L'Institut Agro Archives Ouverte
Not a member yet
4294 research outputs found
Sort by
Proteomic profile data of Klebsormidium nitens alga grown in control and saline conditions
No full textInternational audienceKlebsormidium nitens (K. nitens) is an alga of the charophyte class used as a model for studying the adaptation of plants to terrestrial life. Its genome has been completely sequenced and 16,215 protein-coding genes have been predicted. In this study, the proteome of K. nitens grown under standard conditions or after salt stress was investigated. A total of 1190 proteins were experimentally confirmed and 922 of them were classified according to their cellular location, molecular or biological function. Of these 922 proteins, 62 and 124 were specifically found in the control and salt-treated samples, respectively. However, no specific function or location could not be assigned on the basis of the primary sequences. A protein-protein interaction network based on the 124 proteins found in saline conditions was constructed using STRING analysis. All the data are accessible and are of interest for phycologists, as well as for evolutionary plant biologists, and provide a foundation for future studies investigating how K. nitens responds to salt stress
Solid and liquid fractions of digestate: manure or slurry just like any others?
No full textInternational audienceBiogas digestates are increasingly used as organic fertilizers. However, their impact on soil microbiota quality remains debated. Indeed, little is known about soil microbial communities responses to a given digestate depending on i) the fraction applied – whole (FYM_WD), liquid (FYM_LD), or solid (FYM_SD) – and/or ii) the physicochemical properties of the receiving soil. In a 42-day microcosm experiment, we applied different fractions of a same digestate to three soils with contrasting physicochemical and climatic characteristics and compared their effects on the abundance and diversity of the soil microbial communities. The experiment also included four additional treatments: cattle manure (CM), cattle slurry (CS), a mineral fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. Forty-two days after application, a significant ‘treatment’ effect was observed on soil microbial indicators for the two coarser-textured soils (P < 0.05). In the sandy loam-textured soil, FYM_SD resulted in a 40 % greater soil microbial biomass than FYM_WD or FYM_LD (P = 0.05). The effect of FYM_SD on soil microbial biomass was equivalent to that of CM or CS (P > 0.05), whereas the effect of FYM_LD more closely resembled that of CS. Moreover, FYM_SD input resulted in a significantly different prokaryotic community structure compared to FYM_LD-fertilized soil, but was equivalent to that of the CM-fertilized soil (P > 0.05). In the loam-textured soil, FYM_SD input resulted in a 20 % lower prokaryotic richness than FYM_LD. Similarly, the fungal community structure was affected the digestate fraction (P = 0.04), and the effects of FYM_SD and CM on fungal community structure were comparable (P > 0.05). Overall, these results demonstrate that digestate fraction influence soil microbial communities in a soil-type dependent manner
"PULSE FICTION" : Développement d'aliments et de recettes à base de légumineuses peu transformées afin de répondre aux besoins des consommateurs, des agriculteurs et d'améliorer la durabilité alimentaire
No full textInternational audiencePulses offer significant nutritional and environmental benefits and are useful components of healthier, more sustainable diets and global food security. However, their consumption in France remains low and below the world average. Farmers face economic and technical challenges in diversifying crops, and current domestic production is insufficient to meet this low demand, resulting in continued reliance on imports. Production and consumption are closely linked: low consumer demands limit incentives for farmers to expand cultivation, while limited availability can also constrain uptake. One of the major barriers to consumption relates to preparation and processing. While consumers generally view raw or minimally processed pulses positively, they often avoid using them because they perceive them as time‐consuming to prepare or associate them with undesirable sensory attributes (e.g., bitterness and astringency). It also might be difficult for consumers to categorize pulses according to their level of processing. Although pulse processing makes them more convenient for users, former studies suggest that consumers are suspicious about the processing of pulses, and that they may even confuse processing with ultra‐processing. This suspicion could sometimes lead to rejection by consumers. The process should thus remain moderate. Encouraging the use of minimally processed pulses, which balance convenience and acceptance, is crucial for wider adoption. The aim of the PULSE FICTION project is to develop minimally processed pulse products with pulses as the main ingredient that align with consumer preferences, farmer constraints and sustainability goals. A key innovation will be the selection of intermediate food products (IFPs) on the basis of consumer and farmer input and chef‐developed easy‐to‐make recipes. These products will be evaluated for their nutritional and sensory qualities, satiety, consumer acceptance and environmental impact. Beyond product development, PULSE FICTION explores the cognitive and sensory factors influencing consumer acceptability and designs effective communication strategies for all stakeholders to facilitate consumer adoption of pulse‐based foods
Rapid viral detection in milk using near infrared spectroscopy combined with Swiss knife partial least squares (SKPLS) 3-way multiblock
