10 research outputs found
DOMINATION OR PARTNERSHIP? INTERNATIONAL HEALTH POLICIES AND LOCAL IMPLEMENTATION. MOZAMBIQUE AS CASE STUDY
No full textABSTRACT TITLE: Domination or partnership? International health policies and local implementation. Mozambique as case study. SUPERVISOR: Johanna Hood. AUTHOR: Beatriz Dominguez Guerrero, Chanje M M Dahlgaard, and Vasila Zukhrutdinova INSTITUTION/DEPARTMENT: Roskilde University, Denmark. Department of Society and Globalisation. International Development Studies (K1), Fall 2013. BACKGROUND: Mozambique is among the poorest countries in Sub-Sahara, ranking 185 out of 187 on the HDI ranking list. Maternal Mortality is also high in Mozambique and yet the country is also among the biggest donor funding recipients. Maternal Mortality is an indicator used to determine the development of a country. AIM: The aim of the project is to identify gaps between international and national guidelines and the local implementation (realities) and how some prevailing discourses may explain the purported gaps. This is so as to test the hypothesis that there are gaps. Maternal Health was used as lens. METHOD & THEORY: Qualitative research methods: A review of cardinal national policies pertaining to Maternal Health was done. 3 interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview method and open-ended questions. The interviewees were all representatives of institutions working in the field of Maternal Health. The case-study approach was used and Michel Foucault’s conceptualizations on Power were utilized for the analysis of the empirical data. The Modernization theory was also applied. CONCLUSION: Our hypothesis that there are gaps between the international guidelines and the implementation at local level is true; and that these gaps are reinforced by the different discourses identified in the analysis done among other things. However, considering the fact that we did not have access to interviewing a representative from the Mozambican government side, our findings may only represent half the picture of the reality. Therefore, the analysis should be taken with a grain of salt. It does however reflect some issues that may be interesting to investigate on in another study.ABSTRACT TITLE: Domination or partnership? International health policies and local implementation. Mozambique as case study. SUPERVISOR: Johanna Hood. AUTHOR: Beatriz Dominguez Guerrero, Chanje M M Dahlgaard, and Vasila Zukhrutdinova INSTITUTION/DEPARTMENT: Roskilde University, Denmark. Department of Society and Globalisation. International Development Studies (K1), Fall 2013. BACKGROUND: Mozambique is among the poorest countries in Sub-Sahara, ranking 185 out of 187 on the HDI ranking list. Maternal Mortality is also high in Mozambique and yet the country is also among the biggest donor funding recipients. Maternal Mortality is an indicator used to determine the development of a country. AIM: The aim of the project is to identify gaps between international and national guidelines and the local implementation (realities) and how some prevailing discourses may explain the purported gaps. This is so as to test the hypothesis that there are gaps. Maternal Health was used as lens. METHOD & THEORY: Qualitative research methods: A review of cardinal national policies pertaining to Maternal Health was done. 3 interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview method and open-ended questions. The interviewees were all representatives of institutions working in the field of Maternal Health. The case-study approach was used and Michel Foucault’s conceptualizations on Power were utilized for the analysis of the empirical data. The Modernization theory was also applied. CONCLUSION: Our hypothesis that there are gaps between the international guidelines and the implementation at local level is true; and that these gaps are reinforced by the different discourses identified in the analysis done among other things. However, considering the fact that we did not have access to interviewing a representative from the Mozambican government side, our findings may only represent half the picture of the reality. Therefore, the analysis should be taken with a grain of salt. It does however reflect some issues that may be interesting to investigate on in another study
. 68 (2007) septiembre-diciembre. Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos
No full text- Una nota sobre el coleccionismo de libros por Sinclair Lewis. - Orozco en Nueva Inglaterra por Lewis Mumford. - Génesis de la noción de buen gobierno y de las ideas ilustradas sobre un orden mundial cosmopolita por Anthony Pagden. - 1809. Las relaciones entre los indios y los criollos de la ciudad de Valladolid de Michoacán, en el intento de formar una junta soberana de la provincia por Martha Terán. - El Sur ante la nación. Orígenes del estado de Guerrero: de la consideración cardinal al concepto cultural por Jesús Guzmán. - Militar o político: la imagen del presidente durante la Revolución por Marion Gautreau. - Francisco J. Múgica y su candidatura frustrada a la presidencia de México en 1940 por Anna Ribera Carbó. – El México de Calles: entre la espada y la pared. Entrevista de Magdalena Mondragón al Gral. Plutarco Elías Calles por Martha B. Loyo - El Códice de la Cruz-Badiano y su extensa familia herbaria por Guillermo Turner R. - El niño inventado por Marcela Dávalos. - La relación fragmentada por Pablo Escalante Gonzalbo. - Los de afuera en México por Gerardo Necoechea. – Crestomanía por José Mariano Leyva
El lugar del fuego en la arquitectura de Marcel Breuer
No full textLa presente investigación pretende revisar la construcción de la chimenea y sus ámbitos inherentes dentro de la elaboración del proyecto arquitectónico de Marcel Breuer, partiendo de ciertos indicios dados por el autor y de la búsqueda específica entre el proceso de proyecto y la obra finalizada. Todo ello permitirá comprender su funcionamiento ejemplar, primero como fragmento aislado, y más adelante como pieza generadora de órdenes formales más complejos que prepararán las estructuras compositivas generales.
