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Penggunaan Law Analyzer dalam Pengharmonisasian Rancangan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan : Senjakala Jabatan Fungsional Perancang Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
No full textThe existence of artificial intelligence technology (artificial intelligence) has brought significant changes in various fields, including laws and regulations, in addition to providing convenience but AI also has the potential to be a threat to the human profession. One of them is the presence of law analyzer, as one of the AI-based innovations, capable of analyzing, harmonizing, and providing recommendations for improvement in draft laws and regulations efficiently and accurately which can affect the role of the drafters of laws and regulations. The research method used is sociological research with qualitative analysis, sociological and comparative approaches. This study aims to explore the impact of the use of law analyzer on the role and function of functional positions of legislative drafters. The results of the study show that although law analyzer can improve the speed and quality of the regulatory harmonization process, its existence also raises concerns about the shift in the role of Legislative Drafters. AI technology has the potential to take over tasks previously performed by humans, so Legislative Drafter are required to upgrade skills so that they are not replaced by the presence of AI.Eksistensi teknologi kecerdasan buatan (artificial intelligence) telah membawa perubahan signifikan dalam berbagai bidang, termasuk hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan, selain memberikan kemudahan tetapi AI juga berpotensi menjadi ancaman bagi profesi manusia. Salah satunya, kehadiran law analyzer, sebagai salah satu inovasi berbasis AI, mampu menganalisis, mengharmonisasi, dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan pada rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan secara efisien dan akurat yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap peran perancang peraturan perundang-undangan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian sosiologis dengan analisis kualitatif dan pendekatan komparatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dampak penggunaan law analyzer terhadap peran dan fungsi jabatan fungsional perancang peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun law analyzer dapat meningkatkan kecepatan dan kualitas dalam proses harmonisasi peraturan, keberadaannya juga menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan tergesernya peran perancang peraturan perundang-undangan. Teknologi AI memiliki potensi untuk mengambil alih tugas-tugas yang sebelumnya dilakukan oleh manusia, sehingga para perancang dituntut untuk melakukan upgrade skill agar tidak tergantikan dengan kehadiran AI
Model Aksi Afirmatif Pemenuhan Hak Masyarakat Adat di Kawasan Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN)
No full textThe decision to build a new capital on the Kalimantan Island called Nusantara caused various conflicts, such as the neglect and marginalization of indigenous peoples and the ignoring of their certainty of access and meaningful participation. This paper explains how the substance of the Nusantara Capital development regulation is to provide full protection to Indigenous peoples or vice versa, how it impacts the protection of Indigenous people's rights, as well as how the affirmative action model fulfills the rights of Indigenous peoples in the Nusantara Capital area. Through a socio-legal approach as the method, the results of the study found that the constitution has regulated the recognition of indigenous peoples, but in the substance of regulations related to the Nusantara capital, the phrases that regulate are very weak. The phrases used do not explicitly ensure the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, which has an impact on various neglect of the existence of indigenous peoples. As a result, a model of affirmative action is needed for indigenous peoples in the regulation of the Nusantara capital. This includes ensuring access for indigenous peoples to be involved in policymaking. Furthermore, transparency of information in the development of the Nusantara capital is important to formulate policies that accommodate the protection and fulfillment of the rights of indigenous peoples. It is important to ensure the recognition of indigenous peoples and their living space through an affirmative action model regulated by the head of the Nusantara capital authority. Keputusan untuk membangun ibu kota baru di Pulau Kalimantan yang disebut Nusantara menimbulkan berbagai konflik, seperti penelantaran dan marginalisasi masyarakat adat serta pengabaian kepastian akses dan partisipasi yang bermakna bagi mereka. Tulisan ini menjelaskan bagaimana substansi pengaturan pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara memberikan perlindungan penuh kepada masyarakat adat atau sebaliknya, bagaimana dampaknya terhadap perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat, serta bagaimana model tindakan afirmatif pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat adat di kawasan Ibu Kota Nusantara. Melalui pendekatan sosio-legal sebagai metodenya, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa konstitusi telah mengatur pengakuan masyarakat adat, namun dalam substansi pengaturan terkait Ibu Kota Nusantara, frasa yang mengatur sangat lemah. Frasa-frasa yang digunakan tidak secara eksplisit menjamin perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat, yang mengakibatkan pengabaian dan marginalisasi masyarakat adat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan model tindakan afirmatif bagi masyarakat adat dalam pengaturan Ibu Kota Nusantara. Hal ini mencakup jaminan akses bagi masyarakat adat untuk terlibat dalam pengambilan kebijakan. Selain itu, transparansi informasi dalam pembangunan Ibu Kota Nusantara penting untuk merumuskan kebijakan yang secara efektif mengakomodasi perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat adat. Penting juga untuk menjamin pengakuan terhadap masyarakat adat dan ruang hidupnya melalui model tindakan afirmatif yang diatur oleh kepala otoritas ibu kota nusantara
Indonesian Travel Documents and the ICAO Document 9303: Principles, Security, Technology, and Infrastructure
No full textThe issuance, printing, production, and distribution standards of Indonesian travel documents refer to international standards of travel documents and the Regulation of Minister of Law and Human Rights. However, significant issues have risen that the Indonesian passport holders without the bearer’s signature who applied for German visa were rejected by the Embassy of Federal Republic of Germany in Jakarta. Besides, the stolen and lost Indonesian Passport policy is fragmented between the Indonesian National Police, Immigration offices and the Interpol. Using the document analysis and policy evaluation, this paper investigates the issuance standards of Indonesian travel documents under the ICAO Document 9303 about Travel Documents and the policy and management of the stolen and lost Indonesian travel documents. This study shows the Indonesian travel documents have not fully complied with the ICAO Doc 9303 in which the bearer’s signature is a compulsory either in the biodata page or in additional pages. Data of stolen and lost Indonesian Passport have not been recorded in the Interpol Stolen and Lost Travel Documents (SLTD) database. We propose the infrastructure of the security, cooperation, and management of the SLTD, and all Indonesian travel documents must be redesigned and equipped with the chip features
Penggunaan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) sebagai Bahan Pertimbangan Putusan Hakim dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia
No full textThis study evaluates the integration of artificial intelligence in the judicial processes, focusing on how technology can promote fairness in the Indonesian Criminal Justice system, where there are no specific guidelines for using AI in legal proceedings. The research follows a normative legal approach, analyzing laws and court cases and comparative methods using various legal sources and qualitative analysis methods. The findings reveal that incorporating AI in the judge's decision-making process aids in assessing information and data, facilitating optimal, effective, and efficient decision-making. On the other hand, incorporating AI into the decision-making process of judges within the Criminal Justice System implies that judges act as a smaller version of the system itself, considering various factors such as examination records, charges, and real-life circumstances impacted by social, cultural, and economic elements. Ultimately, integrating AI into the evidential process for judicial decision-making aims to align the criminal justice system with factual situations and the goals of punishment. It is recommended that the use of AI in legal proceedings should not only focus on algorithm-based legal aspects but also take into account non-legal aspects such as humanitarian, social, and economic conditions that contribute to criminal activities. This holistic approach is crucial for ensuring alignment in the Criminal Justice System to uphold legal, moral, and societal justice. The role of the Supreme Court is no exception in providing guidance and supervision of Judges regarding the use of technology, including legal legalization, while still paying attention to law, ethics, social values , and just legal principles.Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan Artificial Intelegent (AI) sebagai bahan pertimbangan Hakim dengan memperhatikan evolusi atau perkembangan teknologi untuk mewujudkan putusan hukum yang berkeadilan dalam sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia, mengingat belum ada peraturan yang spesifikasi mengatur penggunaan AI dalam putusan pengadilan. Studi ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan normatif, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan perbandingan menggunakan berbagai jenis bahan hukum serta analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah penggunaan AI sebagai bahan pertimbangan putusan Hakim berisikan pertimbangan, menginvetarisir informasi dan data sehingga mempermudah hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan secara optimal, efektif dan efisien. Sedangkan sinkronisasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana dengan penggunaan AI dalam putusan Hakim menuju hukum yang berkeadilan adalah Hakim sebagai sub-Sistem Peradilan Pidana, dimana putusan Hakim seharusnya memperhatikan berita acara pemeriksaan, dakwaan dan kondisi faktual yang dipengaruhi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan AI akan mempermudah dalam sistem sistem pembuktian oleh Hakim sebagai pertimbangan dalam pengambilan putusan dan sinkronisasi sistem peradilan pidana harus sesuai kondisi faktual serta tujuan pemidanaan. Sarannya, penggunaan AI yang memuat aspek juridis berdasarkan algoritma dengan mengesampingkan aspek non-juridis (aspek humanitis, kondisi sosial, ekonomi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya tindak pidana) perlu dipertimbangkan agar terdapat sinkronisasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana untuk mewujudkan legal justice, moral justice dan social justice. Dibutuhkan peran Mahkamah Agung dalam melakukan pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap Hakim sehubungan pemanfaatan AI termasuk legalisasi hukumnya dengan tetap memperhatikan hukum, etika, nilai-nilai sosial dan prinsip hukum yang berkeadilan
Presidential Decree Number 62 of 2023: Distortion Regulation or Acceleration Solution for Agrarian Reform?
No full textThe implementation of Presidential Decree No. 62 of 2023 has substantively attempted to integrate several regulations at technically applicable level; however, on the other hand, it still raises several problems, particularly in relation to the provision of land for agrarian reform objects, land originating from forest areas. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of Presidentialial Decree No. 62 of 2023 as the latest regulation regarding the acceleration of agrarian reform activities in Indonesia as an effort to recognize that land is the greatest source of wealth for people as ordered by the constitution. To analyze the problem, the method used is type study law normative. One of the factors inhibiting agrarian reform from seeming slow in creating just and prosperous land is the dis-harmonization of regulations, that cause legal gaps. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory regulation approach. The sectoral egos and legal gaps can be put aside and released to joint policies between related institutions, and agrarian reform can achieve its main essence; namely making land a source of the greatest prosperity for people. The results show that regulatory disharmony has narrowed the space for implementing agrarian reform. The advice given in this paper is to create an acceleration of agrarian reform that is right on target in accordance with the targets set, all implementing stakeholders must comply with the norms set out in the Presidential Decree in question. Thus, it is feared that Presidential Decree No. 62 of 2023 will become a regulatory distortion, even though its implementation aimed to provide a regulatory solution in the context of accelerating agrarian reform in Indonesia
Promosi Ikatan Sosial Berkelanjutan berdasarkan Perspektif Konstitusi Indonesia
No full textSocial bonds are one of the types of bonds based on available themes regulated in POJK No 18 of 2023. The drafting of POJK 18/2023 did not consider regulations from either a theoretical or constitutional perspective, which should be the main consideration for any legislative regulation. This article is the result of research aimed at finding arguments and constitutional rationality related to the regulation of social bonds, sustainable bonds, and sustainability-related bonds. As a result, research on the constitutional analysis of Indonesia's social securities regulation becomes highly important, considering that the constitution serves as the source of legitimacy or the foundation of `authorization for laws and regulations beneath it. According to universal legal principles, laws and regulations that are subordinate to the constitution must not contradict higher laws This is where the concept of legal hierarchy and regulations becomes necessary, so that regulations do not conflict with those above them in the hierarchy, including the highest point, which is the constitution. The