No full textInternational audienceHuman norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illnesses, necessitating rapid, reliable, and cost-effective quantification methods. Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) offers real-time analysis with minimal sample preparation. Two independent experiments, conducted 8 months apart in quadruplicate, produced 360 semi-skimmed milk measurement spiked with nine MS2 bacteriophage concentrations, a surrogate of human norovirus. Virus concentrations were modeled by 3-way partial least squares (PLS) regression correlating NIRS spectra with plaque-forming unit (PFU) measurements. A group-aware 5-fold cross-validation was applied to 72 sample groups using spectral pretreatments. The best performance was achieved with the extended multiplicative scatter correction (EMSC) and first derivative, yielding an R2 of 0.77 and 0.80 for validation. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated at 4.9 × 103 PFU/mL, close to literature values for virus quantification in complex matrices. These results highlight the feasibility of NIRS as a rapid, non-destructive, and reagent-free approach for viral quantification in food systems
The Delicate Balance of Wild Foods: Dietary Shifts and Market Integration among the Maijuna in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textFirst publication: 24 November 2025International audienceIn the Peruvian Amazon, wild foods remain vital for the Maijuna people’s diet, culture, and territorial connection. Based on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this chapter explores how wild foods—such as game meat, palm fruits, and insects—are used, consumed, and valued by the Maijuna, and how these practices are affected by integration into the regional market. It specifically focuses on game meat and the fruits of the aguaje palm (Mauritia flexuosa), as these are the most frequently commercialized wild foods. While wild foods continue to ensure subsistence and social reciprocity, their commercialization increasingly reconfigures local diets, prompting the Maijuna to adapt their consumption patterns. While they tend to sell the most profitable species and consume less game overall—relying more on fish—they retain certain animals and parts, such as monkeys, tapirs, heads, and tapir fat, for local consumption. These choices reflect not only economic constraints but also the strong symbolic value attributed to these foods. Similarly, while sustainable harvesting of aguaje fruits responds to ecological concerns and market demand, it also restricts access to palm weevil larvae, revealing a tension between conservation objectives and the preservation of Maijuna cultural practices
Sulfites Chemistry in Wines: From Reference Quantification Methods to More Sustainable Innovative Approaches
No full textInternational audienceSulfites are widely used as preservatives in winemaking due to their antioxidant, anti‐enzymatic, and antimicrobial properties. However, dietary sulfites have been linked to adverse reactions in sensitive individuals, especially those with asthma. The International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) adopted the OENO 09/1998 Resolution, which sets maximum sulfite limits according to wine types. It also recommends labeling when sulfite concentration exceeds 10 mg L −1 , the threshold above which adverse effects may occur in sensitive individuals. Current analytical methods for sulfite quantification in wine lack precision at low concentration levels (typically below 10 mg L −1 ). As an example, the official aeration‐oxidation (AO) method, also known as the Monier‐Williams method or the Frantz‐Paul method, even presents an error margin of approximately 10 mg L −1 , making the accurate determination of sulfites in wine a significant challenge. A comprehensive overview of the main analytical methods developed for sulfite quantification in wine is discussed, highlighting both those currently applied in the wine industry and more innovative approaches that have been explored primarily in the scientific literature. The review also includes a preliminary section on sulfite chemistry, which is essential for a better understanding of the behavior of corresponding compounds, including free and bound SO 2 species, within the complex matrix of wine. The rise of new methods that are more accurate, rapid, easy‐to‐use, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly presents valuable opportunities to enhance and optimize current sulfite management practices in winemaking. However, further development, validation, and standardization are still required before these new methods can be implemented in practice and commercialized
Reducing pesticide use through the adaptation of crop management strategies has little impact on farm economic performance
No full textInternational audienceAlthough necessary for environmental and human health reasons, pesticide use reduction has been limited, partly due to the perceived risk of lower farm economic performance in case of reduced pest control. Previous research, based on comparisons of farms with contrasted pesticide use, showed that low pesticide use is compatible with maintaining economic performances. However, these results may be suspected of being biased because the production context of the compared farms could differ slightly. Moreover, the economic feasibility to transition to farming systems with low pesticide input remains to be demonstrated on a large scale. We used a diachronic approach, monitoring over time 867 arable French farms classified into eight farm types according to their crop productions. Many farmers re-designed their cropping system during the monitoring period, and adopted measures reducing pest pressure, and therefore succeeded in reducing pesticide inputs. We studied the link between changes in pesticide use, driven by changes in pest management strategies, and two metrics of farm economic performance: gross product and gross margin, both expressed in euros per hectare. In all farm types, some farms were able to reduce pesticide use while maintaining economic performances. For most farms, no antagonism was found between pesticide use reduction and either gross margin or gross product. We bring additional evidence that farmers can reduce pesticide use without impacting these metrics of farm economic performances
