Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Die Motivation eines Kommas
No full textDas überaus weitreichende Konzept der Motivation wird in diesem Beitrag auf ein Interpunktionszeichen übertragen, das an sich mit diesem aus der Psychologie stammenden Konstrukt nichts zu tun zu haben scheint. Es wird dennoch theoretisch dargelegt, warum auch Kommas als motiviert gelten können und in der Forschung sollten sowie welche Probleme damit einhergehen, dass dies bisher verpasst wurde. Als Motivation eines Kommas werden hier die strukturellen Gründe angegeben, welche an einem Wortzwischenraum ein Komma nötig machen. Es zeigt sich, dass ein Komma quantitativ durch keine, eine oder mehrere Strukturen motiviert sein kann. Bei mehrfach motivierten Kommas können aus qualitativer Perspektive verschiedene Kommagründe (z. B. Markierung von Strukturanfang und -ende, Herausstellung und Koordination verschiedener Strukturen) in einem Komma zusammenfallen. Darüber hinaus wird an einem Lerner:innenkorpus empirisch überprüft, ob bzw. welchen Einfluss die Motivation eines Kommas auf schreibende Schüler:innen (N = 681) hat, die Kommas in ihre Texte integrieren. Die Ergebnisse des eingesetzten Regressionsmodells lassen sich folgendermaßen zusammenfassen: Liegen mehrere Gründe für ein Komma vor, ist das Komma also mehrfach motiviert, steigt die Chance, dass Schüler:innen Kommas in ihre eigenen Texte integrieren
Genomic factors contributing to the resilience of Salmonella enterica on ready-to-eat muskmelon
No full textSalmonella outbreaks have repeatedly been associated with muskmelons. To identify genes under selection in S. enterica growing in this food matrix, barcoded transposon mutant libraries in three S. enterica serovars - Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Newport - were screened for survival and growth on muskmelon. Applying stringent thresholds, a total of 26 genes in Typhimurium, 34 in Enteritidis, and 50 in Newport were found to significantly influence fitness during muskmelon interaction, with many of these being temperature dependent. Genes whose disruption affected fitness across all three serovars were enriched for functions related to RNA degradation and ribosome biogenesis. Targeted competition assays confirmed the contribution of selected genes, revealing nutrient-dependent phenotypes for most mutants. Remarkably, the polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase gene, pnp, and the D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase gene, serA, conferred a selective advantage when growing in muskmelon but not under nutrition-rich control conditions. In contrast, the nitrogen regulation response regulator GlnG provided a muskmelon-specific fitness disadvantage. This study provides novel insights into genome-wide adaptation mechanisms of multiple Salmonella serovars to growth on muskmelons, revealing both shared and serovar-specific determinants while illustrating the dynamic genetic responses of S. enterica throughout the interaction period
First-line treatment efficacy of anti-EGFR versus anti-VEGF antibodies in BRAFV600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer according to primary tumor sidedness: A pooled analysis of seven clinical trials performed in the first-line treatment of mCRC (German AIO Study Group)
Full text linkBackground
Both BRAFV600E-mutation and right-sided primary tumor location (PTL), have been associated with poor prognosis in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The present pooled analysis of individual patient data evaluates the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy combined with anti-EGFR- or anti-VEGF-directed therapy in BRAFV600E-mut mCRC together with PTL.
Methods
We conducted a pooled analysis of seven first-line AIO-studies (FIRE-3, FIRE-4, FIRE-4.5, CIOX, XELAVIRI, PANAMA, VOLFI) including patients with BRAFV600E-mut and RAS-wild-type mCRC.
Results
Among 209 evaluable patients, left-sided primary tumors (LSPT) were observed in 98 (46.9 %) compared to 111 (53.1 %) patients with right-sided primary tumors (RSPT).
In the overall cohort, ORR was comparable (OR 0.85; 95 % CI 0.47–1.52), while median PFS was significantly shorter in patients receiving anti-EGFR-based therapy (HR 1.42; 95 % CI 1.05–1.91; P = 0.022), no major difference was observed with regard to OS (HR 0.96; 95 % CI 0.70–1.32; P = 0.80).
Patients with LSPT showed comparable PFS (HR 0.98; 95 % CI 0.63–1.51), but a numerical OS benefit (HR 0.71; 95 % CI, 0.45–1.14) with anti-EGFR- compared to anti-VEGF-based therapy. This effect was observed independent of sex. In contrast, patients with RSPT showed both, inferior PFS (HR 2.09; 95 % CI 1.35–3.22; P < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.31; 95 % CI, 0.84–2.05). These effects were observed in male and female patients.
