Portail HAL UNIV-RENNES
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L’approche par compétences en Éducation Physique et Sportive : analyse de l’activité et de l’expérience d’un élève en situation de classe
No full textInternational audienc
Des méthodes mixtes pour comprendre et expliquer la mise en œuvre différenciée d’une politique publique. Retour sur une enquête collective sur les politiques d’emploi des personnes en situation de handicap dans la fonction publique
No full textInternational audienceUsing mixed methods to understand and explain the differentiated implementation of public policy. A review of a collective study on employment policies for people with disabilities in the civil service. Relying on a twelve-year collective mixed-methods research process, this article examines the implementation of disability policy in matters of employment within the Civil Service. More precisely, this research seeks to understand and explain the differentiated appropriation of that public policy by individual institutions, through the mobilisation of an actor who has emerged as central: the “disability officer” (référent handicap). The article retraces this collective research process and highlights the contribution of the various methods used to build a body of knowledge around this research object. In an initial exploratory phase, the different qualitative studies conducted on the various forms taken by employment policies for disabled people made it possible to characterise the new figure of the “disability officer”. The second phase made it possible to objectify the heterogeneity of disability officers’ profiles and working conditions (level of qualification, age, scope of action, proportion of time devoted to the function, etc.) thanks to a statistical survey. This phase also measured the breadth of their missions and better identified the difficulties encountered (lack of time, need for training, feeling of isolation, need for recognition, etc.). Finally, the third phase, conducted as a complementary qualitative interview survey, deepened the understanding of professionals’ trajectories and modes of engagement, by identifying specific positions within institutions and working configurations that favour disability-employment policies.Résumé S’appuyant sur un processus de recherche collective en méthodes mixtes de douze années, cet article examine la mise en œuvre de la politique handicap en matière d’emploi dans la Fonction publique. Cette recherche vise plus précisément à comprendre et expliquer l’appropriation différenciée de cette politique publique selon les établissements, à travers la mobilisation d’un acteur apparu comme central : le « référent handicap ». L’article retrace ce processus de recherche collective et met en lumière l’apport des différentes méthodes mobilisées pour construire un corpus de connaissances autour de cet objet de recherche. Dans une première phase exploratoire, les différents travaux qualitatifs menés sur les déclinaisons des politiques d'emploi des personnes handicapées ont permis de caractériser la figure nouvelle du « référent handicap ». La deuxième phase a permis d’objectiver l’hétérogénéité des profils et des conditions de travail des référents handicap (niveau de diplôme, âge, périmètre d’action, quotité de temps dédié à la fonction…) grâce à une enquête statistique. Cette phase a également permis de mesurer l’étendue de leurs missions et de mieux cerner les difficultés rencontrées (manque de temps, besoin de formation, sentiment de solitude, besoin de reconnaissance…). Enfin, la troisième phase, menée sous la forme d’une enquête qualitative complémentaire par entretiens, a approfondi la compréhension des trajectoires et des modalités d’engagement des professionnels, en identifiant des positionnements spécifiques dans les établissements et des configurations de travail favorables aux politiques d’emploi des personnes handicapées
PM2.5, Black Carbon and NO2 associations with rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in adults: The Constances Cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Rhinitis and asthma often co-occur; however, studies on their associations with air pollution have always considered them separately.Objective: We investigated the association between long-term air pollution exposure and rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity in adults.Methods: Data at inclusion from Constances, a large French population-based adult cohort were used. Current Rhinitis (CR) and Current Asthma (CA) were defined by questionnaire. Annual exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) were estimated by linking participants' residential address to land-use regression models. Cross-sectional multinomial logistic regressions were performed between each air pollutant and CR alone, CA alone, and CR+CA (no-CR/no-CA being the reference) adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education level and French deprivation index.Results: Among the 177,968 participants included in the analyses (mean age: 47 yrs., 54% females), 111,108 (62%) were classified as no-CR/no-CA, 49,971 (28%) CR alone, 6,435 (4%) CA alone, and 10,454 (6%) CR+CA. One interquartile range (IQR) increase of BC and NO2 was significantly associated with the three phenotypes, with adjusted ORs from 1.04 to 1.13 for BC (IQR: 0.55 10-5.m-1), and from 1.06 to 1.14 for NO2 (IQR: 13.7 μg.m-3). For PM2.5, one IQR increase (4.09 μg.m-3) was significantly associated with CR alone and CR+CA. In all our analysis, the highest associations were observed for CR alone.Conclusion: Our results show that long-term air pollution is more associated with rhinitis alone or with asthma multimorbidity than with asthma alone
Machine Learning for highly oscillatory differential equations
No full textHighly oscillatory differential equations, commonly encountered in multi-scale problems, are often too complex to solve analytically. However, several numerical methods have been developed to approximate their solutions. Although these methods have shown their efficiency, the first part of the strategy often involves heavy pre-computations from averaging theory. In this paper, we leverage neural networks (machine learning) to approximate the vector fields required by the pre-computations in the first part, and combine this with micro-macro techniques to efficiently solve the oscillatory problem. We illustrate our work by numerical simulations.</div
Double conceptualisation du lexique du corps humain en espagnol : le cas des substantifs désignant la joue
No full textInternational audienceCo-referents abound in the Spanish bodily lexicon. We observe the recurrence of pairs of words used in the everyday language that appear at first glance to have no distinguishing criterio, such as mejilla and carrillo, the Castillian nouns for cheek. Could this be a case of double conceptualization of the body part, manifested in the concurrent use of two forms in contemporary Castilian? To explore this possibility, we cross-reference the results of a semantic analysis of attested examples with a submorphological analysis of the signifiers. The study reveals a correspondence between the clearly distinct contexts of use of the two terms identified in the first analysis and the conceptual domains specific to each signifier that emerge from the second.Les co-référentiels abondent dans le lexique du corps humain en espagnol. Nous constatons la récurrence de paires de mots utilisées dans le langage courant sans critère sémantique distinctif a priori, à l’image de mejilla et carrillo, les substantifs castillans désignant la joue. Aurait-on affaire à une double conceptualisation de la partie du corps qui se matérialise par l’emploi concurrent de deux formes en castillan contemporain ? Nous croiserons les résultats d’une analyse sémantique d’exemples attestés avec une analyse submorphologique des signifiants. L’étude fait apparaître une correspondance entre les contextes d’emploi bien distincts des deux termes que met en lumière la première analyse et les domaines notionnels propres à chaque signifiant qui ressortent de la seconde