El propio Breuer manifestaría su interés por ciertos elementos paradigmáticos de la arquitectura como las escaleras, los parasoles, el mobiliario y también la chimenea, explorando con estos la construcción de la composición. De entre todos ellos la chimenea podría ser –por razones simbólicas y culturales– el elemento más trascendente dentro de un inventario generado por el arquitecto húngaro. Sobre esta base, será posible comprender los procesos operativos de su obra; y sus orígenes y derivaciones en el ámbito de la formalización. En el caso específico de Breuer, esta exaltación no estará referida propiamente al término chimenea, sino más bien, al vocablo anglosajón de “fireplace” que describirá al fuego y al lugar donde aquel está contenido. Hablará de un radio térmico donde actúa la llama y desde donde es posible disfrutar de sus bondades y, al mismo tiempo, se referirá al punto de colocación exacto de la misma. La imposibilidad de generar una traducción precisa al castellano permite utilizarlo desde su voz original, conservándolo sin transformar el significado de aquello a lo que refiere, o redefiniéndolo en el mejor de los casos simplemente como “el lugar del fuego”. Así, la investigación intentará determinar en propiedad, el sitio, colocación, o emplazamiento del fuego y, como consecuencia de ello, nuestra chimenea revelará su papel posicional como punto cardinal de la actividad social.
A lo largo de la investigación se realizó un recorrido por 10 casos de estudio pertenecientes a la obra residencial proyectada por Marcel Breuer entre 1940 y 1963, y se planteó que, a través de estos casos, sería posible confirmar la hipótesis previa. Tras este rastro, se indagó sobre los mecanismos de utilización de este objeto y sobre las lógicas de estructuración y composición que regirían la inserción de las partes restantes, todo ello con la única finalidad de esclarecer los atributos que conferirán al fuego su condición de valor. Aquellos 10 ejemplos fueron reordenados para facilitar lo que se ha considerado como una lectura evolutiva, perdiendo su secuencia cronológica y consolidando familias específicas, que relatarán sistemas de relaciones estructurados en torno al hogar. Cada caso intentará profundizar sobre conceptos compositivos universales como centro, periferia, estructura, orden o peso perceptivo y su vinculación con el fuego, generando como conclusión aspectos concretos que delimitan y perfilan el acto de proyectación arquitectónica.
“El lugar del fuego en la arquitectura de Marcel Breuer” no será más que el estudio de un mecanismo de estabilización y jerarquización de la composición, así como también indicará la presencia de un acto fundacional y un centro topológico. El fuego será pues, un punto de referencia al que acudir para hilvanar los elementos restantes de la composición y para establecer pautas organizativas con el horizonte próximo a la casa. La investigación finalizada no sólo habrá recorrido la obra de un autor específico, ni estudiado a un único objeto. También habrá servido como estudio modesto sobre el valor de la percepción en las artes visuales y la arquitectura, a través del pretexto de un elemento concreto. La chimenea no tendrá que estar encendida para ser la consolidación física de un centro organizador de la actividad social; convocador de la periferia; generador de relaciones y estabilizador de la composición.The present research's main purpose is to check the build of the fireplace and its ¡nherent ambits ¡nside the elaboration af the
archilectonical project af Mareel Breuer, starting trom certain signals given by the author and the specific 5eafch between the
project's process and the finalized work. Those ¡tems will allow the understanding af its exemplar functioning, first as an
¡solated fragment and later on as a more complex formal orders generating piece that will prepare general compositional
structures.
