Publikationer från Örebro universitet
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Kryptovalutor som diversifiering under kriser : En empirisk studie av Bitcoin, Ethereum och Ripple i relation till den svenska aktiemarknaden 2018–2024
No full textThis thesis examines whether cryptocurrencies can function as diversification or risk-reducing assets relative to the Swedish equity market during periods of financial stress. Using daily data for Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple from 2018 to 2024, their dynamic relationship with the OMX30 index is analyzed. To provide a broader benchmark, gold, the German DAX index, and the U.S. S&P 500 index are included as comparison assets. Periods of financial stress are identified as episodes in which the OMX30 declines by at least 10 percent from a recent peak. Time-varying correlations are estimated using a Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH (DCC-GARCH) model, allowing the analysis of how interasset relationships evolve over time. In addition, hedge effectiveness measures are employed to assess the cryptocurrencies practical ability to reduce portfolio risk.The results show that Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple exhibit weak but positive correlations with the Swedish equity market, implying that they may serve as diversifiers but not ashedges or safe-havens. During periods of financial stress, correlations tend to increase rather than decrease, indicating limited protective properties. Hedge effectiveness estimates further suggest that the risk-reducing capacity of cryptocurrencies is unstable and generally weak. Incontrast, gold displays more consistent negative correlations and superior hedging performance. Overall, the findings suggest that cryptocurrencies offer limited diversification benefits for Swedish investors and should not be considered reliable risk-mitigating assets during market stress
Spår av identitet : En kvalitativ studie om identitetsskapande element i staden och dess roll i urban platsmarknadsföring
No full textSpårvagnarna i Norrköping utgör ett exempel på hur lokalt förankrade infrastrukturella inslag kan bidra till stadens identitet och hur denna identitet kan tas till vara i stadens platsmarknadsföring. Spårvagnar är ett av många möjliga identitetsskapande element som präglar urbana visuella och symboliska uttryck. I andra städer kan det istället vara en byggnad, en bro, ett torg, ett industriellt arv eller återkommande kulturella evenemang som kan fylla liknande roller i skapandet av urbana visuella och symboliska uttryck. Spårvagnarna fungerar i detta sammanhang som både ett empiriskt studieobjekt och som en analytisk ingång till en bredare förståelse av samspelet mellan fysisk miljö, identitet och den kommunikation som kan användas i det urbana konkurrenslandskapet. Studiens resultat visar att spårvagnarna har en framträdande identitetsskapande roll i Norrköping, där deras särprägel, starka platsanknytning och karakteristiska färgsättning bidrar till deras symboliska betydelse. Trots att spårvagnarna inte ingår i någon uttalad strategi för platsmarknadsföring fungerar de som en etablerad visuell och kulturell markör i stadens kommunikation och marknadsföring. Studien bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse av hur urbana infrastrukturella element kan fungera som identitetsbärande resurser i städers arbete med att positionera sig en konkurrensutsatt omvärld
PUBLIC-SERVICE VARA ELLER ICKE-VARA : EN KVALITATIV STUDIE AV SVERIGEDEMOKRATERNAS INSTÄLLNING TILL PUBLIC-SERVICE MELLAN PERIODERNA 2018-2022 OCH 2022-2025
No full textThis essay conducts research of the Sweden-democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) approach to public-service, comparing its positions and critiques between the two most recent parliamentary terms 2018-2022, and 2022-2025. The Sweden-democrats has gone through a major shift in power-positions due to its current function as a support-party to the government since the last election, which affects its policies. In the backdrop of a drastically changed media landscape and growing critique amongst right-wing sympathizers, this study aims to clarify the substance of the Sweden-democrats approach to public-service by comparing their polices during the latest two parliamentary terms, and to analyze potential shifts related to its function on the media market, populistic ideology and perceived political-bias. The research was conducted through a qualitative research of strategically selected documents, such as parliamentary motions and interpellations, but also with statements by leading party members and government presentations. The results were thereafter compared to the previous research, and the previously mentioned theoretical framework. The results showed that the party's overall critique has remained constant, but with certain differences in its content. The Sweden-democrats does not currently suggest, as the empirical material shows, that the public-service media is a part of a larger establishment, but rather is overrepresented by urbanistic viewpoints. Furthermore, the party has suggested a reform of the public-service institution, with the growing polarization and the digital media market as central arguments
CYBERSÄKERHET I KOMMUNAL FÖRVALTNING : En komparativ studie av hur den nationella cybersäkerhetsstrategin 2025–2029 implementeras i svenska kommuners policyer
No full textThis study examines how the Swedish National Cybersecurity Strategy 2025–2029 is implemented in municipal cybersecurity policies, with a particular focus on competence provision and inter-organisational cooperation. From a perspective of political science, the study contributes to research on policy implementation and multi-level governance by analysing how national strategic ambitions are translated into local policy documents in a context characterised by decentralised responsibility and limited binding regulation. The study is conducted as a comparative case study of three Swedish municipalities: Uppsala, Kalix and Norsjö which was selected to reflect variation in size, resources and organisational capacity. The empirical material consists of publicly available municipal policy and steering documents, which are analysed using qualitative document analysis. The findings show considerable variation in how the national cybersecurity strategy is reflected in municipal policies. The analysis indicates that differences in implementation are primarily explained by variations in organisational capacity, leadership engagement and access to cooperation networks. Larger municipalities with greater administrative resources tend to have more comprehensive and institutionalised policy frameworks, while smaller municipalities rely more heavily on external support and inter-municipal cooperation. Overall, the study demonstrates that national cybersecurity strategies based on recommendations rather than binding regulation result in uneven policy implementation at the local level