research method used in this study is normative exploratory legal research with a constitutional approach and a conceptual approach. It is clear that this article will closely examine several areas of social bond regulation from the perspective of the Indonesian Constitution .The research findings reveal juridical arguments and rationality that, as a welfare-oriented state in its constitution and born from its collectivist cultural background, social bond regulation aligns with the principles of the constitution applicable in Indonesia.Ikatan sosial merupakan salah satu jenis yang diatur berdasarkan tema yang tersedia dalam POJK No 18 Tahun 2023. Penyusunan POJK 18/2023 tidak mempertimbangkan peraturan dari sudut pandang teoretis atau konstitusional, yang seharusnya menjadi pertimbangan utama dalam setiap peraturan perundang-undangan. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menemukan argumentasi dan konstitusional rasionalitas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif eksploratif penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan ketatanegaraan dan pendekatan konseptual. Menurut asas hukum universal, peraturan perundang-undangan berada di bawahnya terhadap Konstitusi tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih tinggi. Di sinilah tempat Konsep hierarki hukum dan peraturan menjadi diperlukan untuk itu peraturan tidak bertentangan dengan yang diatasnya, termasuk yang tertinggi intinya, Konstitusi. Artikel ini akan membahas secara dekat beberapa bidang pengaturan ikatan sosial dalam perspektif Konstitusi Indonesia.Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan argumentasi yuridis dan rasionalitas, seperti negara yang berorientasi pada kesejahteraan dalam konstitusinya dan lahir dari kolektivisnya latar belakang budaya, pengaturan ikatan sosial sejalan dengan prinsip konstitusi yang berlaku di Indonesia
Menuntut Hak Atas Kota Baru: Klaim (Kembali) Lahan oleh Petani di New Clark City
No full textNew cities, often designed as development strategies, cause dispossession, displacement, and disruption of everyday lives of local communities. To further explore the effects of new cities and urban development in the Global South, this study explores the realities of farmers whose homes and livelihoods are affected by the construction of New Clark City in the Philippines. Employing the concept of the right to the city by Henri Lefebvre, this study delves into the farmers' agency in reclaiming space in the city being built on their rice fields. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and participant observation, the study elucidates the strategies employed by farmers to assert their right to New Clark City. Highlighting that (re)claiming of space by the farmers is motivated by their need to make a living and provide for their families, the study builds on the understanding of the right to the city as the right of the inhabitants to shape their environment and manage their resources. Although the right to the city heavily depends upon the collective power to reshape the process of urbanization, the article argues that it can also be asserted through individual and unorganized actions.Kota-kota baru, yang seringkali dirancang sebagai strategi pembangunan, menyebabkan perampasan, penggusuran, dan gangguan terhadap kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat lokal. Untuk mengeksplorasi lebih jauh dampak dari kota-kota baru dan pembangunan perkotaan di Global South, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi realitas petani yang tempat tinggal dan mata pencahariannya terdampak oleh pembangunan New Clark City di Filipina. Dengan menggunakan konsep hak atas kota dari Henri Lefebvre, penelitian ini menggali agensi petani dalam merebut kembali ruang di kota yang dibangun di atas lahan persawahan mereka. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, termasuk wawancara dan observasi partisipan, studi ini menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan oleh para petani untuk menuntut hak mereka atas New Clark City. Menyoroti bahwa klaim (kembali) ruang oleh para petani dimotivasi oleh kebutuhan mereka untuk mencari nafkah dan menafkahi keluarga mereka. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada pemahaman bahwa hak atas kota adalah hak penduduk untuk membentuk lingkungan dan mengelola sumber daya mereka. Meskipun hak atas kota sangat bergantung pada kekuatan kolektif untuk membentuk kembali proses urbanisasi, artikel ini berargumen bahwa hak atas kota juga dapat ditegaskan melalui aksi-aksi individual dan tidak terorganisir
Perdamaian dan Hak Asasi Manusia di Sri Lanka: Perjuangan Masyarakat Marjinal dalam Mengadvokasi Keadilan