Conclusions
The present analysis of BRAFV600E-mut mCRC suggests a survival benefit from anti-EGFR- or anti-VEGF-directed antibodies in patients with LSPT. This effect was not observed in RSPT, where patients showed a clearly greater benefit from bevacizumab
The Multigroup Model of Identity Leadership (Multi-IL) in professional team sports: Navigating group dynamics from the perspective of professional soccer head coaches
Full text linkObjective
This study examines how subgroups and multigroup dynamics within professional soccer clubs influence the head coach's leadership effectiveness from a social identity perspective.
Design and method
In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 professional head coaches from the top four German men's leagues and the top two women's leagues. Data were analyzed using qualitative structuring content analysis and iterative abductive coding, integrating both deductive and inductive approaches, grounded in critical realism.
Results
The findings reveal that head coaches in professional soccer clubs operate within three key subgroups: the player group, the staff group, and the management group. Head coaches play a bridging role, unifying these subgroups as their interactions can have both positive and negative effects on their leadership effectiveness. Positive leadership experiences were characterized by functional and effective relationships (alliances) with at least two and often all three subgroups. In contrast, functional alliances with just one subgroup, even if it was the player group, proved insufficient and led to negative leadership experiences over time. Positive leadership experiences depended on the head coach's ability to manage the social identity dynamics within and across subgroups, as negative dynamics in any subgroup could undermine overall leadership effectiveness. These findings have been synthesized into the Multigroup Model of Identity Leadership (Multi-IL) in professional team sports.
Conclusion
The findings highlight the importance of considering key subgroups and their interplay for effective identity leadership. Coaches and researchers should adopt a multigroup perspective to enhance leadership effectiveness and advance leadership research
High-stress crystal plasticity of titanite and other minerals recording coseismic off-fault damage in strike-slip and thrust tectonic settings
Full text linkThis study compares coseismic off-fault damage in a strike-slip (Sesia zone) and a thrust (Silvretta) tectonic setting to evaluate the different stress-strain histories. High-stress crystal plasticity at greenschist-facies conditions is recorded by mylonites from the Sesia zone and pseudotachylyte-bearing gneisses from the Silvretta basal thrust, European Alps. Twinned titanite occurring in both fault rocks highlights the similarities and differences in the recorded deformation. Fine-lamellar ( twins in titanite from the Sesia mylonites with twin planes close to {221} show densities of 0.5 µm−1. Consistent with twinned jadeite, the differential stresses indicated are on the order of 0.5 GPa. In the Silvretta fault rocks, the twin density is higher with 2.5 µm−1 and additionally, twin planes close to {112} occur, indicating higher stress/strain-rate conditions, consistent with twinned amphibole and ilmenite as well as the presence of pseudotachylytes. The Silvretta fault rocks do not record subsequent creep, indicating rapidly decreasing stresses. In contrast, in the Sesia mylonites, subsequent creep of the surrounding quartz matrix at decreasing stresses resulted in sets of subparallel intragranular fractures in titanite, garnet, jadeite and zircon oriented at angles between 60° and 80° to the mylonitic foliation. The similarities of high-stress crystal plasticity in both settings with twinning at high differential stresses, as well as the differences with pseudotachylyte formation in the Silvretta fault rocks and creep at more slowly decreasing stresses in the Sesia zone mylonites, demonstrate the importance of deformation at transient high stresses for the subsequent stress-strain history
Effectiveness and acceptance of tailored web-based psychoeducation for adolescents with major depression
Full text linkObjectives
This study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05300204) evaluated the effectiveness and acceptance of two distinctive components of web-based psychoeducation in improving knowledge among adolescents with major depression.
Methods
Adolescents (n = 85), aged 12–18 years, with a current or past diagnosis of depression, were randomly assigned to one of two components of the German psychoeducational website “ich bin alles” (“I am everything”), tailored for youth. The General Information Group received content on general information about depression, whereas the Self-Management Group received content on self-management. Knowledge outcomes included knowledge of general information and self-management, and acceptance measures. Changes in knowledge were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models at post-test and follow-up.
