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Economic Coercion and Grey Zone Competition: Reassessing the China-Australia Case
No full textEconomic coercion is recognized as a major policy challenge for global leaders. The case of Beijing’s use of economic coercion against Australia (2020–2024) in response to bilateral tensions holds important insights. Research shows that China’s coercion efforts failed in two ways: the total costs to Australia’s economy were smaller than expected, and Canberra did not change pre-existing policies that triggered the coercion. Failure in this case is attributed to the ability of markets to adjust. Building on this research, we argue that while markets adapted relatively well in the Australia-China case, coercion still produced significant and concentrated subnational costs that differentially impacted Australian state economies. This resulted in political pressure and destabilization effects on Australian federal politics, influencing the provision of concessions favourable to Beijing during bilateral negotiations to restore trade relations. Informed by a novel geoeconomic and hybrid warfare framework, this article therefore offers new insights on the political effects of economic coercion in democracies. Our findings suggest that weaponization of trade can serve as an effective geoeconomic strategy for grey zone/hybrid warfare
The role of informal participation in deliberative constitution-making: Constituent processes in Chile and Iceland
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Investigating users’ experiences with the Internet of Things (IoT) and their awareness of IoT privacy and security in Saudi Arabia
No full textUnderpinning the impact of in-vehicle distractions on driving performance in Australia
Full text linkIntroduction: Give the significant and diverse impact of in-vehicle distractions on road crashes, this study examines the comparative impact of four inside-vehicle distractions (auditory, visual, behavioral/manual and cognitive) on driving performance. Method: A lab-based driving simulator study was conducted with Australian drivers (n = 103) to examine the impact of four types of distractions on driving performance. Results: Simulator-based study results confirmed that behavioral/manual and auditory distractions were the largest inside-vehicle distractions affecting driving performance adversely. Practical Applications: The study’s findings offer valuable insights for developing safe driving awareness campaigns, particularly by addressing auditory and behavioral distractions
