133 research outputs found
Diseño de un plan de mejoramiento en el área administrativa de la empresa Candytex
No full textes una Micro-empresa Familiar, fundada 15 de junio de 1990 en Cali por el señor HAMILTON VARELA, está dedicada a la comercialización de camisas y camisetas en franela.
Actualmente presenta falencias en el área administrativa las cuales están causando:
re-procesos, limitación en las tareas y funciones del cargo, entre otros.
Por esto es necesario implementar un plan de mejoramiento en el área administrativa, rediseñando la estructura organizacional, implementando un manual de funciones y un perfil de cargos, capacitar y evaluar al personal.
Si Candytex continua operando así tendrá un estancamiento comercial y financiero y en un futuro hasta el cierre, situación que no es deseado por el dueño ni por sus colaboradores.
Su objetivo principal es diseñar un plan de mejoramiento en el área administrativa para “CANDYTEX”, que permita garantizar el éxito de la productividad futura para que el ejercicio empresarial sea rentable, viable y sostenible generando crecimiento y posicionamiento en el mercado.
Sus objetivos específicos son:
Detectar las falencias, Tabular y analizar la información, Diseñar un plan de acción a los procesos internos.
En el plan de mejoramiento se diseñara unas estrategias para ser aplicada y tener un mayor control
Diseño de la estructura organizacional, Manual de Funciones, Implementación de la Misión y la Visión, Implementación de las Políticas y Principios, Capacitación para el personal en las diferentes áreas, Evaluación de desempeño.
Los beneficios que se tendrían implementando el plan de mejoramiento serían muy grandes se aplicarían todos los procesos administrativos y serían más eficientes y eficaces.
Además de esto la responsabilidad estaría repartida en el dueño, los supervisores y el auditor quien sería la persona que los dirija y capacite para el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos.
Esto en un futuro tendría una mayor rentabilidad financiera.Candytex is a micro enterprise family founded on June 15 1990in call for HAMILTON
VARELA the loud is dedicated to marketing in flannel shirts and shirts.
Gaps in current presents administrative area which are causing reprocess limitations
on tasks and function of position among others.
This is necessary for implementing a plan of improvement in administrative area
redesigning organizational structure, function implementing a manual and change
profile personal training and evaluate.
If Candytex continuous operating a commercial and financial will dedicate and close to
the future that situation is not wanted by the owner or for contributors. Their goal is to
design a plan for improvement in the administrative area Candytex ensure that allows
the future success of the business productivity to the profitable year generating viable
and sustainable growth and market positioning.
Your specific objectives are:
Detect the gaps and tabulate (tab) information analysis, design a plan of action to
internal processes.
In some improvement plan strategies to be applied, be designed and have
greater control.
Design of organizational structure, functions manual, implementation of the mission
and vision, implementation of policies for personal training in different areas,
performance evaluation.
Benefits would have to implement the plan would be very big improvement would apply
all administrative processes and would be more efficient and effective.
Besides this would be the responsibility shared on owner supervisors and the auditor
who would run the person on duty to meet targets suggested.1. Tema ............................................................................................... 7
2. Necesidad o problema ................................................................... 11
3. Objetivos ........................................................................................ 15
4. Justificación ................................................................................... 16
5. Marco de referencia ....................................................................... 26
6. Aspectos metodológicos ................................................................ 38
7. Análisis de los entornos ................................................................. 44
8. Análisis del sector .......................................................................... 60
9. Presentación empresa Candytex ................................................... 77
10. Encuenta general ......................................................................... 92
11. Diagnóstico encuesta por departamento ..................................... 103
12. Plan de mejoramiento Candytex ................................................. 116
13. Plan de acción ............................................................................. 129PregradoAdministrador de Negocio
Reações do tipo alérgico ao látex ocorridas em funcionários usuários de luvas em unidades públicas de saúde, em Florianópolis
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia
Residents’ support in major local events: Leeds Pride
No full textThis article examines the extent to which community participation and perceived impacts have an influence on residents’ support of major events, more specifically, the Leeds Pride celebration. The research examines the perspectives of 400 Leeds permanent residents. The study tests a structural equation model, which has its theoretical basis in Social Exchange Theory. It examines the constructs of community participation, perceived positive and negative impacts, and community support, including the actual participation of locals in the event. The findings reveal that the actual participation of locals to decision-making influences their perspectives on community participation. The support is influenced by views of the perceived impacts, whilst community participation has no direct influence. Conversely, the community involvement in decision-making considerably influences the perceived benefits and costs of the event, acting as a moderator, while the willingness of support is connected with the community’s participation. Finally, the article discusses theoretical and managerial aspects for major event planning and development
What is the difference? What factors contribute to the variation of achievement for Year 7 and 8 Māori students in high decile, full primary schools?
