HAL-Paris 13
Not a member yet
33893 research outputs found
Sort by
Metal superflu. Les paradoxes de la médiocrité: Sociologie de l’art, no 35, 2025
No full textKeith Kahn-Harris, “Landfill Metal: the Ironies of Mediocrity”, in Toni-Matti Karjalainen & Kimi Kärki (Eds.), Modern Heavy Metal: Markets, Practices and Cultures, Helsinki & Turku, Aalto University & International Institute for Popular Culture, 2015, p. 434–44
New Safe Screening Rule for Fast Optimal Transport on Tree, Cycle and Cactus Graphs
No full textExisting approaches to discrete balanced Optimal Transport (OT) face some important challenges. While the optimal transport problem can be solved in polynomial time on Euclidean spaces and graphs, the best known strongly polynomial algorithms require superlinear time complexity. Recent methods, Sliced-OT and Tree-Sliced OT, reduce this time complexity by approximating data points on Euclidean spaces using simple graphs such as paths and trees, where closed-form expressions for OT enable more efficient computations. However, these graph structures are too simple and cannot capture topological features such as loops.In this work, we address both limitations by studying OT on simple cactus graphs, a class of graphs with loops that includes trees and cycles as special cases. Our main technical tool is a new safe screening rule, inspired by sparse optimization, for identifying zero entries in the OT plan on graphs. This rule allows us to characterize the structure of OT on graphs and leads to efficient computational methods. First, it provides a purely combinatorial proof of the closed-form expression for OT on trees, previously derived using Kantorovich duality theory. Second, it allows OT on a single cycle to be reformulated as a weighted median problem on a line, enabling an efficient solving method. Finally, we derive a decomposition formula for OT on cactus graphs by reducing the problem to computations on tree and cycle components. All the results show that OT on cactus graphs can be computed in linear time
Infection-related mortality in children in two European countries, 2015–2023: An interrupted time-series analysis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Infections remain a leading cause of childhood mortality. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) implemented during COVID-19 pandemic altered the circulation of communicable pathogens. We aimed to assess how these changes affected paediatric infection-related mortality. Methods: We conducted a population-based interrupted time-series analysis using national data from France and Switzerland (2015 to 2023), including deaths among individuals < 18 years. Monthly infectionrelated mortality was analysed using quasi-Poisson regression models seasonally adjusted. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were calculated to compare infection-related mortality among birth cohorts exposed to NPI or post-NPI periods versus pre-NPI cohorts. Results: Among 32,619 paediatric deaths during the study period, 8272 were related to an infection. During the NPI period, infection-related mortality declined by 16% (95% CI: -23% to -7%), corresponding to an estimated reduction of 221 (95% CI: 90 to 371) deaths. Compared to pre-NPI birth cohorts, 2019 and 2020 cohorts had significantly lower infection-related MRR (0•80, 95% CI 0•66 to 0•98 and 0•80, 95% CI 0•65 to 0•98). Conclusion:The reduction in paediatric infection-related deaths during the NPI period underscores the ongoing burden of preventable paediatric mortality and suggests that targeted preventive strategies may sustainably reduce infection-related deaths beyond pandemic settings.</div
Efficacy and safety of second-line treatments in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer progressing on osimertinib without identified targetable resistance mechanism at progression
No full textInternational audienc
Consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the health of immigrants and native-born people in France
No full textInternational audienc
Oxygen in diamond: Thermal stability of ST1 spin centres and creation of oxygen-pair complexes
No full textInternational audienc
Role of Cefiderocol in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Nonfermenting Gram-Negative Bacilli (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) Infections: An Expert Statement
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Infections caused by nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NF-GNB), particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially among critically ill or immunocompromised patients. The rise of multidrug resistance has rendered many first-line antibiotics ineffective, highlighting the need for novel agents such as cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin with unique pharmacokinetics and broad in vitro activity against resistant gram-negative pathogens.Methods: A multidisciplinary panel of French experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, pharmacology, and intensive care reviewed the available evidence and clinical experience of cefiderocol. Using a structured consensus process, the group developed pragmatic, expert-based recommendations for its use against A. baumannii, S. maltophilia, and P. aeruginosa, considering clinical scenarios, resistance mechanisms, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) optimization, and practical implementation.Results: Cefiderocol demonstrates potent in vitro activity against NF-GNB, including colistin- and imipenem-resistant isolates. Clinical success, however, depends on optimized PK/PD exposure, particularly in high-inoculum infections or patients with augmented renal clearance. Cohort studies and meta-analyses suggest lower mortality and markedly reduced nephrotoxicity compared with colistin-based regimens in A. baumannii infections. For S. maltophilia, cefiderocol shows consistently low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and serves as a reliable alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or fluoroquinolones. Against P. aeruginosa, it retains high in vitro activity and should be considered after failure of newer β-lactams, with caution in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing isolates. Continuous infusion and early therapeutic drug monitoring are encouraged to maximize efficacy.Conclusions: Cefiderocol is a valuable therapeutic option for severe NF-GNB infections when conventional agents fail. Its use should be guided by pathogen-specific MICs and PK/PD-based dosing. The expert panel underscores the importance of early microbiological diagnosis, susceptibility testing, and optimized administration to achieve maximal clinical benefit while preserving cefiderocol's role within antimicrobial stewardship
Association between physical activity with disease activity and functional disability in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground and aims: The impact of Physical activity (PA) on the activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear.Patients and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study included consecutive patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC). PA was assessed using the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. PA was classified as low, medium or high PA. PA was also assessed according to WHO recommendations. IBD activity was evaluated using PRO-2, while IBD-related disability was assessed with the IBD-disk questionnaire.Results: Among a total of 2514 patients (1715 CD), only 28.8% met the WHO recommendations on PA (49.8% had low PA, 35.2% had medium PA, and 15.0% had high PA). Medium and high PA levels were associated with a higher rate of patient-reported clinical remission in patients with CD (OR 1.30 [1.08-1.57] for medium PA, and 1.33 [1.03-1.72] for high PA vs. low PA; p-trend=0.02) but not in those with UC. Higher PA levels were associated with less IBD-related disability in both CD, and UC.Conclusion: In a large cohort of IBD patients, moderate and high PA was associated with higher rates of clinical remission in patients with CD and lower IBD-related disability in both CD and UC patients
Microbubbles for Acoustically Mediated Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear
No full textInternational audienceThe blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB) is a seleccve endothelial barrier that maintains the homeostasis of the inner ear and protects it against toxic molecules and pathogens. This highly seleccve barrier represents a significant challenge for the delivery of therapeucc agents to the inner ear. To overcome this issue, various drug delivery methods have been developed. Among these modalices, microbubble-assisted ultrasound is an innovacve and promising method for the non-invasive, targeted and efficient delivery of therapeucc agents through the round window membrane. The safety and the efficacy of this physical modality is strongly dependent of physiological properces of the targeted cssue, the pharmacological properces of the therapeucc molecules, the ultrasound parameters but also microbubble-related properces. The present review focuses on the current state of MB formulacons and their use for the acousccally mediated inner ear drug delivery