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Performance and Reliability Evaluation of NbSn MQXFB Quadrupoles for the HL-LHC at Midpoint Production
No full textAt the heart of the High-Luminosity Project (HL-LHC) to upgrade the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), new Nb 3 Sn superconducting quadrupole magnets will be installed on each side of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Half of these magnets are built by CERN and are called MQXFB. A total of 12 MQXFB magnets are being constructed for installation: two to be installed in the Inner Triplet (IT) String facility, for systems qualification; four to be installed in the LHC near ATLAS; four to be installed in the LHC near CMS, and two spare magnets. In the
last two years, the first seven MQXFB magnets have been tested and qualified up to nominal current in nominal operating conditions. In this paper we present the tests and analyze the magnets’ performance, with emphasis on qualification, non-conformity detection, and reliability evaluation
The Role of High Temperature Superconductors for a 10 TeV Muon Collider
No full textThe international particle physics community, among various options for developing future high-energy particle colliders and exploring fundamental interactions, considers Muon Colliders (MC) as a significant opportunity to achieve high discovery potential and integrated luminosity compatible with a compact and cost-effective accelerator machine. An international muon collider collaboration (IMCC) has recently been established, following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP), to develop a conceptual design for a Muon Collider with a 10 TeV center-of-mass energy. From the analysis of the collider's various magnetic components, large stored energies for the capture and cooling solenoids, very high magnetic fields up to 40 T for the final cooling solenoids, and large bore (up to 140 mm) and high-field combined function magnets for the accelerator and collider rings are required. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) enable the technology to address these challenges and achieve the required collider performances. Given the peculiar accelerator stages of the muon collider, most superconducting magnets are required to operate in steady-state mode, with normal-conducting dipoles handling rapid acceleration and fast field variations, allowing the use of HTS-coated conductors to enhance magnet performance compared to low-temperature superconductors (LTS) technology. This aspect is also fundamental in advancing the energy efficiency and sustainability goals of next-generation accelerator facilities for high-energy physics. By enabling magnet operation at temperatures above liquid helium, HTS offer the potential to significantly reduce the energy consumption of entire accelerator complexes. This energy-saving capability must be increasingly prioritized in magnet design strategies with different impacts on the collider performance, cost, and feasibility. In this paper, we elaborate on the above aspects, discussing the technological challenges for the 10 TeV muon collider configuration and how HTS will make them viable and efficient to pave the way to new compact and high-performance particle collider machines capable of overcoming the current energy frontier.The international particle physics community, among
various options for developing future high-energy particle colliders
and exploring fundamental interactions, considers Muon Colliders
(MC) as a significant opportunity to achieve high discovery potential and integrated luminosity compatible with a compact and
cost-effective accelerator machine. An international muon collider
collaboration (IMCC) has recently been established, following the
recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics
(ESPP), to develop a conceptual design for a Muon Collider with
a 10 TeV center-of-mass energy. From the analysis of the collider’s
various magnetic components, large stored energies for the capture
and cooling solenoids, very high magnetic fields up to 40 T for the
final cooling solenoids, and large bore (up to 140 mm) and high-field
combined function magnets for the accelerator and collider rings
are required. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) enable the
technology to address these challenges and achieve the required
collider performances. Given the peculiar accelerator stages of
the muon collider, most superconducting magnets are required
to operate in steady-state mode, with normal-conducting dipoles
handling rapid acceleration and fast field variations, allowing the
use of HTS-coated conductors to enhance magnet performance
compared to low-temperature superconductors (LTS) technology.
