10 research outputs found
Le peintre Adrien de Vries : Notices et documents /
No full textOverdruk uit: Bulletin RubensEuropeana-GoogleBook
Leituras dialógicas do grotesco: textos contemporâneos do excesso
Get PDFMikhail Bakhtin is unquestionably a fundamental reference in contemporary linguistic and literary studies where his Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics has become a landmark in the specific fields of dialogism and polyphony. Critics regard Rabelais and His World as a ground-breaking study of the grotesque, only equated with Wolfgang Kayser’s Das Groteske: Seine Gestaltung in Malerei und Dichtung. My analysis is based mainly on a Bakhtinian view of the grotesque which
is complemented by perspectives more directly related with the fields in question, postcolonialism and women’s literature. Among these are counted Mary Russo, Martha Reineke, Julia Kristeva and René Girard’s studies. The dialogical readings of the selected texts by Githa Hariharan, Salman Rushdie, Robert Coover, Ben Okri and Angela Carter reveal that
the grotesque is not only a philosophy and aesthetic abounding in postcolonial and women’s literature but also that it is a political tool and a powerful intervention force in the ongoing process of changing mentalities.Mikhail Bakhtin tornou-se para os recentes estudos linguísticos e literários uma referência fundamental e o seu aclamado Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics representa actualmente uma obra obrigatória do dialogismo e da polifonia. Além de Das Groteske: Seine Gestaltung in Malerei und
Dichtung de Wolfgang Kayser, deve considerar-se Rabelais and His World como uma das análises mais significativas na área do grotesco. O presente estudo baseia-se fundamentalmente numa fundamentação bakhtiniana do grotesco que é complementada por perspectivas que se tornam
particularmente pertinentes nas áreas literárias em questão, o pós-colonialismo e a literatura feminista / feminina. Entre outros contributos de índole ensaística, encontramos os estudos de Mary Russo, Martha Reineke, Julia Kristeva e René Girard. Lendo dialogicamente as
marcas dos textos de obras seleccionadas de Githa Hariharan, Salman Rushdie, Robert Coover, Ben Okri e Angela Carter demonstra-se que o grotesco é não só uma filosofia e estética abundante na literatura pós-colonial e feminista mas também um instrumento político e uma força interventiva na mudança de mentalidades
Intellectual Property Rights and South-North Formation of Global Innovation Networks
Get PDFWith the rise of the knowledge economy, delivering sound innovation policies requires a thorough understanding of how knowledge is produced and diffused. This paper takes a step to analyze a new form of globalization, the so-called system of Global Innovation Networks (GINs), to shed light on how the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) influences their creation and development. We focus on the role of IPR protection in fostering international innovative activities in emerging economies (South), such as China and India, and more generally, how IPRs affect the development of GINs between newly industrialized countries and OECD countries. Using both survey-based firm-level and country-level global data, we find IPRs to be an important determinant of participation in GINS from a Southern perspective. We find IPR protection at home and its harmonization across county pairs foster South-North formation of GINs. We also find that a stringent regime in the destination country discourages foreign international innovative activities that originate in NICs. Both levels of our analysis confirm the ICT industry, particularly the hardware segment, to rely on IPRs when engaging in the international outsourcing and offshoring of innovation or in patenting activities abroad.Gravity Model, Information Communication Technology, Innovation, Intellectual Property Rights, International collaborations, Networks
The devotional life : Catholic and Protestant translations of Thomas à Kempis' 'Imitatio Christi', c.1420-c.1620
No full textThe incorporation of the Imitatio by Protestant and Catholic reform movements
suggests important points of continuity between late medieval and early modem
religion, especially within the realm of spirituality. The study of the Imitatio is
testimony to the versatility of spirituality; it was accessible both to the laity and monks
and also to Protestants and Catholics. The ethical emphasis of the Imitatio, its
interiority, its simplicity and intended renewal in Christ, were vital to its endurance.
The text's accessibility was reinforced by the expansive nature of late medieval
and early modem translations. English and French translations of the Imitatio at the turn
of the sixteenth century reflected the concern for simplification, thereby simplifying the
text rather than providing an alternative interpretation. In the sixteenth century,
Protestant translators, grounded in the essential tenets of Lutheran theology, inevitably
revised or removed any explicitly Catholic elements of the Imitatio's spirituality.
