7 research outputs found
Isomorfisme Institusional LPSK dalam Penegakan Hak Rehabilitasi Psikososial Korban Tindak Pidana di Indonesia
No full textThis study explains how isomorphism develops in the Indonesian Witness and Victim Protection Agency (Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban-LPSK) and contributes to stronger coordination among institutions in administering psychological services for crime victims in Indonesia. This study employs an organizational sociology approach with an isomorphism perspective to determine the robustness of institutions' roles and relationships in providing psychosocial care to crime victims. Using the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in conjunction with Textual Network Analysis (TNA), this study discovered that coercive isomorphism in government organizations is the primary driving factor behind mimetic and normative isomorphism, whereas stereotyped isomorphism drives the private sector. Isomorphism emerges to give psychosocial services to victims of criminal crimes, namely as a result of reinforcement from Law Number 31 of 2014 on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims. This reinforcement prompted mimetic isomorphism in many forms of cooperation, and as a result, normatively, it is feasible to claim that LPSK has evolved into a professional institution in delivering psychological rights services to victims of criminal crimes. Furthermore, this study makes recommendations on the role of state institutions and cooperative institutions in satisfying the rights of crime victims in Indonesia, particularly psychosocial assistance.Riset ini menjelaskan bagaimana isomorfisme terjadi di Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban Indonesia serta membantu memperkuat kerja sama antar lembaga dalam melaksanakan layanan psikososial bagi korban tindak pidana di Indonesia. Riset ini akan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi organisasi dengan sudut pandang isomorfisme karena mampu melihat kekuatan peran dan relasi institusi dalam melaksanakan layanan psikososial bagi korban tindak pidana. Dengan menggunakan Soft Systems Metodology (SSM) yang dikombinasikan dengan Textual Network Analysis (TNA) studi ini menemukan bahwa isomorfisme koersif di instansi pemerintah menjadi pendorong utama dalam memunculkan isomorfisme mimetik dan normatif sedangkan sektor privat terdorong oleh stereotypical isomorfism. Selain itu studi ini memberikan rekomendasi terkait peran institusi negara dan kolaborasi antar institusi kerjasama dalam pemenuhan hak-hak korban tindak pidana di Indonesia terutama psikososial
« Écrire les camps » en Arménie soviétique : <i>Barbelés en fleurs</i> de Gourguen Mahari
No full textGourguen Mahari (1903–1969) est l’un des écrivains les plus marquants de la littérature de l’Arménie soviétique. Dans sa jeunesse, il participa activement aux mouvements intellectuels de la capitale, brièvement présentés dans ce travail, avant de tomber en disgrâce, en 1936, et d’être déporté dans les camps du Goulag, d’où il ne put rentrer qu’après la mort de Staline. Cet article porte sur Barbelés en fleurs, une œuvre écrite en 1965 et issue des longues années passées par l’écrivain dans les camps. Censurée en Arménie soviétique, elle fut publiée pour la première fois en diaspora (Beyrouth et Paris), en 1971–1973, et seulement en 1988 en Arménie, dans le contexte de la perestroïka. Cet article analyse les plans narratifs de Barbelés en fleurs et les procédés d’écriture employés par Mahari en les comparant avec les choix d’écriture adoptés par d’autres écrivains, non arméniens, pour « écrire les camps ». Une lecture croisée avec une deuxième œuvre majeure de Mahari, Vergers en feu, sur l’autodéfense de la ville de Van en 1915, s’est révélée fondamentale. Dans les deux ouvrages, l’auteur fait recours au dialogisme et à la réfraction pour faire entendre une pluralité de voix et de perspectives. L’article rappelle aussi quelques aspects des interdictions qui ont frappé la littérature arméno-soviétique, non seulement au nom de l’idéologie du Parti, mais aussi du discours officiel arménien sur l’histoire de la libération des Arméniens de l’Empire ottoman. La censure arménienne ne pardonna pas à Mahari d’avoir montré le mouvement révolutionnaire arménien, dans Vergers en feu, sous l’angle de la déshéroïsation et de la désacralisation.Gurgen Mahari (1903–1969) is one of the most important writers in the literature of Soviet Armenia. In his youth, he was an active participant in the intellectual movements of the capital, briefly presented in this paper, before falling into disgrace