I Breuer himself, manifested his interest in certain paradigmatic architectural elements such as ladders, sunshades, furniture
and also the fireplaoo, exploring with them the build of the composition. Among all them, the fireplace should be -due to
symbolic and cultural reasons- the most transcendent element inside an inventory generated by the Hungarian architect. With
this base, it wi ll be possible to understand the operating processes of his work, and his origins and derivations on the
formalization field. In Breuer's specific case, this exaltation won't be realiy referred to the term chimney, but to the word
"fireplace" which will describe the fire and the place in which it is contained. It will ta lk to the thermal radius where the flame
has effect and from where it is possible to enjoy its kindness, and at the same time refer to its exact placement point. The
impossibility of generating a precise translation to spanish allows its use from its original word, conserving it without
transforming the meaning of that to which it refers, or redefining it in he best of cases as ~the place of fire ~ . The investigation
I will try to determine with exactitude, the place, collocation or location of fire and, as a consequence, our chimney will reveal its I
positional role as cardinal point of ~he social activity.
The research has kept track of 10 study cases belonging to the residential work projected by Marcel Breuer between 1940 and
1963, and proposed that, through those cases, it would be possible to confirm the previous hypothesis. Afier this track, an
inquire into the utilization mechanisms of this object and the structuring and composing logics that would lead the insertion of
the missing parts was performed, with the only purpose of bringing to light which altributes confer fire its value condition.
Those 10 examples were reordered to ease what has been considered an evolutive lecture, losing its chronological sequence
and consolidating specific families that will report relation systems structured around the fi replace. Each case will try to deepen
, on universal composing concepts such as centre, periphery. structure, order or perceptive weight and lts linkage with tire,
generating as conclusion concrete aspects that delimitate and outline the·act of architectonic projection.
UThe place of tire in Marcel Breuer's architecture" will be nothing but the study of a stabilization and hierarchy mechanism of
composition, and will also point out the presence of a foundational act and a topologic centre. In fact, the tire will be a
reference point at the time of putting together the rest of elements in the composition and to establish the organizing rules with
the territorial boundaries surrounding the house. Finally, the research will not have only studied the work of a specitic author,
neither a single object. It will have also served as a modest study on the value of perception in visual arts and architecture,
through the excuse of a concrete elemenl. The chimney won't need to be lighted up to be the physical consolidation of an
I organizing centre of social activity, convoker of periphery, generator of relation and stabilizer of the composition.DOCTORAT EN PROJECTES ARQUITECTÒNICS (Pla 1998
A distinção massivo-contável em Suruí
No full textThis dissertation investigated the mass-count distinction in Suruí, a language of the Tupi stock and of the Mondé linguistic family, or Tupi - Mondé Tupi Mondé, spoken by the Paiter/Suruí people. Our investigation is centered on the Formal Semantics of the nominal phrase, by controlled elicitation (data collection with the native speaker of the language, designed especially to verify hypotheses of semantic theory), with translations of sentences from Brazilian Portuguese (BP) into the Suruí language, judgments of grammaticality, acceptability, veridicality and quantity. (a) OBJECTIVE: “The first objective of the study is the semantic analysis of how the grammar of the Surui language operates the mass-containable distinction. The second is to compare the behavior of this language with that of other languages, including Brazilian Portuguese. ”, (b) THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: “Our investigation is centered on the Formal Semantics of the nominal syntagma, using controlled elicitation (data collection with native speakers, specially designed to verify the hypotheses of semantic theory), with sentence translations from BP to Surui, followed by judgments of grammaticality, acceptability, truth value and quantity”, (c) RELEVANCE OF THE WORK: “It is perhaps the first work to distinguish between mass and countable in the Suruí language, and also the first to deal with this language from the point of view of formal semantics. Once assumed as a semantic universal that all natural language show some grammatical effect of the distinction between mass and count nouns, a study of the Suruí language may contribute to compare the grammatical marking of such a semantic distinction with other indigenous languages and with languages in general. Based on questionnaires applied in the consultant's native language, the following steps were followed: (i) it was observed whether the language has determiners, articles, plurals, verbs, personal pronouns, alienable and inalienable names, and how the