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Muon Track Matching
No full textFor most physical processes the tracks observed in the muon stations must be matched with the corresponding tracks in the inner tracker, the external muon system providing muon identification and triggering but the tracker points giving the precise momentum measurement at lower momenta. For high momenta the momentum resolution is much improved by the interconnection of inner and outer measurements. The matching of outer and inner measurements is more delicate in case of muons embedded in jets. A study of the matching procedure was carried out using samples of b anti-b jets at high Pt, requiring b anti-b -> muon decays
Exploratory meeting on enabling AI in HEP experiment and theory: software/tools, operations, wider engagement and skills capacity
No full textOver the past three decades, High Energy Physics (HEP) has successfully leveraged Artificial Intelligence (AI) across numerous aspects, including data analysis, theory calculations, detector calibration/monitoring, and real-time data selection. AI’s importance in HEP is only set to grow further, and it is essential to the future of the field that it fully exploits its potential, but the UK community currently lacks a strategic and coordinated approach to achieve this goal. Establishing a UK AI HEP framework is essential to overcome common barriers and challenges while harnessing opportunities in areas such as hardware, software, AI-ops, skills/training, knowledge exchange, capacity building, industry engagement, and fast-AI. To address this need, a community workshop was held in October 2024, and this document details its findings, including a concise summary of recommendations. This document provides a preliminary action plan towards enabling AI for HEP in the UK and acts as input to the UK's submission to the European Strategy for Particle Physics. Appendix A contains a more detailed workshop summary, and Appendix B contains case-studies from the application of AI in HEP
EN Newsletter Issue #2 - 21 June 2021
No full textInside this issue: Page 1: Editorial - Lars Jensen, DAO corner – Rachelle Decreuse-Michaud, Safety risk analysis - EN Safety office, Analyse des risques - Service Sécurité EN, Scheduling Tools Project – Julie Coupard and Antoine Ansel, Pollution Dispersion Simulations with ANSYS Fluent in the CFD Team – Uwe Kauflin , Optical fibre sensing technology - Diego Di Francesca and Daniel Ricci, Infor EAM: Asset & Maintenance Management Platform at CERN – David Widegren, Additive Manufacturing, let your imagination take over! - Gilles Favre and Romain Gérar
Arithmetical functions: an introduction to elementary and analytic properties of arithmetic functions and to some of their almost-periodic properties
No full textConsolidation of the Superconducting Circuits Energy Extraction Systems at the Large Hadron Collider
No full textAt the beginning of the next long shutdown, fore-
seen mid 2026, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will have been
in operation for almost 20 years. After this period, the opera-
tion of the present Energy Extraction (EE) systems, that are part
of the protection of the superconducting circuits of the LHC, will
present significant challenges. As many system components will
have exceeded their expected lifetimes, the risks of failure, system
degradation, and obsolescence increase, ultimately compromising
operational performance and safety. Although preventive main-
tenance is regularly performed on the EE facilities, an extensive
consolidation program of these facilities has started, to improve
their dependability and assure their performance till the end of
operation of the LHC. This paper illustrates the two projects of
consolidation of the 600 A and 13 kA EE systems, which aim to
modernize and optimize these systems, ensuring that they continue
to provide reliable protection while reducing maintenance costs and
integrating the latest advances in materials, control technologies,
and diagnostics, together with enhanced safety
Design Strategies for Beam Impedance Reduction of Kicker Magnets in Particle Accelerators
No full textIn high-energy particle accelerators, kicker magnets are essential for injecting and extracting particle beams using fast-pulsed magnetic fields. A key challenge in their design is minimizing beam coupling impedance to maintain beam stability and reduce beam induced power losses while preserving the fast rise and fall times of the magnetic pulse. This paper presents inno- vative principles and mechanical approaches for reducing beam impedance in several kicker magnets operating under vacuum across the CERN complex. Kicker magnets use ferrite or laminated steel as a magnetic yoke, which is susceptible to beam-induced heating. The proposed techniques aim to screen the yoke, provide a low impedance path for the beam image current, and eliminate cavities that could generate resonances. Simultaneously, the screen must allow the passage of fast pulsed magnetic fields. Techniques include the insertion of ceramic chambers holding screen conduc- tors, serigraphy of conductive paint, or thin metallization by sput- tering. Bridges can eliminate cavities between adjacent magnets or vacuum vessels. The performance of these design strategies is evaluated through a combination of high-frequency simulations, laboratory impedance measurements, magnetic field assessments, and temperature monitoring of kicker magnets after installation in accelerators. The results demonstrate significant improvements up to 60-fold decrease, which are discussed in detail. This work establishes a foundation for further innovations in kicker magnet design, with the potential to enhance existing systems and guide the development for future accelerators such as FCC-ee, with shorter bunches, where the impedance is even more important
Exploring Hybrid Designs for a 14 T Common Coil Demonstrator Magnet (DAISY)
No full textBuilding on the initial magnetic design of DAISY,
the 14 T common coil magnet demonstrator being developed at
CIEMAT under the High Field Magnet (HFM) programme, this pa-
per investigates the feasibility of hybrid designs combining Nb3Sn
and NbTi for high- and low-field regions, respectively. The primary
goal is to minimise superconductor usage while ensuring that the
magnet meets the functional requirements of future collider appli-
cations, such as the Future Circular Hadron Collider (FCC-hh).
The study examines the potential to achieve accelerator-grade field
quality without ancillary coils and to maintain minimal multi-
pole variation between low and nominal currents, highlighting
the trade-offs in superconductor efficiency. Comparisons are made
with all Nb3Sn designs, including magnet protection, to identify the
relative advantages and limitations of hybrid layouts. The results
offer valuable insights into optimising superconductor usage and
refining design strategies for next-generation high-field common
coil magnets, addressing the unique challenges associated with
hybrid configurations
Fabrication of a Curved-Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCCT) Dipole at CERN
No full textCanted Cosine Theta (CCT) magnet is an interesting design for compact accelerators or gantry systems for hadron-therapy. It offers great flexibility in generating complex field harmonics in straight and curved configurations while remaining compact. The Fusillo project based at CERN aims to design, build, and test a Nb-Ti curved CCT dipole demonstrator generating 3 T at 4.5 K in a large aperture of 236 mm, bent over 90◦ with a small bending radius of 1 m, and multi-harmonic field features to correct for the curvature. In this paper, we describe the fabrication process, the winding and the assembly of a Fusillo demonstrator that at present is being cold tested in liquid helium
Design Study of a Low Field Dipole for the FCC-Ee Booster Ring
No full textThe FCC-ee booster dipoles are low-field iron-dominated cycled H-type magnets. They consist of an 11-meter-long laminated steel yoke with anodized aluminium busbars instead of coils. The magnet is required to operate at fields down to 6.5 mT for 20Ge V injection. At such low field levels parasitic effects become significant, for example, the Earth’s magnetic field, yoke hysteresis, and stray fields from cables. This poses a unique set of design challenges that are answered in this paper. The hysteretic effect is modelled, and the cross-section of the magnet is optimised to obtain the required field quality across the full cycle from 6.5 mT to 59 mT. The predictive power of the hysteresis model is validated by the test of a similar magnet from CERN stock. Finally, magnetic measurements from a short prototype magnet are reported. The test results confirm that the proposed magnet meets the design requirements, demonstrating the feasibility of dipoles for 20Ge V booster injection energy