in 1936 and being deported to the Gulag camps, from which he could only return after Stalin’s death. This article focuses on Barbed Wires in Blossom, a work written in 1965 and resulting from the writer’s long years in the camps. Censored in Soviet Armenia, it was first published in the diaspora (Beirut and Paris) in 1971–1973, and only in 1988 in Armenia, in the context of perestroika. This article analyses the narrative plans of Barbed Wires in Blossom and the writing processes employed by Mahari by comparing them with the writing choices adopted by other non-Armenian writers to “write the camps”. A cross-reading with Mahari’s second major work, Burning Orchards, about the self-defence of the city of Van in 1915, proved to be fundamental. In both works, the author makes use of dialogism and refraction, to make a plurality of voices and perspectives heard. The article also recalls some aspects of the bans on Armenian-Soviet literature, not only in the name of party ideology, but also of the official Armenian discourse on the history of the liberation of the Armenians from the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian censors did not forgive Mahari for showing the Armenian revolutionary movement, in Burning Orchards, from the perspective of deheroisation and desacralisati
« Écrire les camps » en Arménie soviétique : Barbelés en fleurs de Gourguen Mahari
No full textGurgen Mahari (1903–1969) is one of the most important writers in the literature of Soviet Armenia. In his youth, he was an active participant in the intellectual movements of the capital, briefly presented in this paper, before falling into disgrace in 1936 and being deported to the Gulag camps, from which he could only return after Stalin’s death. This article focuses on Barbed Wires in Blossom, a work written in 1965 and resulting from the writer’s long years in the camps. Censored in Soviet Armenia, it was first published in the diaspora (Beirut and Paris) in 1971–1973, and only in 1988 in Armenia, in the context of perestroika. This article analyses the narrative plans of Barbed Wires in Blossom and the writing processes employed by Mahari by comparing them with the writing choices adopted by other non-Armenian writers to “write the camps”. A cross-reading with Mahari’s second major work, Burning Orchards, about the self-defence of the city of Van in 1915, proved to be fundamental. In both works, the author makes use of dialogism and refraction, to make a plurality of voices and perspectives heard. The article also recalls some aspects of the bans on Armenian-Soviet literature, not only in the name of party ideology, but also of the official Armenian discourse on the history of the liberation of the Armenians from the Ottoman Empire. The Armenian censors did not forgive Mahari for showing the Armenian revolutionary movement, in Burning Orchards, from the perspective of deheroisation and desacralisation.Gourguen Mahari (1903–1969) est l’un des écrivains les plus marquants de la littérature de l’Arménie soviétique. Dans sa jeunesse, il participa activement aux mouvements intellectuels de la capitale, brièvement présentés dans ce travail, avant de tomber en disgrâce, en 1936, et d’être déporté dans les camps du Goulag, d’où il ne put rentrer qu’après la mort de Staline. Cet article porte sur Barbelés en fleurs, une œuvre écrite en 1965 et issue des longues années passées par l’écrivain dans les camps. Censurée en Arménie soviétique, elle fut publiée pour la première fois en diaspora (Beyrouth et Paris), en 1971–1973, et seulement en 1988 en Arménie, dans le contexte de la perestroïka. Cet article analyse les plans narratifs de Barbelés en fleurs et les procédés d’écriture employés par Mahari en les comparant avec les choix d’écriture adoptés par d’autres écrivains, non arméniens, pour « écrire les camps ». Une lecture croisée avec une deuxième œuvre majeure de Mahari, Vergers en feu, sur l’autodéfense de la ville de Van en 1915, s’est révélée fondamentale. Dans les deux ouvrages, l’auteur fait recours au dialogisme et à la réfraction pour faire entendre une pluralité de voix et de perspectives. L’article rappelle aussi quelques aspects des interdictions qui ont frappé la littérature arméno-soviétique, non seulement au nom de l’idéologie du Parti, mais aussi du discours officiel arménien sur l’histoire de la libération des Arméniens de l’Empire ottoman. La censure arménienne ne pardonna pas à Mahari d’avoir montré le mouvement révolutionnaire arménien, dans Vergers en feu, sous l’angle de la déshéroïsation et de la désacralisation
Hegemony and Domination in Marjane Satrpi’s Persepolis.