system of numerals and (ii) how the nominals are interpreted in terms of quantity. The questionnaires surveyed cardinal numerals in sentences with nominals, comparative sentences and quantity judgments, contextualized according to the consultant's reality, so that we could investigate what is countable and what is massive in the Suruí language. Our findings include the fact that in Surui mass nouns are interpreted in terms of volume and do not combined with cardinals.Essa dissertação investigou a distinção massivo-contável na língua Tupi Mondé, falada pelo povo Paiter/ Suruí, língua do Tronco Tupi da família linguística Mondé, ou Tupi – Mondé. Nossa investigação está centrada na Semântica Formal do sintagma nominal, tendo como metodologia a e licitação controlada (coleta de dados com o falante nativo da língua, desenhada especialmente para averiguar hipótese da teoria semântica), com traduções das sentenças do PB para a língua Suruí, testes de julgamento de gramaticalidade, aceitabilidade, julgamento de valor de verdade e julgamento de quantidade. É constituída por. (a) OBJETIVO: “O primeiro objetivo do estudo é a análise semântica de como a gramática da língua Suruí opera a distinção massivo-contável. O segundo é comparar o comportamento dessa língua com o de outras, entre elas, o português brasileiro.”; (b) QUADRO TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICO: “Nossa investigação está centrada na Semântica Formal do sintagma nominal, tendo como metodologia a elicitação controlada (coleta de dados com o falante nativo da língua, desenhada especialmente para averiguar hipótese da teoria semântica) com traduções das sentenças do PB para a língua Suruí, testes de julgamento de gramaticalidade, aceitabilidade, julgamento de valor de verdade e julgamento de quantidade”; e (c) RELEVÂNCIA DO TRABALHO: “Talvez seja o primeiro trabalho a distinção massivo-contável na língua Suruí, e também o primeiro a tratar dessa língua sob a ótica da semântica formal”. Uma vez que se propõe como universal semântico que toda a língua natural apresenta algum efeito gramatical para a distinção nominal entre massivo e contáveis, fazer o estudo comparativo da língua Suruí vai permitir comparar esses aspectos gramaticais com a marcação das demais línguas indígenas e com as línguas em geral. Com base em questionários aplicados na língua nativa do consultor, foram obedecidos os seguintes passos: (i) observar se a língua tem determinante, artigos, plural, verbos, pronomes pessoais, nomes alienáveis e inalienáveis, e como se dá o sistema de numerais; (ii) a interpretação quanto ao julgamento de quantidade. Foram aplicados questionários elaborados com questões contendo: numerais cardinais, sentenças com nominais, sentenças comparativas e quadro de julgamento de quantidade conforme a realidade do consultor, para que pudéssemos estar investigando o que é contável e o que massivo na língua Suruí. Após a realização dos testes realizados com o consultor, tivemos avanços quanto aos resultados obtidos que diante de sua percepção fez a relação entre o que contável e o que é volume, fazendo a distinção e informando que em Suruí que o nome de massa ou volume não se combinam aos cardinais. O trabalho realizado é o início de um estudo que ainda precisa ser feito com mais profundidade sobre a gramática dessa língua
ANÁLISE DOS EFEITOS COLATERAIS DA BIOPLASTIA COM POLIMETILMETACRILATO
No full textIntroduction: the aging of the skin, with the loss of fat and collagen, has led to the growingpopularity of permanent fillers. Among them, Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a syntheticproduct composed of acrylic microspheres, has stood out in bioplasty procedures due to itslow cost. However, the inappropriate use of this material has become a critical issue inmedical practice due to its possible serious adverse effects. Objective: to analyze the sideeffects of bioplasty with polymethylmethacrylate as a permanent filler. Method: integrativeliterature review of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2008 and2023 in the PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde and Redalyc databases. The descriptorswere used with boolean operators in the following order: "plastic surgery" AND "polymethylmethacrylate" AND "adverse reactions". Of the 82 articles found, 7 were selected. Results:although PMMA is approved by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa), itsindiscriminate use poses significant risks. The persistence of the product in the body triggersthe release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which initiates chronic inflammation and can alsoimpair local blood supply, leading to necrosis and the formation of ulcers. As a protectiveresponse, the body generates a fibrous capsule around the PMMA microspheres, causingtissue retraction and deformities. In addition, the particles of the product can migrate throughthe lymphatic and blood vessels and form granulomas in places far from the originalapplication. Conclusion: the inappropriate and excessive use of polymethylmethacrylate inbioplasty procedures poses considerable risks and can result in aesthetic and functionalcomplications that are difficult to reverse in the long term. Therefore, it is essential thatbioplasty with PMMA is performed by qualified professionals, in accordance with theguidelines of the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), in order to minimize risks and preventadverse consequences for patients.Introdução: o envelhecimento cutâneo, com a perda de gordura e colágeno, tem levado à crescente popularidade dos preenchimentos permanentes. Dentre eles, o polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA), um produto sintético composto por microesferas de acrílico, destacou-se nos procedimentos de bioplastia em razão do seu baixo custo. No entanto, a utilização inadequada deste material tornou-se uma questão crítica na prática médica devido aos possíveis efeitos adversos graves. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos colaterais da bioplastia com PMMA. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura de artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2008 e 2023 nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Redalyc. Os descritores foram manejados com os operadores booleanos na ordem a seguir: “plastic surgery” AND “polymethyl methacrylate” AND “adverse reactions”. Dos 82 artigos encontrados, 7 foram selecionados. Resultados: embora o PMMA seja aprovado pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), sua utilização indiscriminada apresenta riscos significativos. A persistência do produto no organismo desencadeia a liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias que iniciam uma inflamação crônica e, ainda, pode prejudicar o aporte sanguíneo local, levando à necrose e à formação de úlceras. Como resposta protetora, o organismo gera uma cápsula fibrosa em torno das microesferas do PMMA, causando retração tecidual e deformidades. Além disso, as partículas do produto podem migrar pelos vasos linfáticos e sanguíneos e formar granulomas em locais distantes da aplicação original. Conclusão: o uso inadequado e excessivo do PMMA apresenta riscos consideráveis, podendo resultar em complicações estéticas e funcionais de difícil reversão. Portanto, é fundamental que a bioplastia com PMMA seja realizada por profissionais qualificados e em conformidade com as diretrizes do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), a fim de minimizar os riscos e prevenir consequências adversas para os pacientes
El cancionero musical (1599) de Antonio Gutiérrez. Un músico español de Nápoles al servicio del duque de Mantua
No full textDuring the first decades of the seventeenth century, Spanish vocal music had a significant presence in Italy and other European regions. The discovery of a volume dated 1599 containing original music by Antonio Gutiérrez, preserved in the library of the Correr Museum in Venice, allows us to considerably expand our understanding of the phenomenon of arie and villanelle. Its importance lies not only in the fact that it is written in mensural notation with guitar accompaniment in tablature, but also in its relationship to certain manuscript sources, as some of its 29 two-voice compositions, with notated music and guitar accompaniment, correspond with other Italian sources of poetry with alphabet. The discovery of this manuscript, dedicated by the author himself to the Duke of Mantua, allows us to approach the creators of this repertoire and question some assumptions about its provenance. This article aims to present this new source in its context and contribute to knowledge of its author’s figure, as well as to address some of the most relevant technical-stylistic aspects, as a preview of a critical edition of the music that is currently in preparation.Durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, la música vocal en español tuvo una presencia significativa en Italia y otras regiones europeas. El hallazgo de un volumen fechado en 1599 con música original de Antonio Gutiérrez, conservado en la biblioteca del Museo Correr de Venecia, permite ampliar considerablemente nuestra visión del cultivo de la canción en español en tierras transalpinas durante el nacimiento del barroco. Su importancia radica no sólo en el hecho de estar escrito en notación mensural, con acompañamiento de guitarra en tablatura, sino en la relación que guarda con ciertas fuentes manuscritas pues algunas de sus 29 composiciones a dos voces, con música notada y acompañamiento de guitarra, concuerdan con otras fuentes italianas de poesía con alfabeto. El descubrimiento de este manuscrito, dedicado por el propio autor al duque de Mantua, nos permite acercarnos a los artífices del repertorio, y cuestionar algunas asunciones acerca de su procedencia. Este artículo se propone dar noticia de esta nueva fuente en su contexto y contribuir al conocimiento de la figura de su autor, así como tratar algunos de los aspectos técnico-estilísticos más relevantes, como adelanto de una edición crítica de la música que está en proceso de preparación
Artes de canto (1492-1626) y mujeres en la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista
No full text[spa] Esta Tesis Doctoral explora la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista a través del estudio de artes de canto en lengua vernácula impresas entre 1492 y 1626 y de su relación con las mujeres de la época. La Tesis consta de siete capítulos, estructurados en dos partes (Vol. I), y de veinte apéndices (Vol. II). La primera parte (Capítulos I al IV) muestra que las características por las que estos libros que contenían los rudimentos de la música han sido infravalorados hasta ahora por la historiografía musical son precisamente las mismas que demuestran que respondían a una necesidad pedagógica y a la demanda de manuales asequibles, breves y prácticos por parte de un amplio mercado. Las artes de canto se imprimieron en tiradas de miles de ejemplares y eran vendidas a bajo precio, tuvieron una enorme circulación en la Península Ibérica y el Nuevo Mundo, y contribuyeron al incremento y la difusión de la educación musical en contextos educativos diferenciados (la iglesia, la universidad y el ámbito privado), así como entre grupos sociales hasta entonces excluidos del aprendizaje de los fundamentos de la música. El Arte de canto llano (Sevilla, 1530) de Juan Martínez emerge como el tratado de música del mundo hispánico más difundido geográfica y cronológicamente en el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII, pero del que casi nada se sabía. En la segunda parte (Capítulos V al VII), las conexiones entre estos libros de música y mujeres muestran que las áreas de superposición entre lo privado y lo público y entre lo oral y lo escrito permiten desafiar la invisibilidad de las mujeres en documentos históricos y vislumbrar trazas no sólo de la cultura musical de las mujeres de la época, sino también de la importancia de la música en la vida cotidiana. Se utiliza una diversidad de fuentes (artes de canto, libros de conducta, documentos inquisitoriales, literatura, correspondencia e inventarios de bienes, entre otras), a través de las cuales se ha podido documentar la relación con la música de, entre otras, Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Condesa de Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, e Isabel de Aragón, IV Duquesa del Infantado. Empleando metodologías de la musicología tradicional junto a otras tomadas de los historiadores del libro y de la cultura popular, esta Tesis Doctoral presenta una panorámica de la vida musical de la época a través del prisma de doble alteridad que supone el estudio de las artes de canto, generalmente consideradas carentes de interés, y de su relación con las mujeres, insuficientemente representadas en la historiografía musical.[eng] This dissertation explores the musical culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through both the study of small-format treatises in the vernacular containing the rudiments of music –known as artes de canto– printed between 1492 and 1626, and the nexuses between them and women. The dissertation consists of seven chapters, structured into two parts (Volume I), and twenty appendixes (Volume II). Part I (Chapters I to IV) shows that the arte de canto, until now generally overlooked or undervalued in music historiography, was produced in print runs of thousands of copies and sold for a low price; it had a broad circulation in the Iberian Peninsula and the New World, contributing to the spread of musical literacy in distinct didactic contexts (churches, universities, private settings) and among social groups until then excluded from learning the rudiments of music. The little known Juan Martínez’s Arte de canto llano (Seville, 1530) emerges as the most circulated music book in the Hispanic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim of Part II (Chapters V to VII) is to approach the musical life of the sixteenth-century Iberian world through the exploration of women’s contributions, thus broadening the field of historical research. The study of some connections between music books and women shows that the points of overlap between the private and the public spheres, on the one hand, and the written and the oral music transmission, on the other hand, not only make women’s musical practices visible, but also offer new vistas on the popular culture of the age. Through a variety of source materials (artes de canto, conduct manuals, Inquisition records, literature, letters and inventories of goods, among others) it has been possible to document the musical activities of women such as Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Countess of Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, and Isabel de Aragón, IV Duchess of the Infantado. Combining methodologies from traditional musicology with those borrowed from book history and popular culture, this dissertation analyzes music in the culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through the prism of double Otherness involved in studying the ‘other’ music books –that is the undervalued artes de canto– and their connections to women of that period
Diálogo entre ciénagas: La decolonización del retrato en el estudio semiótico de las fotografías de María Paula Durán, Daniela Ariza y el Colectivo Aica
No full textEl propósito de este texto es proponer una mirada desde la Historia del arte a las fotografías comisionadas por el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición desde la semiótica visual. De esta forma, propongo que las imágenes y la mirada sobre ellas, se vuelven un dilema historiográfico. Dan visibilidad a una a nuevas formas de producción que retratan nuevos cuerpos, sentires o prácticas y que pueden dar un paso hacia nuevas formas de entender el pasado con un lente decolonial. A diferencia de autores que hacen uso de la imagen, toman el reconocimiento, pero no implantan un proceso sensible con las miradas y la agencia de las personas retratadas.Centro de Investigación y Creación (CIC) | Universidad de los AndesPregrad