No full textPeace and human rights serve as a check on the dominant or majoritarian culture. An absence of human rights is conducive to weak democratic forms, unequal social and political relations, marginalisation, oppression and, in some cases, criminalisation of communities. Such a scenario can be found in Sri Lanka. This paper expands upon a principal research project which found that the marginalisation of participants arose from aspects of their particular identities, including diverse sexualities and genders, races, ethnicities, religions and youth. The principal research was informed by intersectionality, social interactionism, interviews and interpretative phenomenological analysis. This paper was composed out of the research results and was further structured by literature review. People’s marginalisation, oppression and exclusion are related directly to the absence of peace and human rights manifested through injustices and structural barriers that frustrated social and political participation.Perdamaian dan hak asasi manusia berfungsi sebagai pengawas terhadap budaya dominan atau mayoritas. Ketiadaan hak asasi manusia kondusif bagi bentuk-bentuk demokrasi yang lemah, hubungan sosial dan politik yang tidak setara, marjinalisasi, penindasan, dan dalam beberapa kasus, kriminalisasi terhadap masyarakat. Skenario seperti ini dapat ditemukan di Sri Lanka. Makalah ini merupakan pengembangan dari proyek penelitian utama yang menemukan bahwa marjinalisasi para partisipan muncul dari aspek-aspek identitas khusus mereka, termasuk keragaman seksualitas dan gender, ras, etnis, agama, dan pemuda. Penelitian utama ini didasari oleh interseksionalitas, interaksionisme sosial, wawancara, dan analisis fenomenologi interpretatif. Makalah ini diinformasikan oleh hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut dan selanjutnya diinformasikan oleh tinjauan literatur. Peminggiran, penindasan, dan pengucilan masyarakat terkait langsung dengan ketiadaan perdamaian dan hak asasi manusia yang dimanifestasikan melalui ketidakadilan dan hambatan struktural yang menggagalkan partisipasi sosial dan politik.
A Legal Transplantation by The Rule of Law, Comparative Study, Legal Culture and History
No full textLegal transplantation introduces foreign laws or institutions into a legal system without considering the existing legal culture, a process that poses significant challenges. When borrowing occurs through complete assimilation, these challenges are particularly evident. This research aims to develop a theoretical framework for legal transplantation through the lens of path dependence, a framework that can address the challenges that arise from the historical development of legal systems. To accomplish this aim, a systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted. This entailed the selection and analysis of articles published between 2019 and 2024 that focused on specific subjects, including legal transplantation practices, legal path dependence practices, and law creation from legal history. The articles were obtained from the Scopus database, which is a widely recognized global journal database. The results indicate that the development of a theoretical framework for legal transplantation by path dependence encompasses legal discussions and the rule of law by the judiciary in the home country, considering the challenges posed by recent cultural structures. The article elucidates the pivotal role of path dependence in legal system development through legal transplantation, while also underscoring its limitations and its manifestation in different countries
Jerat Pidana terhadap Pelaku Pembelian Suara Pasif (Passiv Vote Buying) dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilihan Umum
No full textPolitik uang atau pembelian suara dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu hingga kini masih terusterjadi. Celakanya, ketentuan pidana pemilu yang tersedia hanya ditujukan pada pemberijanji, uang, atau materi lainnya (pembelian suara aktif), sedangkan penerimanya (pembelian suara pasif) tidak. Dalam jangka pendek, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan terobosan hukum atas ketiadaan aturan mengenai pembelian suara pasif. Sementara dalam jangka panjang, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gagasan pembaruan hukum pidana atas ketiadaan aturan tersebut. Dengan mengingat bahwa penelitian ini dikategorikan sebagai penelitian hukum normatif, maka teknik studi dokumenter dengan alat berupa bahan-bahan tertulis dipergunakan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, historis, dan konseptual. Dalam jangka pendek, ketiadaan aturan mengenai pembelian suara pasif dalam kerangka hukum pemilu saat ini dapat diatasi dengan memberlakukan Pasal 149 ayat (2) KUHP Kolonial berdasarkan interpretasi teleologisrasional- doktriner di tengah penyelenggaraan Pemilu Serentak 2024 yang sedang berjalan. Sementara dalam jangka panjang, ketiadaan aturan sebagaimana dimaksud dapat diatasi dengan mewujudkan pembaruan hukum pidana berupa pengaturan pembelian suara aktif dan pembelian suara pasif dalam undang-undang pemilu pada masa mendatan