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DoRAA, une archive numérique au service de l’architecture antique
No full textInternational audienceLe présent article est issu d’un poster présenté au « XIIIe colloque international d'histoire et d'archéologie qui a eu lieu à Fréjus les 23 et 24 novembre 2023 sur le thème "L’archéologie de l’architecture au service des monuments. Connaître – Conserver – Transmettre". Dans le contexte actuel de la Science ouverte, les organismes de recherche sont amenés à répondre aux exigences de la loi sur la République numérique de 2016 et des plans nationaux pour l’ouverture des données de la recherche mis en place depuis 2018 par le Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche. Dans ce cadre, les laboratoires de recherche doivent prendre en charge leurs fonds d’archives et mettre en œuvre une politique de numérisation et de diffusion. Créé en 1957, seule unité spécialisée sur l’architecture antique en France, l’Institut de Recherche sur l’Architecture Antique conserve plus de 60 années d’archives papier et nativement numériques qu’il est fondamental de transmettre au public, professionnel ou non. La construction d’une archive numérique appelée « Documents de recherche sur l’architecture antique - DoRAA » répond à cet enjeu de transmission. Dans un premier temps, DoRAA a pour objectif d’offrir à la communauté scientifique un accès facilité à une documentation riche et fondamentale pour l’étude et la valorisation des monuments antiques. Labellisées « Collections d’excellence – Archéologie de la France » en octobre 2022 par le GIS CollEx-Persée, les archives de l’IRAA sur les sites archéologiques et les monuments français représentent près de la moitié des collections. Elles comprennent notamment plusieurs fonds exceptionnels sur le site archéologique de Glanum, le théâtre antique d’Orange, et de nombreux vestiges et monuments du Sud-Ouest de la France. Réalisée sous le logiciel Omeka-S, en collaboration avec l'Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique du CNRS, cette archive numérique s'appuie sur ces premières collections pour mettre en œuvre la politique de valorisation du laboratoire. Cependant, cet outil n’est pas destiné à la seule mise en ligne des documents après leur numérisation. DoRAA a aussi pour ambition de faire connaître la finalité des études menées par les architectes et archéologues de l’IRAA et de montrer la place de l’analyse architecturale en archéologie
Improving visibility for knowledge holders in ethnobiological and ethnopharmacological publications
No full textInternational audienceEthnopharmacological relevance: Ethnopharmacology and ethnobiology largely focus on the study of traditional knowledge related to medicinal and other uses of plants, animals or minerals. Despite decades of political advocacy, ethnopharmacological and ethnobiological information is still sometimes published without proper attribution of the cultural identities and affiliations of the communities that shared it.Aim of the study: Identify key guidelines to ensure the proper attribution of ethnobiological and ethnopharmacological knowledge recorded in scientific publications to the communities who provided it.Material and methods: This article is based on extensive group discussions that started at a workshop entitled “A worldwide database of local uses of biodiversity: Why? For whom? And how?” (18th Congress of the International Society of Ethnobiology in Marrakech, Morocco, May 15–19, 2024), and was attended by around 50 participants. The guidelines were developed through an iterative revision process.Results: We propose practical guidelines to improve the attribution and thus, visibility, of communities whose knowledge contributes to ethnobiological and ethnopharmacological publications. Recognising individual knowledge holders remains a critical topic on its own right.Conclusion: Transparent and consistent reporting of the provenance of place-based ancestral knowledge from communities is essential for advancing the objectives of the Nagoya Protocol, the Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge, and for strengthening academic inquir
Validation of the DESI DR2 Ly BAO analysis using synthetic datasets
No full textInternational audienceThe second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), containing data from the first three years of observations, doubles the number of Lyman- (Ly) forest spectra in DR1 and it provides the largest dataset of its kind. To ensure a robust validation of the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) analysis using Ly forests, we have made significant updates compared to DR1 to both the mocks and the analysis framework used in the validation. In particular, we present CoLoRe-QL, a new set of Ly mocks that use a quasi-linear input power spectrum to incorporate the non-linear broadening of the BAO peak. We have also increased the number of realisations used in the validation to 400, compared to the 150 realisations used in DR1. Finally, we present a detailed study of the impact of quasar redshift errors on the BAO measurement, and we compare different strategies to mask Damped Lyman- Absorbers (DLAs) in our spectra. The BAO measurement from the Ly dataset of DESI DR2 is presented in a companion publication
Laser self-injection locking to fiber Fabry-Perot resonator for frequency comb generation