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
No full textBACKGROUND: As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016.METHODS: We estimated prevalence and incidence for 328 diseases and injuries and 2982 sequelae, their non-fatal consequences. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death rates for each condition. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies if incidence or prevalence needed to be derived from other data. YLDs were estimated as the product of prevalence and a disability weight for all mutually exclusive sequelae, corrected for comorbidity and aggregated to cause level. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. GBD 2016 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).FINDINGS: Globally, low back pain, migraine, age-related and other hearing loss, iron-deficiency anaemia, and major depressive disorder were the five leading causes of YLDs in 2016, contributing 57·6 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 40·8-75·9 million [7·2%, 6·0-8·3]), 45·1 million (29·0-62·8 million [5·6%, 4·0-7·2]), 36·3 million (25·3-50·9 million [4·5%, 3·8-5·3]), 34·7 million (23·0-49·6 million [4·3%, 3·5-5·2]), and 34·1 million (23·5-46·0 million [4·2%, 3·2-5·3]) of total YLDs, respectively. Age-standardised rates of YLDs for all causes combined decreased between 1990 and 2016 by 2·7% (95% UI 2·3-3·1). Despite mostly stagnant age-standardised rates, the absolute number of YLDs from non-communicable diseases has been growing rapidly across all SDI quintiles, partly because of population growth, but also the ageing of populations. The largest absolute increases in total numbers of YLDs globally were between the ages of 40 and 69 years. Age-standardised YLD rates for all conditions combined were 10·4% (95% UI 9·0-11·8) higher in women than in men. Iron-deficiency anaemia, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and all musculoskeletal disorders apart from gout were the main conditions contributing to higher YLD rates in women. Men had higher age-standardised rates of substance use disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and all injuries apart from sexual violence. Globally, we noted much less geographical variation in disability than has been documented for premature mortality. In 2016, there was a less than two times difference in age-standardised YLD rates for all causes between the location with the lowest rate (China, 9201 YLDs per 100 000, 95% UI 6862-11943) and highest rate (Yemen, 14 774 YLDs per 100 000, 11 018-19 228).INTERPRETATION: The decrease in death rates since 1990 for most causes has not been matched by a similar decline in age-standardised YLD rates. For many large causes, YLD rates have either been stagnant or have increased for some causes, such as diabetes. As populations are ageing, and the prevalence of disabling disease generally increases steeply with age, health systems will face increasing demand for services that are generally costlier than the interventions that have led to declines in mortality in childhood or for the major causes of mortality in adults. Up-to-date information about the trends of disease and how this varies between countries is essential to plan for an adequate health-system response.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the National Institute on Aging and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health
Protecting stable biological nomenclatural systems enables universal communication: A collective international appeal
No full textSupplementary material S1 lists the 1543 additional coauthors: https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/bioscience/74/7/10.1093_biosci_biae043/1/biae043_supplemental_file.zip. Co-authors who contributed revising translations are listed first. Then, the rest of the coauthors are listed according alphabetic order of countries/territories.Supplementary material S2 is the automatic revised translations to Arabic, Chinese, Farsi, French, German, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Portuguese and Turkish: https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/bioscience/74/7/10.1093_biosci_biae043/1/biae043_supplemental_files.zip.International audienceThe fundamental value of universal nomenclatural systems in biology is that they enable unambiguous scientific communication. However, the stability of these systems is threatened by recent discussions asking for a fairer nomenclature, raising the possibility of bulk revision processes for “inappropriate” names. It is evident that such proposals come from very deep feelings, but we show how they can irreparably damage the foundation of biological communication and, in turn, the sciences that depend on it. There are four essential consequences of objective codes of nomenclature: universality, stability, neutrality, and transculturality. These codes provide fair and impartial guides to the principles governing biological nomenclature and allow unambiguous universal communication in biology. Accordingly, no subjective proposals should be allowed to undermine them