Results
A significant Time x Group interaction emerged for both knowledge outcomes (general information: F(3,82) = 41.7, p < .001; self-management F(3,85) = 3.2, p = .031). The General Information Group showed significantly greater scores in knowledge of general information than the Self-Management Group at post-test and follow-ups (all p < .001 d = 1.79–2.99). No significant between-group differences in knowledge of self-management remained after Bonferroni correction. Both groups rated the website positively in terms of usability, design, and content.
Conclusions
Web-based psychoeducation, particularly general information about depression, is an effective and well-accepted approach to improve specific knowledge in adolescents with major depression.
Practice implications
Open-access, evidence-based psychoeducational content tailored to adolescents offers a scalable tool to enhance depression literacy, with potential applicability in clinical practice
Comparative analysis of manual and digital approaches for extracting geological hiatuses. A case study from China
No full textDynamic topography is a crucial geodynamic observable that emerges as a consequence of flow in the mantle. Buoyancies associated with mantle convection induce vertical deflections at the Earth’s surface. Negative surface deflections create depositional environments and allow sedimentation to occur, while positive surface deflections create erosional/non-depositional environments, that induce gaps (hiatuses) in the geological record. The temporal and spatial extent of these gaps can be mapped using geological maps and regional studies, thus providing a means of tracking mantle processes through geological time. Here, we compare a manual and digital extraction of hiatus distributions in China. We utilise a manually compiled dataset of un/conformable contacts from a previous publication and compare it to a digital contact extraction using the recently published digital geological map of China. The digital approach is limited to surface data, whereas the manual approach allows the utilisation of subsurface information. We find that the digital approach is substantially faster than the manual extraction. Our results indicate that the optimal methodology combines digital processing with refinement of manual subsurface information. Furthermore, we observe that mapping the absence and presence of a geological series shows very similar results when processed using either approach. The current limitation to a wider application of this approach is the limited availability of digital geological maps. A standardised digital database of geological maps enhanced with subsurface information (i.e., covered geological maps) is necessary to promote the use of geological data within the wider Earth science community, and would increase the opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration
Performance assessment after long-term irradiation of ATLAS Micromegas detectors using 120 GeV muons at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN
Full text linkExpression, purification and functional validation of a cancer-associated isoform of the HBx protein from human hepatitis B virus
Full text linkThe human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes hepatitis B, a liver infection that can be acute or chronic. HBV encodes four proteins, among which the X protein (HBx) plays a critical role in viral replication. During chronic HBV infection, in which the viral DNA is integrated into the host genome, the HBx1-120 isoform, comprising the N-terminal 120 residues, is highly expressed. Here, we describe a protocol for the recombinant overexpression and purification of untagged HBx1-120 from bacterial cells. The procedure is compatible with stable isotope labelling in minimal media. Following cell lysis, HBx1-120 was recovered from inclusion bodies (IBs), solubilized in urea, and purified by ion-exchange (IEX) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The purified protein was extensively characterized, including by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Functionality was confirmed by a pulldown assay with a known interacting partner, Spindlin1. This protocol provides a robust framework to obtain untagged HBx1-120 for structural and functional in vitro studies
Dog- to- dog bite wound management – Comparison of the antiseptic efficacy of polyhexanide and hypochlorous acid with regard to reducing the use of antibiotics: A randomized clinical trial
Full text linkTherapy of dog bite wounds often includes empirical usage of antibiotics. This prospective clinical study aimed to compare the efficacy of polyhexanide and hypochlorous acid in reducing bacterial wound bio-burden and preventing the necessity for prophylactic antibiotics and to monitor the prevalence of multidrug- resistant bacteria. Thirty-four dogs with 51 bite wounds were randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups. Wounds were surgically debrided and treated with polyhexanide or hypochlorous acid. Swabs for culturing were taken three times: before and directly after debridement and directly after lavage. Veterinary patients were further divided into post-surgery care with and without prophylactic antibiotics. Wound healing until suture removal was monitored. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model for ordinal data. Positive bacterial culture results after the first swab were obtained in 82.4 % wounds. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was overrepresented in wounds, which later on developed complications. Neisseria species and streptococci species were overrepresented in cases of delayed wound closure. In 41.2 % of wounds multi-drug resistant bacteria could be detected. No negative effect of occurrence of multi-drug resistant bacteria on wound healing was observed. None of the compared antiseptics showed a significantly better wound decontamination. No superior antiseptic was found for wound lavage. Hypochlorous acid-based antiseptics provide the practical advantage of a shorter contact time. Prophylactic antibiotics should always be considered in severe dog bite wounds and might not be needed in low grade bite wounds