No full textThe educational disparity between indigenous Māori students and those of the majority continue to be a major issue in New Zealand. Attempting to bridge the gap for Māori students has generated focus on Māori student engagement in the classroom, the actions and understanding of the teacher and the relationship and interactions between the teacher and students in their learning environment. Elements of culturally responsive pedagogy have been identified as positive contributing factors to accelerating academic achievement for secondary Māori mainstream students.
This small-scale cross-cultural exploratory qualitative research project seeks to identify the factors that contribute to student achievement variation for Year 7 and 8 students in high decile full primary schools and the integration of teacher’s cultural competencies in high quality learning opportunities. Within a kaupapa Māori research process, this study uses empirical data collected from a purposive sample through a semi-structured individual interview and a for self-assessment. Voluntary research participants were twelve students and six teachers in three schools in the Bay of Plenty, Waikato and Wellington regions. This research examines the engagement of student and teacher in pedagogical practice, learning variables, cultural knowledge and practices attributable to positive academic achievement for Māori.
The findings reveal that when teachers place themselves in an agentic position; adopt a professional commitment and willingness to engage in effective relations, interactions and reciprocal practices to support Māori learners, high levels of relational trust and expectations prevail through mutual respect and interdependence to attain successful educational outcomes.
Further teacher professional learning is essential to enlighten and deepen teachers' understanding of culturally responsive pedagogy to enable Māori learners to reach their potential to participate and contribute in their world of choice
Seed selection for spreading processes in social networks using Graph Neural Networks
No full textLa atención a desastres naturales es un tema que es ampliamente investigado. En este trabajo se intenta abordar la etapa de los desastres que menos investigación tiene: la etapa de preparación. Dado que los huracanes son el tipo desastre que tiene una etapa de preparación mejor definida, se investigó la mejor manera de transmitir información (evacuaciones, auxilio, desarrollo del desastre, entre otros) previo a que ocurran las catástrofes. Esto llevó al uso de datos descargados desde el API de Twitter y se propuso un algoritmo de clasificación de nodos (usando teoría de redes complejas) que permitiera, eventualmente, alimentar un modelo predictiva basado en Graph Neural Networks que pueda encontrar los usuarios que maximizan la dispersión de la información en la red.Magíster en Ingeniería IndustrialMaestríaInvestigación de OperacionesRedes Compleja
Propuesta metodológica para la complementación de información sismológica a partir de caracterización de fuentes sismogénicas
No full text141 p. CdSeismic hazard studies in Colombia have many uncertainties because of the shortage of seismic instrumentation (seismometers, accelerometers, GPS and others), the incomplete seismic data and the insufficient active faults characterization.
The methodological proposal for this study comprises the geological and seismological characterization of the Colombian and well-documented seismogenic sources, which were correlated to complete the seismological data in Colombia, especially in the regions influenced by the faults, where this information could be useful in the seismic hazard analyses.
The geological similarities between the Colombian and well-documented faults were important in establishing eight analogies based on the geometric and kinematic properties of the faults, which is the first step in the seismic analysis.
The seismological analogy was made based on the magnitude and the b parameter calculations of the Gutenberg-Richter Law, using the event catalogue of the International Seismological Centre (ISC). The Colombian and well-documented faults present higher magnitude events with Mw values between 6,0 and 7,9, except to the colombian faults Viani and Oca, which present magnitudes of weak and moderate earthquakes, respectively.