Hållbarhetsarbete överlever på ledarens samvete, inte på organisationens strategi : En kvalitativ studie om identitet, ledarskap och organisatorisk hållbarhet
No full textFrån EU-motstånd till ompositionering : En studie av Miljöpartiet och Sverigedemokraterna genom Sjöbloms tre arenor
No full textThis study examines how two historically Eurosceptic Swedish parties, Miljöpartiet and Sverigedemokraterna, have reformulated their EU positions from Sweden’s accession in 1995 to the present. The aim is to develop a deeper understanding of when, how, and why these party lines have changed by analysing their positions through Gunnar Sjöblom’s model of party strategies in multiparty systems. The study employs a qualitative comparative case study design and conducts a theoretically guided qualitative content analysis of party programmes, parliamentary election manifestos, and European Parliament election manifestos across selected election years. The empirical material is coded and interpreted using Sjöblom’s three arenas, the internal arena, the voter arena, and the parliamentary arena, as the central analytical categories. The findings indicate that, in both parties, EU related positioning is closely tied to ideological self understanding and party unity, which helps explain why change tends to be gradual and is often framed as continuity rather than rupture. Miljöpartiet’s trajectory is characterised by a stepwise shift from principled system critique toward a more reform oriented and pragmatic stance, where the EU is increasingly presented as an instrument for advancing core party objectives, particularly in climate policy and human rights. Sverigedemokraterna, by contrast, display greater stability in their Eurosceptic core position, but with a strategic reframing over time, from a clearer exit orientation toward a selective reform agenda and an emphasis on intergovernmental cooperation, while later documents also signal the use of withdrawal as leverage. Overall, the study shows how the repositioning of Eurosceptic parties can be understood as strategic trade offs between internal legitimacy demands, voter oriented calculations, and parliamentary opportunities for influence in a political context where EU politics has become progressively more embedded in Swedish party competition
Mönster och variation i kommunalt informationssäkerhetsarbete : En analys av svenska kommuners informationssäkerhetspolicys
No full textHybridarbetets framväxt och påverkan : En kvalitativ studie om anställdas upplevelser av hybridarbete
No full textFollowing the Covid-19 pandemic, hybrid work became established as a form of work. Its potential impact on social cohesion in the workplace is considered concerning. The aim of this study is to investigate employees’ relationship with hybrid work, with emphasis on perceived group belonging and perceived performance in collaborations. Previous research is limited but has shown varying results regarding its impact. The theoretical framework is based on Goffman’s (1959; 1967) dramaturgical perspective, focusing on impression management, regions, appearance and facade, self-impression and everyday rituals. Blumer’s (1986) symbolic interactionism, with its focus on meaning, contributes to the framework by interpreting employees’ experiences of hybrid work as its own work form. This study, which is based on an abductive approach with qualitative semi-structured phone-interviews with hybrid workers, shows that this form of work is balanced. With an appropriate level of physical meetings, hybrid work can strengthen group cohesion by reducing irritation. Hybrid work balances traditional work forms. It enhances their advantages and compensates for their disadvantages. Hybrid work is perceived as facilitating work-life balance and increasing individual efficiency through flexibility and uninterrupted work. Concurrently, social aspects are maintained. Collaborations are generally perceived as well-functioning, but the dynamics of physical meetings cannot be replicated digitally and are therefore important. The performance of collaborations depends on factors such as experience and work tasks. Digital collaborations work best in smaller groups through video communication. Group cohesion is strongest in physical meetings, which are valued for getting to know colleagues.Efter Covid-19-pandemin befästes hybridarbete som arbetsform. Dess potentiella inverkan på arbetsplatsens sociala sammanhållning betraktas som oroväckande. Studiens syfte är att undersöka anställdas relation till hybridarbete med fokus på upplevelser av grupptillhörighet samt upplevd arbetsprestation i samarbeten. Tidigare forskning är begränsad men har visat varierande inverkan. Teoretiska ramverket utgår ifrån Goffmans (1959; 1967) dramaturgiska perspektiv med fokus på intrycksstyrning, regioner, framträdande och fasad, jagintryck och vardagslivets ritualer. Blumers (1986) symboliska interaktionism med fokus på mening bidrar till ramverket genom att tolka anställdas upplevelser av hybridarbete som egen arbetsform. Denna studie, som utgår från en abduktiv ansats med kvalitativa semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med hybridarbetare, visar att arbetsformen är balanserad. Med en lagom mängd fysiska möten kan hybridarbete stärka grupptillhörigheten då irritationsmoment minskar. Hybridarbete främjar fördelarna med de traditionella arbetsformerna samt kompenserar för nackdelarna. Hybridarbete upplevs underlätta livspusslet samt öka individuella arbetsprestationen med flexibilitet och ostört arbete. Samtidigt bibehålls sociala aspekter. Samarbetet fungerar generellt väl, men fysiska mötets dynamik går inte att replikera digitalt och är därför betydelsefullt. Samarbetets arbetsprestation beror på faktorer som erfarenhet och arbetsuppgift. Digitala samarbeten fungerar bäst i mindre grupper genom videokommunikation. Grupptillhörigheten är starkast vid fysiska möten, som värderas för att lära känna kollegor