Despite its apparent widespread appeal, the promotion of the Imitatio tended to
be undertaken by late medieval and early modem movements which had links with the
devotio moderna. The Imitatio was circulated in late medieval England and France by
individuals whose connections with the devotio moderna were marked. Indeed, a
similar trend was evident with the Protestant tradition of the text; Leo Jud, Caspar
Schwenckfeld and Sebastian Castellio were all directly or indirectly influenced by the
Brethren.
Most striking of all was the timing with which translations of the Imitatio
appeared. The translations by Caspar Schwenckfeld, Leo Jud, Edward Hake and
Thomas Rogers were undertaken at a critical stage of their respective Reformations.
Similarly, the Jesuits, traditionally viewed as the vanguards of the Counter-
Reformation, were deeply committed to the Imitatio. Devotional works were vital to the
maturing progress of Reformations, regardless of the confession. Spirituality was not a
peripheral, insignificant dimension of religion; it remained at the very centre of
Protestant and Catholic self-perception and identity
Functional selection in SH3-mediated activation of the PI3 kinase
No full textBioRxiv preprintABSTRACT The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), a heterodimeric enzyme, plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolism and survival. Its deregulation is associated with major human diseases, particularly cancer. The p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K binds to the catalytic p110 subunit via its C-terminal domains, stabilising it in an inhibited state. Certain Src homology 3 (SH3) domains can activate p110 by binding to the proline-rich (PR) 1 motif located at the N-terminus of p85. However, the mechanism by which this N-terminal interaction activates the C-terminally bound p110 remains elusive. Moreover, the intrinsically poor ligand selectivity of SH3 domains raises the question of how they can control PI3K. Combining structural, biophysical, and functional methods, we demonstrate that the answers to both these unknown issues are linked: PI3K-activating SH3 domains engage in additional “tertiary” interactions with the C-terminal domains of p85, thereby relieving their inhibition of p110. SH3 domains lacking these tertiary interactions may still bind to p85 but cannot activate PI3K. Thus, p85 uses a functional selection mechanism that precludes nonspecific activation rather than nonspecific binding. This separation of binding and activation may provide a general mechanism for how biological activities can be controlled by promiscuous protein-protein interaction domains
Blood CD 9 + B Cell, a biomarker of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation
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Blood gene expression predicts bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
No full textBronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, leads to poor long-term survival after lung transplantation. Identifying predictors of BOS is essential to prevent the progression of dysfunction before irreversible damage occurs. By using a large set of 107 samples from lung recipients, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of whole blood to identify early biomarkers of BOS, including samples from 49 patients with stable function for at least 3 years, 32 samples collected at least 6 months before BOS diagnosis (prediction group), and 26 samples at or after BOS diagnosis (diagnosis group). An independent set from 25 lung recipients was used for validation by quantitative PCR (13 stables, 11 in the prediction group, and 8 in the diagnosis group). We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed between stable and BOS recipients. Three genes, namely POU class 2 associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A), and B cell lymphocyte kinase, were validated as predictive biomarkers of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis, with areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively. These genes allow stratification based on BOS risk (log-rank test p < 0.01) and are not associated with time posttransplantation. This is the first published large-scale gene expression analysis of blood after lung transplantation. The three-gene blood signature could provide clinicians with new tools to improve follow-up and adapt treatment of patients likely to develop BOS
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
Get PDFIn 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
Blood Gene Expression Predicts Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome
No full textBronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, leads to poor long-term survival after lung transplantation. Identifying predictors of BOS is essential to prevent the progression of dysfunction before irreversible damage occurs. By using a large set of 107 samples from lung recipients, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of whole blood to identify early biomarkers of BOS, including samples from 49 patients with stable function for at least 3 years, 32 samples collected at least 6 months before BOS diagnosis (prediction group), and 26 samples at or after BOS diagnosis (diagnosis group). An independent set from 25 lung recipients was used for validation by quantitative PCR (13 stables, 11 in the prediction group, and 8 in the diagnosis group). We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed between stable and BOS recipients. Three genes, namely POU class 2 associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A), and B cell lymphocyte kinase, were validated as predictive biomarkers of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis, with areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively. These genes allow stratification based on BOS risk (log-rank test p < 0.01) and are not associated with time posttransplantation. This is the first published large-scale gene expression analysis of blood after lung transplantation. The three-gene blood signature could provide clinicians with new tools to improve follow-up and adapt treatment of patients likely to develop BOS