No full textInternational audienceThis study demonstrates that self-injection locking (SIL) of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser to a high-Q fiber Fabry Perot (FFP) resonator, fabricated with highly nonlinear fiber, allows optical frequency combs (OFC) generation with a laser power as low as 100 mW. More precisely, cavity soliton (CS) regime has been observed in this configuration, along with other types of combs. The laser stabilization using SIL is described. Then the system's behavior is analyzed through modeling the laser's dynamics and comparing the model results to experimental tuning curve measurements. Our findings highlight the critical role of the initial phase of the fiber link between laser and FFP in determining the stability and effectiveness of the locking process. We explore the dynamics of the nonlinear SIL process while varying the laser current, revealing the transition from modulation instability to chaotic comb states, and eventually to soliton formation as the system moves from an effective blue-detuned to an effective red-detuned regime. Notably, the inclusion of self-phase modulation (SPM) in the SIL model predicts accessibility of the narrow soliton existence range. These results highlight the potential of SIL in FFP resonators for low-power, stable OFC generation, offering a promising path forward for practical applications
Use of mogamulizumab in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas among people living with HIV: insights from a nationwide French cohort
No full textInternational audienceWe report the first nationwide French cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with mogamulizumab for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Mogamulizumab demonstrated sustained efficacy and good tolerability, including in a patient treated continuously for over three years, with no opportunistic infections or HIV reactivation. Beyond clinical outcomes, our findings highlight the dual role of CCR4 in HIV persistence and immune regulation, warranting cardiovascular monitoring in this population
On the local anisotropy of quasi-two-dimensional forced shallow flow: An experimental study
No full textInternational audienceWe experimentally investigate quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) forced shallow flows in the presence of solid boundaries and analyze the deviation from the Kolmogorov-Kraichnan (KK) theory. Complex motion is generated using a thin electrolyte subject to electromagnetic forces, and we employ particle tracking velocimetry to resolve the flow properties down to the Kolmogorov scale. Although the velocity probability distribution function closely resembles a Gaussian, deviations from Gaussianity emerge for velocity increments as scales decrease. The second-order structure function supports the onset of local anisotropy at small scales. The sign of the third-order structure function indicates the dominance of the inverse cascade in energy transfer, and the cross-correlation between longitudinal and transverse directions proves to be significant at large scales. The breakdown of local isotropy is consistent with the effect of bottom friction, which primarily affects the longitudinal motion, while leaving the perpendicular direction unaffected. This local anisotropy propagates to larger scales via the inverse energy cascade, with nonlinear interactions eventually influencing the perpendicular direction
An adaptive quasi-neutrality solver for full-F flux-driven gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak plasmas in presence of poloidal asymmetries
No full textInternational audienceGyrokinetic codes are used to simulate transport in tokamak plasmas. In these codes, the distribution functions evolve self consistently with an electromagnetic field. To compute the temporal evolution of the electrostatic potential, a quasi-neutrality equation is solved. In some gyrokinetic codes, the quasi-neutrality solver assumes that the background densities and temperatures are constant in time and on flux surfaces. This assumption, which implicitly uses the so-called δF approach, can break up, in particular at the edge of the plasma which can display large and time evolving poloidal asymmetries.In this paper, a numerical solver of the quasi-neutrality equation accounting for time evolving poloidal asymmetries is presented. This solver is compatible with all electron models (adiabatic, kinetic or hybrid) and written for the long wavelength or the Padé approximations for the polarisation term. The impact of such an improvement is carefully reported on different types of simulations, illustrating when the δF approach forquasi-neutrality is valid and when it fails. A procedure to limit the numerical cost of updating the background profiles in the quasi-neutrality solver is also presented
Loi applicable au contrat de travail : le conflit mobile du lieu de travail à l’épreuve de la Convention de Rome
No full textInternational audienc
Realized drift
No full textInternational audienceDrift and volatility are two mainsprings of asset price dynamics. While volatilities have been studied extensively in the literature, drifts are commonly believed to be impossible to estimate and largely ignored in the literature. This paper shows how to detect drift using realized autocovariance implemented on high-frequency data. We use a theoretical treatment in which the classical model for the efficient price, an Itō semimartingale possibly contaminated by microstructure noise, is enriched with drift and volatility explosions. Our theory advocates a novel decomposition for realized variance into a drift and a volatility component, which leads to significant improvements in volatility forecasting