Receptiveness of the wine industry to fungus-resistant grape varieties in the south of France
No full textInternational audienceThe adoption of fungus-resistant grape varieties (FRGs) represents a promising pathway for steering viticulture towards more sustainable production methods by reducing the use of phytosanitary inputs. At the time of writing, the dissemination of these varieties remains limited, partly due to constraints within the wine industry (i.e., cost of planting and cultivar limitations associated with Protected Designation of Origin).This study was conducted with commercial wines made from two types of grape: Vitis vinifera and FRGs. A panel of 96 participants from the wine industry in the Occitanie region (south of France) conducted sensory evaluations. The panel performed the evaluations both blind and having been informed about type of grape in a combination of short CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) sessions followed by questions exploring their interest in FRGs and expected plantations in the coming years.The results of the sensory analyses underlined the absence of any notable difference in liking or in the sensory profiles of the wines, whether tasted blind or not. Indeed, disclosure of the type of grape used to make the wines did not alter participants’ perceptions or evaluations. Furthermore, the analysis of questionnaire data revealed a typology of three adopter profiles: i) “sceptics”: older professionals from private wineries who were generally unfavourable towards the adoption of FRGs, ii) “receptives”: cooperative members who showed measured support for innovation, and iii) “observers”: young, non-decision-making individuals with heterogeneous opinions. This industry panel predicted that there could be 25 % of vineyard areas planted with FRGs in Occitanie within the coming 30 years.This study offers insights into the future adoption of this new plant material within the wine industry
Co-produire des connaissances et des outils pour des démarches préventives et opérationnelles en gestion agroécologique des adventices : Partie II. Conception et évaluation d'idéotypes variétaux et de systèmes de culture
No full textAccompagner l’évolution des systèmes agricoles vers une moindre dépendance aux produits phytopharmaceutiques en se concentrant sur les méthodes préventives et sur les évaluations élargies des pratiques de protection des cultures et en les appréciant à travers leur durabilité. Dans ce numéro, nous abordons la conception d’outils et de stratégies de prévention, le développement de méthodes de lutte non chimique contre différents ravageurs et pathogènes, ainsi que l’évaluation, la définition d’indicateurs, la diffusion et la structuration de pratiques, depuis l’échelle de la parcelle jusqu’à celle des territoires et des filières. Ces projets ont été financés dans le cadre des appels à projets Ecophyto Recherche & Innovation lancés en 2019 : - Les approches globales pour limiter l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques - Durabilité des systèmes de productions agricoles alternatifs évitant ou limitant l’utilisation des produits phytopharmaceutiques"National audienceLe projet COPRAA visait à produire avec des acteurs de terrain des connaissances, outils et démarches de gestion préventive opérationnelles pour les conseillers et agriculteurs afin de concilier production agricole, rentabilité économique, biodiversité et faible usage, voire absence, d'herbicides en grande culture. La partie I de cet article a présenté les expérimentations conduites sur les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation des adventice et les outils numériques développés. Ici sont présentés les essais au champ, les simulations avec le modèle FLORSYS et les ateliers de co-conception avec des conseillers et agriculteurs pour évaluer et concevoir des techniques culturales, des idéotypes variétaux et des systèmes de culture innovants pour la gestion agroécologique des adventices
Persistence of vegetative and sporulated forms of Clostridium perfringens exposed to air at different relative humidities
No full textInternational audienceC. perfringens, an anaerobic bacterium, is a common cause of food poisoning that can persist on surfaces in slaughterhouses. However, the mechanisms governing its survival in such environments – characterised by variations in relative air humidity (RAH) – remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of air exposure on C. perfringens survival and to identify the mechanisms responsible for its inactivation. Vegetative cells and spores of C. perfringens were deposited on inert surfaces and exposed to different RAH (11 %, 43 %, 75 %, 100 %) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, to assess the contributions of osmotic and oxidative effects induced by dehydration to cell death. At low RAH, more than 99 % of vegetative cells were inactivated within one day, regardless of oxygen presence. Epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that dehydration and rehydration disrupted membrane integrity, contributing to inactivation through lethal mechanical damage. At 100 % RAH, vegetative cells survived over 3 days under aerobic conditions (>1 %) and over 30 days under anaerobic conditions (>0.003 %). The composition of the dehydration medium had little effect on cell survival. In contrast, spores were much more resistant, with around 10 % survival after two months of stress in presence of oxygen, without any significant effect of dehydration. These results highlight the potential of exploiting RAH fluctuations to develop control strategies targeting C. perfringens vegetative cells. However, the extreme resilience of spores confirms the need for specific and targeted decontamination methods to eliminate them effectively