The b-values obtained (0,30<b<1,0) indicate that the fault zones analyzed have a greater resistance in the material; therefore, it predominates high-magnitude earthquakes.
The Colombian faults studied here were: Buesaco, Cocora, Cucuana, Irlanda, Oca, Potrerillos, Sibundoy and Viani; and the well-documented faults analyzed in this study were: Shelter Cove, Borrego Mountain, Coyote Creek, Superstition Hills, Emerson, Camp Rock, Owens Valley and San Fernando.Los estudios de amenaza sísmica en Colombia presentan muchas incertidumbres debidas principalmente a la escasez de instrumentación sísmica (sismógrafos, acelerógrafos, GPS y otros), a las bases de datos incompletas en cuanto a eventos sísmicos y a la caracterización insuficiente de las fallas geológicas activas.
La metodología propuesta en el presente estudio comprende la caracterización, desde el punto de vista geológico y sismológico, de fuentes sismogénicas extranjeras y colombianas que se correlacionaron entre sí, para complementar la información sismológica de Colombia en regiones cercanas a la zonas de falla, con miras hacia el conocimiento y el uso de esta información en los estudios detallados de amenaza sísmica regional y/o local.
Las similitudes geológicas encontradas entre las fallas bien documentadas y las fallas colombianas, permitieron establecer ocho relaciones basadas en la cinemática y la geometría de las fallas, lo cual constituye un paso previo al análisis sismológico de las mismas.
La comparación sismológica se realizó basada en el parámetro b y la magnitud máxima calculada de la Ley Gutenberg-Richter, tomando como referencia los registros sísmicos del catálogo del International Seismological Centre (ISC). Tanto las fallas colombianas como las fallas extranjeras presentan magnitudes propias de sismos fuertes a muy fuertes, con valores de Mw que oscilan entre 6,0 y 7,9, a excepción de las fallas colombianas Viani y Oca, cuyas magnitudes representan sismos débiles y moderados, respectivamente.
Los valores de b obtenidos (0,30<b<1,0) indican que las zonas de falla analizadas presentan una resistencia mayor del material; por lo tanto, predominan sismos de gran magnitud.
Las fallas colombianas estudiadas fueron: Buesaco, Cocora, Cucuana, Irlanda, Oca, Potrerillos, Sibundoy y Viani. Entre las fallas bien documentadas analizadas se encuentran: Shelter Cove, Borrego Mountain, Coyote Creek, Superstition Hills, Emerson, Camp Rock, Owens Valley y San Fernando.INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................... 20
1. OBJETIVOS .................................................................................................... 21
1.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .............................................................................. 21
1.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ..................................................................... 21
2. METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................. 22
3. MARCO TEÓRICO ......................................................................................... 25
3.1 ANÁLISIS DE LA AMENAZA SÍSMICA ..................................................... 25
3.1.1 Identificación y evaluación la amenaza sísmica ................................. 25
3.1.2 Sismicidad histórica e instrumental .................................................... 26
3.1.3 Análisis determinístico de la amenaza sísmica .................................. 27
3.1.4 Análisis probabilístico de la amenaza sísmica ................................... 28
3.1.5 Ley de recurrencia Gutenberg-Richter ............................................... 29
3.2 ESTUDIOS RELACIONADOS CON EL ANÁLISIS DE LA AMENAZA SÍSMICA EN COLOMBIA....... 30
4. FALLAS EXTRANJERAS BIEN DOCUMENTADAS ..................................... 35
4.1 SISTEMA DE FALLAS DE SAN ANDRES ................................................. 35
4.1.1 Zona de Falla San Andrés .................................................................. 38
4.1.2 Zona de Falla San Jacinto .................................................................. 43
4.2 EASTERN CALIFORNIA SHEAR ZONE (ECSZ) ...................................... 56
4.2.1 Falla Emerson .................................................................................... 57
4.2.2 Falla Camp Rock ................................................................................ 64
4.3 FALLAS QUE NO PERTENECEN A ALGUN SISTEMA O ZONA ESPECÍFICA........................... 67
4.3.1 Falla Owens Valley ............................................................................. 67
4.3.2 Falla San Fernando ............................................................................ 71
