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Introduzione. Cultura critica, discorso pubblico e politica
No full textCon questo contributo si introduce il dibattito scientifico su fenomeni culturali e comunicativi emergenti della società frammentata che stanno assumendo dimensioni significative nel panorama contemporaneo con le loro interconnessioni con i processi di platformizzazione, informazione e democratizzazione. Per raggiungere tale obiettivo è fondamentale delineare la nascita e lo sviluppo di tali fenomeni anche attraverso una rilettura e una riconfigurazione del rapporto tra cultura, potere e politica all’interno dello spazio sociale in cui non si espletano solo le funzioni di ruolo, ma anche denuncia e critica
Critical current density in advanced superconductors
No full textThis review paper delves into the concept of critical current density (Jc)
in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) across macroscopic, mesoscopic, and microscopic perspectives. Through this exploration, a comprehensive range of connections is unveiled aiming to foster advancements in the physics, materials science, and the engineering of applied superconductors. Beginning with the macroscopic interpretation of Jc as a central material law, the review traces its development from C.P. Bean’s foundational work to modern extensions. Mesoscopic challenges in understanding vortex dynamics and their coherence with thermodynamic anisotropy regimes are addressed, underscoring the importance of understanding the limitations and corrections implicit in the macroscopic measurement of Jc, linked with mesoscopic phenomena such as irradiation effects, defect manipulation, and vortex interactions. The transition to supercritical current densities is also discussed, detailing the superconductor behavior beyond critical thresholds with a focus on flux-flow instability regimes relevant to fault current limiters and fusion energy magnets. Enhancing Jc through tailored material microstructures, engineered pinning centers, grain boundary manipulation, and controlled doping is explored, along with radiation techniques and their impact on large-scale energy systems. Emphasizing the critical role of Jc, this review focuses on its physical optimization and engineering manipulation, highlighting its significance across diverse sector
Do Cenobamate Pharmacokinetics Change with Co-Administered Antiseizure Medications? An Exploratory Analysis of Responder Patients with Focal Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
No full textBackground: Cenobamate (CNB) is an anti-seizure medication (ASM) approved for the treatment of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Notwithstanding significant proof of efficacy, real-world pharmacokinetics (PK) data are lacking, particularly regarding sex-based variations and the effect of concomitant ASMs. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the PK profile of CNB in responder adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy and assess potential relationship with concomitant ASMs and clinical variables. Methods: We enrolled 17 patients receiving add-on CNB. The concentration-to-dose ratio (C/D), incremental slope (ΔC/ΔD), and dose-to-concentration AUC were calculated. Enrolled individuals were stratified into three exposure clusters (low, medium, and high). Univariate ANOVA was used to explore associations between PK parameters, clinical variables and concomitant ASMs. Results: Sex appeared to be associated with AUC cluster classification (p = 0.026), showing females predominating in the high-exposure group. A nonlinear dose-concentration relationship emerged from the ΔC/ΔD analysis, showing steeper slopes at low doses (12.5–50 mg), great variability at higher doses (100–200 mg), and a negative slope in some individuals. Higher CNB concentrations were observed in patients co-treated with lacosamide, while concomitant topiramate was associated with lower exposure. Carbamazepine and valproate showed non-significant trends consistent with their known enzyme-inducing and inhibiting properties. Conclusions: PK of CNB appears highly variable and seems to be influenced by sex and concomitant ASMs. These findings highlight the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized titration strategies to optimize efficacy and safety in clinical practice. These results should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating due to the small and monocentric sample size and need to be confirmed in larger, multicenter cohorts
Eros e pathos del nascosto
No full text«Φύσις κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ», recita un celebre frammento di Eraclito: «La natura ama nascondersi», nella sua traduzione più semplice. Ma se qualcosa ama nascondersi, l’atto del sottrarla o del suo stesso sottrarsi al suo nascondiglio, l’atto del disvelarla o del suo stesso disvelarsi può essere la verità? Oppure, ciò che ama nascondersi, una volta deprivato di ciò che ama – appunto il restare nascosto –, non può più essere ciò che era quando era nascosto? E se, fuoriuscendo dal proprio nascondiglio, la natura si snatura, se qualcosa di prezioso si perde nel momento stesso in cui viene trovato, cosa resta da fare? Si deve rinunciare a ciò che si perde o c’è una possibilità di accedervi in qualche modo? E poi, più in generale, ciò che si nasconde è tale perché comporta un eccesso di dolore o una gioia anch’essa incontenibile? Si nasconde per un’assenza o per un eccesso di luce, anch’esso accecante come il buio? Cosa può e deve essere disvelato e cosa deve restare nascosto, dato che ama nascondersi? E se c’è un nascosto che deve restare tale, o non può fare altrimenti, qual è il miglior modo di rapportarsi a esso
An ultrasensitive gas nanosensor based on a dual-gate Schottky barrier CNT-FET with an all-terminal gas-sensitive design: a three-dimensional quantum simulation study
No full textIn this paper, we propose a new gas nanosensor based on a Dual-Gate Schottky Barrier carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (DG SB-CNTFET) endowed with an all-terminal gas-sensitive configuration, investigated through full quantum-mechanical simulations. The numerical modeling is performed using the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) formalism combined with a pz-orbital nearest-neighbor tight-binding approach to describe quantum transport in Schottky barrier CNTFETs. Full threedimensional electrostatics is incorporated by self-consistently solving the Poisson equation. The sensing principle relies on gas-induced variations in the metal work function at all terminals. The three-dimensional (3D) quantum simulation study covers transfer characteristics, potential profiles, charge density distributions, transmission coefficients, and sensitivity in both current-mode and pseudothreshold voltage-shift mode. Four device configurations are investigated: (i) only the source terminal is sensitive, (ii) both source and drain are sensitive, (iii) source, drain, and top-gate are sensitive, and (iv) all terminals, including the back-control gate, are sensitive. The potential for sensitivity enhancement through coupling capacitance engineering is also examined. Results show that the all-terminal gas-sensitive configuration yields a substantial improvement in the constant-current gate voltage shift, enabling the detection of extremely low gas pressures. These findings establish the proposed DG SB-CNTFETbased nanosensor as a strong candidate for next-generation ultra-sensitive gas detection systems, where compact size, low power consumption, and exceptional sensitivity are critical requirements
Da emergenza a fenomeno strutturale. Riscrivere le politiche a sostegno della genitorialità
No full textSe la tendenza in diminuzione della popolazione italiana poteva essere controllata all’inizio di questo terzo millennio con un saldo migratorio positivo, oggi non è più così e non si può più parlare di emergenza ma di un problema oramai strutturale. Ciò si deve alla riduzione della popolazione femminile in età feconda (15-50 anni): in altre parole, non solo si fanno meno figli, ma ci sono anche meno donne in età feconda che potrebbero farli nascere (avere figli è una scelta sempre più rinviata nel tempo). Alla questione di carattere strutturale, relativa a meno madri potenziali e mediamente più anziane, si accompagna l’atteggiamento riproduttivo vero e proprio, strettamente legato a elementi di soggettività e di autodeterminazione nella scelta di mettere al mondo un figlio