This aspect is also fundamental in advancing the energy efficiency
and sustainability goals of next-generation accelerator facilities for
high-energy physics. By enabling magnet operation at temperatures above liquid helium, HTS offer the potential to significantl
PRISMAC: A R&D; Program and a New Dedicated Laboratory for Very High Field Superconducting Magnets
No full textFor the development at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) of the post-LHC accelerator infrastructures, HL-LHC (High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider) and FCC (Future Circular Collider), a new generation of energy-efficient magnets with extreme mechanical constraints, capable of generating high-quality magnetic fields up to 14 T (operational) will be required. These magnets will be based on technological knowledge currently under development and new superconducting materials. To foster the Spanish efforts to contribute to these strategic goals, CIEMAT (Research Center for Energy, Environment and Technology), CDTI (Center for Technological Development and Innovation), and CERN signed three collaboration agreements in 2019 within the framework of PRISMAC (Very High Field Superconducting Magnets Program). This paper depicts the progress of the PRISMAC program activities and the tasks foreseen to achieve its goals. PRISMAC is based on three work packages: i) the delivery of the nested orbit correctors MCBXF for the HL-LHC, ii) the construction of a dedicated laboratory at CIEMAT for prototyping and testing high-field magnets, and iii) the development and assembly of Nb3Sn demonstrator magnets for the FCC study. There is an extension of the program for the design and development of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnets for future needs. The PRISMAC program is outlined, focusing on the commissioning of the new laboratory.For the development at CERN (European Center for
Nuclear Research) of the post-LHC accelerator infrastructures, HL-LHC (High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider) and FCC
(Future Circular Collider), a new generation of energy-efficient
magnets with extreme mechanical constraints, capable of generating high-quality magnetic fields up to 14 T (operational) will be
required. These magnets will be based on technological knowledge
currently under development and new superconducting materials. To foster the Spanish efforts to contribute to these strategic
goals, CIEMAT (Research Center for Energy, Environment and
Technology), CDTI (Center for Technological Development and
Innovation), and CERN signed three collaboration agreements in
2019 within the framework of PRISMAC (Very High Field Superconducting Magnets Program). This paper depicts the progress of
the PRISMAC program activities and the tasks foreseen to achieve
its goals. PRISMAC is based on three work packages: i) the delivery
of the nested orbit correctors MCBXF for the HL-LHC, ii) the construction of a dedicated laboratory at CIEMAT for prototyping and
testing high-field magnets, and iii) the development and assembly
of Nb3Sn demonstrator magnets for the FCC study. There is an
extension of the program for the design and development of High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnets for future needs.
The PRISMAC program is outlined, focusing on the commissioning
of the new laboratory
33rd International Conference on Supersymmetry and Unification of Fundamental Interactions
No full textDesign Comparison of Four-Layer Full-NbSn and Hybrid NbSn/NbTi Cos-Theta Dipoles for the CERN High Field Magnet R&D Programme
No full textThe High Field Magnet (HFM) R&D; programme at CERN aims to find technological solutions for the construction of accelerator magnets to be installed in future post-LHC colliders. The Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) and CERN are collaborating to design and fabricate a new four-layer cos-theta dipole able to achieve a bore field of 14T with at least 20% margin on the load-line. Two design options are under evaluation: a four-layer dipole entirely made of NbSn, and a hybrid configuration combining inner NbSn layers with outer NbTi layers. Both options are being assessed for feasibility as short models, with scalable design choices for longer magnet prototypes suitable for accelerator integration. This paper presents a comparative study of the performance of the two design options. The results provide insights into the trade-offs between performance, complexity, and protection constraints in the development of next-generation high-field dipole magnets. The Full-NbSn solution satisfies the HFM requirements, but the Hybrid solution is a promising, cost-effective alternative that can be considered for next-generation colliders
Metal as Insulation REBCO Racetracks Coils: Development, Fabrication, and Cryogenic Testing at CEA Paris-Saclay
No full textCEA-Saclay started the development of Metal-as-Insulation racetrack coils in as part of the High Field Magnet (HFM) CERN program. This winding method aims to significantly reduce the amount of High Temperature Superconductor material required to achieve relatively high magnetic induction and associated forces. CEA’s objectives are to fabricate and test a small racetrack coil to benchmark numerical models with experimental data. The insulated coil counterpart, operating at lower current densities and targeting high fields, is studied by CERN as part of the
HFM program. This paper focuses on the design, fabrication and quench tests at 4.2 K of two specific coils: a single racetrack coil and a double racetrack coil (DRT), each with 140 mm long straight part and 27 mm inner diameter. Both coils achieved very high overall current density (above 2300 A/mm2 ) and significant peak magnetic field on the conductor (8.5 T and 12.3 T respectively). A central magnetic field above 5 T was reached after a quench at 4.3 T in the DRT