5. FALLAS COLOMBIANAS ANALIZADAS ...................................................... 76
5.1 FALLA BUESACO .................................................................................... 76
5.2 FALLA COCORA ...................................................................................... 81
5.3 FALLA CUCUANA .................................................................................... 83
5.4 FALLA IRLANDA ...................................................................................... 85
5.5 FALLA DE OCA ........................................................................................ 90
5.6 FALLA POTRERILLOS ............................................................................. 93
PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LA COMPLEMENTACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN
SISMOLÓGICA A PARTIR DE CARACTERIZACIÓN DE FUENTES SISMOGÉNICAS
5.7 FALLA DE SIBUNDOY .............................................................................. 95
5.8 FALLA VIANI ............................................................................................. 98
6. RESULTADOS .............................................................................................. 101
6.1 ANALOGÍA GEOLÓGICA ....................................................................... 101
6.2 ANALOGÍA SISMOLÓGICA .................................................................... 105
6.2.1 Cálculo de la magnitud máxima probable de un sismo para las fallas bien documentadas.................. 106
6.2.2 Cálculo de la magnitud máxima probable de un sismo para las fallas colombianas............ 116
6.2.3 Resultados de la analogía sismológica ............................................ 127
7. CONCLUSIONES ......................................................................................... 129
8. RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................. 131
BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................................................... 132Ej. 1EspecializaciónEspecialista en Geotecnia Ambienta
Embriogênese somática em pupunheira (Bactris gasipaes), butiá-da-serra (Butia eriospatha) e açai (Euterpe oleracea): isolamento e cultura de protoplastos, avaliações bioquímicas e otimização das condições de cultura
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Florianópolis, 2015.A embriogênese somática (ES) é um métedo eficiente à propagaçãomassiva de plantas e à conservação de germoplasma. Em nível básico elase configura como um modelo biológico para o aprofundamento deestudos de morfogênese, fisiologia, bioquímica e genética de plantas.Muitos organismos apresentam características similares durante a ES, taiscomo a expressão de genes homólogos, o desenvolvimento de tecidosespecializados semelhantes ao observado na embriogênese zigótica e asrespostas a certos reguladores de crescimento. Para abordarprofundamente estas características associadas à ES de palmeirasneotropicais foi elaborada uma ampla revisão sobre este tema no primeirocapítulo desta dissertação. De uma forma geral esta revisão mostrou queembriões zigóticos e/ou meristemas apicais têm sido os explantes maisempregados, mostrando-se responsivos ao meio de cultura baseado naformulação salina de Murashige e Skoog suplementado com vitaminas deMorel, 3% de sacarose, carvão ativado e concentrações elevadas deauxinas, principalmente 2,4-D ou picloram. Em seguida, odesenvolvimento embrionário normalmente é estimulado em meios decultura suplementados com teores reduzidos destas auxinas e com oemprego de citocininas, notadamente BAP e 2-ip. Por fim, os embriõessão convertidos em plântulas em meios isentos de reguladores decrescimento. Além da micropropagação, muitos estudos concentraram-sena expressão de genes e na bioquímica do desenvolvimento de embriõessomáticos de palmeiras. Estudos histológicos sugeriram tendênciascomuns em diferentes espécies durante a morfogênese in vitro, tais comomorfologia semelhante dos ápices caulinares meristemáticos, calos ecélulas epidérmicas. No segundo capítulo estudou-se o emprego deculturas de protoplastos em três espécies de palmeiras, pupunha (Bactrisgasipaes), butiá-da-serra (Butia eriospatha) e açaí (Euterpe oleracea).Protoplastos são células com suas paredes celulares removidas eapresentam interesse tanto pela sua capacidade regenerativa quanto pelapossibilidade da geração de híbridos através da fusão somática de doisprotoplastos diferentes. Esta tecnologia tem sido investigada em váriasespécies de palmeiras, tais como dendê (Elaeis guineensis) e tamareira(Phoenix dactyilifera). Na