No full textSociety is complex place, people from different background such as culture, religion, race and gender gather there. From those differences a society can survive because those people have the same interest. The survival of community is because of the same interest from the members of the society. The same interest that bound them somehow gave birth to the views or the provisions that bind its members, such as norms or ideology. Ideology somehow can be like a rope in society that ties the members of the society to stay together as a herd. Because ideology has a very important role in society many people or groups in society want to use it as a tool in control other people in society. Because ideology binds the society, so someone who can control ideology that is believed in society, he will be a leader of the society. To know the battle of ideology in a society, Cultural Studies can be an appropriate approach because cultural studies focuses its analysis on power and politic. Politic can be said as the way to get access in controlling society and power can be said as “controller” in a society. Cultural studies uses Hegemony and Domination as the main approaches because hegemony and domination are one of the most effective tools to spread and control ideologies in a society. Hegemony enables to spread ideologies to other without any coarsen at all. It works through persuasion and repetition because ideology is dynamic and changes from time to time. And domination works through state apparatuses, so people in a society tend to take the ideologies that are spread for granted. Domination also enables to use direct action or coarsen in spreading, control and defend certain ideologies. By those approaches, the writer of the thesis analyses Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis because this biography comic book tells about the Islamic regime in Iran that tries to defend their power by spreading ideologies through hegemony and domination. Hegemony and domination take a very vital part for regime to spread and defend their ideologies to change Iran into Islamic country. To success their goal, regime has to have support from all Iranian, so they use hegemony and domination to control the ideologies of Iranian to support them. This thesis takes Marjane Satrapi‟s point of view, a writer and an author who was born from western educational system and lives in France, that tends to put Islam in the corner
Predicting adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention to HIV care : effects of baseline biopsychosocial status and neuropsychological functioning
No full textThese drugs have demonstrated efficacy in improving immune function and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and while a cure is not available, patients on treatment may live longer, healthier lives. However, early optimism has been tempered by the growing recognition that meticulous adherence is a prerequisite for optimal clinical response and prevention of drug resistance
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
No full textAbstract: Background Health system planning requires careful assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) epidemiology, but data for morbidity and mortality of this disease are scarce or non-existent in many countries. We estimated the global, regional, and national burden of CKD, as well as the burden of cardiovascular disease and gout attributable to impaired kidney function, for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017. We use the term CKD to refer to the morbidity and mortality that can be directly attributed to all stages of CKD, and we use the term impaired kidney function to refer to the additional risk of CKD from cardiovascular disease and gout. Methods The main data sources we used were published literature, vital registration systems, end-stage kidney disease registries, and household surveys. Estimates of CKD burden were produced using a Cause of Death Ensemble model and a Bayesian meta-regression analytical tool, and induded incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, mortality, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). A comparative risk assessment approach was used to estimate the proportion of cardiovascular diseases and gout burden attributable to impaired kidney function. Findings Globally, in 2017,1.2 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.2 to 1.3) people died from CKD. The global all-age mortality rate from CKD increased 41.5% (95% UI 35.2 to 46.5) between 1990 and 2017, although there was no significant change in the age-standardised mortality rate (2.8%, -1.5 to 6.3). In 2017,697.5 million (95% UI 649.2 to 752.0) cases of all-stage CKD were recorded, for a global prevalence of 9.1% (8.5 to 9.8). The global all-age prevalence of CKD increased 29.3% (95% UI 26.4 to 32.6) since 1990, whereas the age-standardised prevalence remained stable (1.2%, -1.1 to 3.5). CKD resulted in 35.8 million (95% UI 33.7 to 38.0) DALYs in 2017, with diabetic nephropathy accounting for almost a third of DALYs. Most of the burden of CKD was concentrated in the three lowest quintiles of Socio-demographic Index (SDI). In several regions, particularly Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the burden of CKD was much higher than expected for the level of development, whereas the disease burden in western, eastern, and central sub-Saharan Africa, east Asia, south Asia, central and eastern Europe, Australasia, and western Europe was lower than expected. 1.4 million (95% UI 1.2 to 1.6) cardiovascular disease-related deaths and 25.3 million (22.2 to 28.9) cardiovascular disease DALYs were attributable to impaired kidney function. Interpretation Kidney disease has a major effect on global health, both as a direct cause of global morbidity and mortality and as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. CKD is largely preventable and treatable and deserves greater attention in global health policy decision making, particularly in locations with low and middle SDI. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
No full textBackground: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI).
Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate.
Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75.2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71.9-78.6) for females and 72.0 years (68.8-75.1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45.6 years [42.0-49.5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41.5 years [39.0-44.0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6.24 years (5.97-6.48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6.04 years (5.74-6.27) for males and 6.49 years (6.08-6.77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1.78 years (1.61-1.93) for males and 1.96 years (1.69-2.13) for females. Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2016 (-2.3% [-5.9 to 0.9]), with decreases in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disease DALYs offset by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The exemplars, calculated as the five lowest ratios of observed to expected age-standardised DALY rates in 2016, were Nicaragua, Costa Rica, the Maldives, Peru, and Israel. The leading three causes of DALYs globally were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and lower respiratory infections, comprising 16.1% of all DALYs. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most CMNN causes decreased from 1990 to 2016. Conversely, the total DALY burden rose for most NCDs; however, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined globally.
Interpretation: At a global level, DALYs and HALE continue to show improvements. At the same time, we observe that many populations are facing growing functional health loss. Rising SDI was associated with increases in cumulative years of life lived with disability and decreases in CMNN DALYs offset by increased NCD DALYs. Relative compression of morbidity highlights the importance of continued health interventions, which has changed in most locations in pace with the gross domestic product per person, education, and family planning. The analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework with which to benchmark location-specific health performance. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform health policies, health system improvement initiatives, targeted prevention efforts, and development assistance for health, including financial and research investments for all countries, regardless of their level of sociodemographic development. The presence of countries that substantially outperform others suggests the need for increased scrutiny for proven examples of best practices, which can help to extend gains, whereas the presence of underperforming countries suggests the need for devotion of extra attention to health systems that need more robust support
