33,460 research outputs found
Measurement of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
Get PDFMeasurements of the differential and double-differential Drell-Yan cross sections are presented using an integrated luminosity of 4.5 (4.8) fb−1 in the dimuon (dielectron) channel of proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at s√ = 7 TeV. The measured inclusive cross section in the Z-peak region (60–120 GeV) is σ(ℓℓ) = 986.4 ± 0.6 (stat.) ± 5.9 (exp. syst.) ± 21.7 (th. syst.) ± 21.7 (lum.) pb for the combination of the dimuon and dielectron channels. Differential cross sections dσ/dm for the dimuon, dielectron, and combined channels are measured in the mass range 15 to 1500 GeV and corrected to the full phase space. Results are also presented for the measurement of the double-differential cross section d2σ/dm d|y| in the dimuon channel over the mass range 20 to 1500 GeV and absolute dimuon rapidity from 0 to 2.4. These measurements are compared to the predictions of perturbative QCD calculations at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading orders using various sets of parton distribution functions
Neural Multimodal Belief Tracker with Adaptive Attention for Dialogue Systems
No full textMultimodal dialogue systems are attracting increasing attention with a more natural and informative way for human-computer interaction. As one of its core components, the belief tracker estimates the user's goal at each step of the dialogue and provides a direct way to validate the ability of dialogue understanding. However, existing studies on belief trackers are largely limited to textual modality, which cannot be easily extended to capture the rich semantics in multimodal systems such as those with product images. For example, in fashion domain, the visual appearance of clothes play a crucial role in understanding the user's intention. In this case, the existing belief trackers may fail to generate accurate belief states for a multimodal dialogue system.In this paper, we present the first neural multimodal belief tracker (NMBT) to demonstrate how multimodal evidence can facilitate semantic understanding and dialogue state tracking. Given the multimodal inputs, while applying a textual encoder to represent textual utterances, the model gives special consideration to the semantics revealed in visual modality. It learns concept level fashion semantics by delving deep into image sub-regions and integrating concept probabilities via multiple instance learning. Then in each turn, an adaptive attention mechanism learns to automatically emphasize on different evidence sources of both visual and textual modalities for more accurate dialogue state prediction. We perform extensive evaluation on a multi-turn task-oriented dialogue dataset in fashion domain and the results show that our method achieves superior performance as compared to a wide range of baselines
Measurement of the low-mass Drell-Yan differential cross section at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector
Get PDFThe differential cross section for the process Z/γ ∗ → ℓℓ (ℓ = e, μ) as a function of dilepton invariant mass is measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ATLAS detector. The measurement is performed in the e and μ channels for invariant masses between 26 GeV and 66 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 1.6 fb−1 collected in 2011 and these measurements are combined. The analysis is extended to invariant masses as low as 12 GeV in the muon channel using 35 pb−1 of data collected in 2010. The cross sections are determined within fiducial acceptance regions and corrections to extrapolate the measurements to the full kinematic range are provided. Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD predictions provide a significantly better description of the results than next-to-leading-order QCD calculations, unless the latter are matched to a parton shower calculation
Cloning and analysis of pppg1 , an inducible endopolygalacturonase gene from the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora parasitica
No full textSelection of internal control genes for real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays in the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora parasitica
No full textA class of nonlocal integrodifferential equations via fractional derivative and its mild solutions
No full textTyt. z nagł.Pozostali autorzy art.: X. Yan, X.-H. Zhang, T.-M. Wang, X.-Z. Li.References p. 132-134.Dostępny również w formie drukowanej.ABSTRACT: In this paper, we discuss a class of integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions via a fractional derivative of the type: [formula]. Some sufficient conditions for the existence of mild solutions for the above system are given. The main tools are the resolvent operators and fixed point theorems due to Banach's fixed point theorem, Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem and Schaefer's fixed point theorem. At last, an example is given for demonstration. KEYWORDS: integrodifferential equations, fractional derivative, nonlocal conditions, resolvent operator and their norm continuity, fixed point theorem, mild solutions
Constraining Z' widths from p<sub>T</sub> measurements in Drell-Yan processes
No full textWe define a Focus Point (FP) Asymmetry, AFP, obtained by integrating the normalised transverse momentum distribution of either lepton produced in the Drell-Yan (DY) process below and above a point where a variety of popular Z' models all have the same magnitude. For a given Z' mass the position of this FP is predictable, depending only on the collider energy and on the low transverse momentum cut chosen in the normalisation procedure. The resulting AFP is very sensitive to the Z' width, and can be used to constrain this parameter in experimental fits
Lyman break galaxies and the star formation rate of the Universe at z ~ 6
Get PDFWe determine the space density of UV-luminous starburst galaxies at z≈ 6 using deep HST ACS SDSS-i′ (F775W) and SDSS-z′ (F850LP) and VLT ISAAC J and Ks band imaging of the Chandra Deep Field South. We find eight galaxies and one star with (i′−z′) > 1.5 to a depth of z′AB= 25.6 (an 8σ detection in each of the 3 available ACS epochs). This corresponds to an unobscured star formation rate of ≈15 h−270 M⊙ yr−1 at z= 5.9, equivalent to L* for the Lyman-break population at z= 3–4 (ΩΛ= 0.7, ΩM= 0.3). We are sensitive to star-forming galaxies at 5.6 ≲z≲ 7.0 with an effective comoving volume of ≈1.8 × 105h−370 Mpc3 after accounting for incompleteness at the higher redshifts due to luminosity bias. This volume should encompass the primeval subgalactic-scale fragments of the progenitors of about a thousand L* galaxies at the current epoch. We determine a volume-averaged global star formation rate of (6.7 ± 2.7) × 10−4h70 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at z∼ 6 from rest-frame UV selected starbursts at the bright end of the luminosity function: this is a lower limit because of dust obscuration and galaxies below our sensitivity limit. This measurement shows that at z∼ 6 the star formation density at the bright end is a factor of ∼6 times less than that determined by Steidel et al. for a comparable sample of UV-selected galaxies at z= 3–4, and so extends our knowledge of the star formation history of the Universe to earlier times than previous work and into the epoch where reionization may have occurred
Molecular evidence that aphid-transmitted Alpinia mosaic virus is a tentative member of the genus Macluravirus
No full textCognitive load theory and e-learning
No full textVan Mierlo, C. M., Jarodzka, H., Kirschner, F., & Kirschner, P. A. (2012). Cognitive load theory in e-learning. In Z. Yan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cyber behavior (pp. 1178-1211). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.Cognitive load can be assessed and monitored using a multitude of subjective (self-reports, i.e. Hart &
Staveland, 1988; Paas, 1992) and more objective methods (dual tasks, eye-tracking, heart-rate measurements,
skin conductance measurements, cf. Brünken, Plass, & Leutner, 2003; Beatty, 1982, Paas,
van Merriënboer, & Adam, 1994), either during the learning or afterwards, so that instruction can be
optimized based on mental effort data using iterative design (a cyclic process of prototyping, testing,
analyzing, and refining a product or process, ultimately improving the quality and functionality of the
design). Computer simulations provide an excellent environment to apply CLT principles. However, such
e-environments are technically complex and therefore add to extraneous load. Separating the technical
knowledge of how to use the computer interface from the actual conceptual knowledge using sequencing
should reduce this load to a reasonable extent (cf. Clarke, Ayres & Sweller, 2006). The authors provide
guidelines on how to use CLT in the design of e-environments and discuss what future directions can be
taken to further optimize the design of such environments
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