presente dissertação, culturas embriogênicaspreviamente estabelecidas de pupunha, butiá-da-serra e açaí foramtratadas com uma solução enzimática composta por 2% de celulase, 0,5% de hemicelulase e 0,5 % de pectinase e em seguida elas foram23incubadas no escuro a 25 ± 2 ° C durante 6, 12, 18, ou 24 horas semagitação ou num agitador orbital a 45 rpm para o isolamento deprotoplastos. As maiores quantidades de protoplastos foram obtidasatravés da incubação em agitador orbital, sendo 5.50±0.68x105 e1.22±0.13x106 protoplastos / grama de peso fresco de pupunha e açaí,respectivamente, depois de seis horas de incubação, e 5,36 ± 2.23x105células / grama de peso fresco para butiá após 24 horas incubação.Culturas de pupunha e açaí mostraram diminuição de rendimento deprotoplastos após seis horas de incubação, enquanto a quantidade deresíduos celulares visíveis aumentou. A viabilidade de protoplastosmanteve-se elevada (> 70%), com exceção de protoplastos de açaí, cujaviabilidade diminuiu rapidamente após seis horas na incubação orbital.Os protoplastos foram cultivados usando o método de gotas de agarose oude alginato, sendo submetidos a seis tipos de meios líquidos contendo 0,1, ou 10 µM de picloram com ou sem 2µM de 2-ip. Picloram não semostrou essencial para as divisões celulares, as quais, no entanto forammais frequentes e ocorreram mais cedo em resposta a meios com níveiscrescentes do mesmo. Foram observadas microcolônias se formando nasgotas de alginato com 10 de µM picloram e 2 µM de 2-ip, no entantocolonias visíveis foram formados apenas em duas esferas de agarose. Noterceiro capítulo desta dissertação o incremento de massa seca e os teoresde proteínas, açúcares e amido foram investigados em culturas depupunha com diferentes capacidades para ES: alta capacidadeembriogênica (ACE), baixa capacidade embriogênica (BCE), e nãoembriogênica(NE). Culturas de ACE e NE apresentaram incrementos demassa seca semelhantes e que foram maiores queo incremento de massaseca em culturas de BCE. Culturas de ACE apresentaram teoresligeiramente mais elevados de proteínas do que as culturas NE, contudoambas continham maiores teores de proteínas do que as culturas de BCE.Níveis de amido foram semelhantes entre culturas de ACE e NE e queforam maiores que os níveis de amido em culturas de BCE. Níveis deaçúcares foram demasiadamente baixos para terem seus valorescalculados utilizando uma curva padrão de glicose, porém as leituras deabsorbância mostraram que as culturas de ACE e NE apresentaramvalores médios semelhantes e superiores aos níveis encontrados emculturas de BCE. Estes dados sugerem que os diferentes comportamentosde crescimento das diferentes culturas podem não refletir as quantidadestotais de proteínas, e sim os tipos de proteínas a serem expressas. A grandequantidade de amido nas culturas NE, juntamente com a morfologia24distinta destas culturas, pode sugerir uma rota regenerativa baseada naorganogênese. Além disso, é possível que a falta de reservas de energianas culturas de BCE esteja relacionada com o seu rápido crescimento.Formações de tecidos organizados também foram observadas nas culturade BCE, isto pode sugerir que a morfogênese in vitro não inclui apenasos embriões somáticos, calos, raiz e plântulas, mas pode incluir outrostipos de tecidos. No quarto capítulo buscou-se a optimização da ES emculturas de pupunha, butiá e açaí. Culturas de pupunha 'G3' foramcultivadas em meios de cultura compostos pelos sais de MS ou MSmodificado, suplementados com 1 mM de espermidina, 1 mM deespermina, ou sem poliaminas. Não houve diferença no número deembriões somáticos regenerados a partir dos meios de MS ou MSmodificado, no entanto, ambas as poliaminas apresentaram efeitosnegativos para a formação de embriões. Culturas de pupunha ?G2? foraminoculadas em meio de cultura contendo 3% de sacarose ou uma misturaigual de sacarose, glicose, frutose, e sorbitol, não revelando diferenças emtermos de números totais de embriões regenerados. Embriões zigóticos debutiá inoculados em meio MS contendo 3% sacarose, 2,5 g / L de carvãoativado e 300 µM ou 450 µM de picloram responderam com a formaçãode calos com aparência embriogênica similares aos observados empupunha, 40% e 27,5% respectivamente. No entanto, culturas friáveis debutiá foram submetidas a vários tipos de meios de cultura, incluindomeios sólidos e líquidos; diferentes concentrações de auxinas, citocininas,ABA, GA3, sacarose e carvão ativado,e ausência ou presença de luzdurante o cultivo, porém, em nenhum dos ambientes proporcionadosocorreu a formação de embriões somáticos. Além disso, desidrataçãoparcial não induziu melhorias na multiplicação das culturasde butiá, omesmo foi observado em culturas de pupunha. A multiplicação dasculturas de açaí foi melhorada com a adição 2,5 g / L de carvão ativado eaumento nos teores de picloram de 10 µM até 50 µM. O carvão ativadolevou à redução de 400% no número de explantes oxidados, um aumentono número de explantes produzindo embriões, número deembriõesformados por explante, e numero de massas poliembriogênicas porexplante. No entanto, os casos de crescimento de raizes organogênicas ede calogênese observados a partir de explantes de açaí colocadas emmeios com carvão ativado sugerem que o efeito da auxina diminui napresença de carvão ativado. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados dapresente dissertação contribuem para uma melhor compreensão dosestudos da morfogênese in vitro de palmeiras, notadamente aqueles25associados aos fatores envolvidos na tecnologia de protoplastos, àscaracterísticas bioquímicas de culturas de pupunha com diferentespotenciais embriogênicos e à otimização dos protocolos regenerativosestudados, especialmente o de açaí.Abstract : Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful technology that is useful for commercial propagation, scientific study, germplasm conservation, and has potential applications in reforestation attempts in damaged ecosystems. Many organisms show similar traits during SE, such as the expression of commonly-found gene homologs, development of specialized tissues similar to zygotic embryogenesis, and response to certain growth regulators. To summarize these trends, a review article was written (Chapter 1 of this thesis). A literature analysis of SE in the palm family, Arecaceae, suggests similar trends across palm species. Both zygotic embryos or palm shoot meristems tended to respond well to culture media composed of Murashige and Skoog salts, vitamins, 3% sucrose, exogenous activated carbon, and high concentrations of auxins, such as 2,4-D or picloram. Embryo development was usually stimulated through subculture onto media with reduced auxins and addition of cytokinin, such as BAP and 2-ip and then embryos could be frequently converted on media without growth regulators. In addition to micropropagation, many studies focused on the biochemistry and gene expression of developing palm somatic embryos. Histological studies revealed common trends, such as similar morphology of meristematic vs. callus and epidermal cells. One of the technologies that several research groups had evaluated was protoplast culture. Protoplasts, cells with their cell walls removed, are of scientific interest due to both being able to regenerate into larger cultures and the ability to create hybrids through somatic fusion of two different protoplasts. This technology has only been investigated in several large-scale economic species, such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) or date palm (Phoenix dactyilifera), and increased understanding of trends might lead to further development of protoplast culture as a whole (Chapter 2). To understand protoplast isolation and culture, previously-established peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), butiá-da-serra (Butia eriospatha), and açaí (Euterpe oleracea) cultures were treated with an enzyme solution composed of 2% w/v cellulase, 0.5% hemicellulase, and 0.5% pectinase and then either incubated stationary for 6, 12, 18, or 24 hours or on an orbital shaker at 45 rpm for 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours in the dark at 25±2 °C. Stationary incubation did not provide large amounts of protoplasts in comparison to incubation done on an orbital shaker. The greatest numbers of protoplasts per species were 5.50±0.68x105 and 1.22±0.13x106 protoplasts/ gram FW for peach palm and açaí after six hours of orbital shaking and 5.36±2.23x105 cells/gram FW for butiá after 24 hours of orbital shaking. Both peach palm and açaí saw dramatic decreases in protoplast yield after later incubations while the amount of visible cellular debris increased, possibly showing a potential reason for the decreased cell yield as cellular debris might lyse cells in motion. Protoplast viability remained high (>70%), except for açaí protoplasts, which decreased rapidly during orbital incubation. Protoplasts were cultured either using the agarose bead or the alginate bead method. Protoplasts cultured in alginate beads were subjected to six types of liquid media containing 0, 1, or 10µM picloram either with or without 2µM 2-ip. Auxin was not shown to be essential for causing cell division in several occasions, however cell division was more frequent and occurred earlier in media with increasing levels of picloram. 2-ip was not found to have a major impact. Microcolonies were observed to form in alginate beads with 10µM picloram and 2µM 2-ip, however visible colonies were only formed twice in agarose beads. Further optimization would be required to achieve regeneration of whole plants, however there are many trends in other species, such as use of nurse cultures, higher cell density during culture, and type of culture method, which can be pursued. The biochemistry of peach palm cultures with different capacities for SE, high embryogenic (HE), low embryogenic (LE), and non-embryogenic (NE), were investigated for dry weight, protein, sugar, and starch content (Chapter 3). It was found that both HE and NE cultures had similar dry weights, but water made up a larger proportion of LE cultures. Because of this difference, protein, sugar, and starch amounts were evaluated in terms of both fresh weight and dry weight. HE contained slightly higher amounts of protein than NE cultures, but both tissues contained higher proteins contents than LE cultures, even after adjusting for dry weight. Starch levels were comparable between HE and NE cultures, but LE cultures contained significantly fewer starch reserves. Sugar levels were too low to have their amounts calculated using a glucose standard curve, however their absorbance readings showed HE and NE cultures had the about the same values, while once again LE cultures contained fewer reserves. These data suggest that the different growth behavior of the different tissues may not reflect overall protein amounts, but rather the types of proteins being expressed. Additionally, the large amounts of starch growth, along with the distinct morphology of NE tissues might suggest a type of organogenesis. Additionally, it is possible that the lack of energy reserves found in LE tissue is related to its rapid growth. Organized tissue formations were also observed in LE tissue, possibly suggesting that in vitro organogenesis extends beyond simply somatic embryos, roots, and shoots. Additionally, SE optimization was investigated in peach palm, butiá, and açaí cultures. Peach palm tissue lines  G3 were placed on media containing either MS or modified MS salts and media containing 1mM spermidine, spermine, or no polyamines. No difference was detected in the number of somatic embryos recovered from MS or modified MS cultures, however either polyamine had a negative effect. Peach palm  G2 cultures were placed on media containing either 3% sucrose or an equal mix of sucrose, glucose, or sorbitol with no difference in total numbers of recovered embryos. Fast-growing friable butiá cultures were subjected to numerous types of media, including both solid and liquid media, media containing different concentrations of auxins, cytokinins, ABA, GA3, sucrose, and activated charcoal in both light and dark, but no somatic embryos were induced. Additionally, partial dehydration did not induce improved peach palm multiplication nor butiá SE. However, 40% and 27.5% placed on MS media containing 2.5g/L activated charcoal and 300µM or 450µM, respectively, picloram responded with tissue growth similar to that found in peach palm highly embryogenic tissue. Açaí multiplication was greatly improved through optimizing multiplication media with addition 2.5g/L activated charcoal and increased picloram up to 50µM from 10µM. The effects of the activated charcoal led to 400% reduction in number of oxidized explants, an increase in number of explants producing embryos, embryos per explant, number of embryos producing polyembryogenic masses, and number of polyembryogenic masses per explant. However, instances of organogenic root growth and increased callogenesis were observed on açaí explants placed on media with activated charcoal, which suggests that the decreased effect of auxin caused by activated charcoal can reduce embryogenic potential. Together, these works contribute to better understanding the trends found in multiple palms, factors involved in the valuable technology of protoplast culture, the biochemical characteristics of several types of peach palm tissue with different embryogenic potential, and cultural optimization, especially for the economically valuable açaí palm
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textSee paper for full list of authors – 13 pages plus author list + cover pages (30 pages total), 5 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-06/International audienceA search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, , decaying into a boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, , with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb. Decays of CP-even bosons to or pairs with the boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as decays with the boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for \sigma (gg\rightarrow A) \times \mbox{BR}(A \rightarrow Zh) \times \mbox{BR}(h \rightarrow f\bar{f}) are 0.098--0.013 pb for and 0.57--0.014 pb for in a range of 220--1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs doublet models
Gene gain and loss during evolution of obligate parasitism in the white rust pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana
No full textBiotrophic eukaryotic plant pathogens require a living host for their growth and form an intimate haustorial interface with parasitized cells. Evolution to biotrophy occurred independently in fungal rusts and powdery mildews, and in oomycete white rusts and downy mildews. Biotroph evolution and molecular mechanisms of biotrophy are poorly understood. It has been proposed, but not shown, that obligate biotrophy results from (i) reduced selection for maintenance of biosynthetic pathways and (ii) gain of mechanisms to evade host recognition or suppress host defence. Here we use Illumina sequencing to define the genome, transcriptome, and gene models for the obligate biotroph oomycete and Arabidopsis parasite, Albugo laibachii. A. laibachii is a member of the Chromalveolata, which incorporates Heterokonts (containing the oomycetes), Apicomplexa (which includes human parasites like Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii), and four other taxa.
From comparisons with other oomycete plant pathogens and other chromalveolates, we reveal independent loss of
molybdenum-cofactor-requiring enzymes in downy mildews, white rusts, and the malaria parasite P. falciparum. Biotrophy also requires ‘‘effectors’’ to suppress host defence; we reveal RXLR and Crinkler effectors shared with other oomycetes, and also discover and verify a novel class of effectors, the ‘‘CHXCs’’, by showing effector delivery and effector functionality. Our findings suggest that evolution to progressively more intimate association between host and parasite results in reduced selection for retention of certain biosynthetic pathways, and particularly reduced selection for retention of molybdopterinrequiring
biosynthetic pathways. These mechanisms are not only relevant to plant pathogenic oomycetes but also to
human pathogens within the Chromalveolata
The effects of host-vector relationships and density dependence on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis
No full textIn Latin America, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by infection with
Leishmania infantum, an endemic but lethal parasite transmitted by Lutzomyia
longipalpis sandflies. Multiple hosts are implicated in VL transmission; therefore
sandfly biting preferences may be pivotal in determining transmission dynamics.
Host preferences are poorly understood with simple preference-host density
relationships being conventionally assumed.
Combined modelling and fieldwork approaches were used to investigate the
preference of sandflies for key host types (dogs, humans and chickens) and force of
infection (FOI) over a range of vector and host densities. In Brazil, variable vector
densities were (i) observed over a period of seasonal variation, and (ii)
experimentally manipulated via “trapping out” (sustained CDCLT capture to reduce
local vector density). Host density was also manipulated by (iii) the incremental
introduction of chickens to experimental sheds.
Results suggest that there is a significant link between alternative host density and
the absolute and relative preference of sandflies for humans and dogs. Investigations
also indicate that host choice has a vector density dependent element, which varies
significantly and nonlinearly depending upon vector density. Meta-analysis and
mathematical modelling of human and canine prevalences across Brazil also point
toward variable transmission rates to these hosts attributable to density-dependent
biting preferences observed in the field. These host choice dynamics ultimately
combine to demonstrate the influence of host and vector densities on FOI on dogs
and humans, but there are significant interactions between host and vector densities
resulting in complex FOI relationships.
Nonlinearities are likely explained by density dependent sandfly aggregation
behaviour upon outdoor living hosts, such as chickens, as vector density rises. This
preference behaviour may have far reaching implications for our understanding of
transmission and control, and potentially indicate host density manipulation as an
intervention measure
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