7 research outputs found
Perencanaan unit pengolahan teh daun jati-kelor “Teateak” dengan kapasitas produksi 15.000 botol @250 ml/tahun
No full textDaun jati merupakan bagian tanaman yang memiliki manfaat
kesehatan seperti antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan lainnya. Daun kelor juga diketahui kaya akan antioksidan bermanfaat sebagai obat peradangan, obat infeksi bakteri/virus, dan obat kanker. Pemanfaatan kedua bahan tersebut yang masih rendah dapat menjadikan peluang usaha pengolahan daun jati dan daun kelor, salah satunya minuman teh. “TeateaK” merupakan produk minuman teh yang terbuat dari bubuk daun jati dan bubuk daun kelor. Usaha produk “TeateaK”
direncanakan berskala rumah tangga dengan kapasitas produksi 15.000 botol (@250 mL) per tahun. Bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan “TeateaK” adalah air, bubuk daun jati, bubuk daun kelor, kayu manis bubuk, dan gula aren. Tahapan pengolahan “TeateaK” terdiri dari pembuatan bubuk daun jati dan bubuk daun kelor, penimbangan bahan, pemanasan air, penyeduhan, penyaringan, dan pengemasan. Produk “TeateaK” dikemas menggunakan kemasan
botol PET dengan panjang 15 cm, diameter 5 cm, dan volume 250 mL. Harga jual produk ”TeateaK” sebesar Rp13.000,00 dengan keuntungan sebesar 74,31%. Unit usaha “TeateaK” termasuk dalam usaha mikro dengan tenaga kerja sebanyak dua orang dan 6 hari kerja per minggu (total 40 jam kerja). Lokasi usaha terletak di Perumahan Puri Mojopahit F-21, Banjaragung, Kecamatan Puri, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur. Pemasaran dilakukan melalui media sosial dan distribusi produk menggunakan jasa pengiriman. Evaluasi usaha produksi “TeateaK” dinyatakan layak berdasarkan Rate or Return setelah pajak sebesar 56,99%; Pay Out Time setelah pajak sebesar 20,7 bulan; dan Break-Even Point sebesar 57,00%
Proses pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit di PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk.
No full textPT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk., adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit yang beroperasi dalam skala besar di Indonesia. Salah satu pabrik PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk., terletak di Jalan Tanjung Tembaga No.2-6, Perak Barat, Kecamatan Krembangan, Surabaya dengan luas lahan sebesar ±6,5 Ha. Perusahaan ini menggunakan bahan baku Crude Palm Oil yang berasal dari perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Proses pengolahan kelapa sawit menjadi minyak goreng terbagi atas proses penjernihan (Refinery) dan proses pemisahan (Fractination). Minyak goreng kelapa sawit yang dihasilkan, akan dikemas dalam masing-masing jenis kemasan yang telah ditentukan seperti jerrycan, botol, dan juga standing pouch. Minyak kelapa sawit dari proses pengolahan hingga menjadi produk jadi, diuji kualitasnya oleh Quality Control dengan mematuhi semua SOP yang berlaku agar didapatkan produk akhir sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Limbah yang dihasilkan oleh PT Salim Ivomas Pratama Tbk. memiliki berbagai macam jenis selama proses pengolahan yaitu limbah cair, limbah padat, dan limbah bahan berbahaya beracun yang nantinya akan diolah oleh pihak ketiga
ASO Author Reflections: Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Downstaging Strategies Open the Gate to Surgery and Cure
No full textInternational audienc
Tradução comentada de a Sentimental Journey de Laurence Sterne
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.Este trabalho parte da tradução de A Sentimental Journey, de Laurence Sterne, para fazer um exame de questões ligadas à narrativa quando confrontadas com a necessidade da tradução. Para tal, serão consideradas a oscilação entre o sentimental e o humor e a fronteira sutil que os separa ao longo do romance, a ironia, a paródia, bem como as estratégias adotadas na tradução proposta e em outras já publicadas no Brasil This study will look at the translation of Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey and examine certain translational issues arising from the narrative. These include the oscillation between sentimental and humorous elements and the fine line that separates them throughout the novel, use of irony, parody, and also translational strategies adopted by the author, and by others in previous translations of the work in Brazil
Invasive alien predators overturn the spatial-scaling laws of biocomplexity: Data and R codes to run analyses and to reproduce figures.
No full textInvasive alien predators overturn the spatial-scaling laws of biocomplexity: Data and R codes to run analyses and to reproduce figures.This archive contains data and R codes to run analyses and to reproduce figures for "Invasive alien predators overturn the spatial-scaling laws of biocomplexity". All R codes are carefully commented. They require that you provide the location where you downloaded and uncompressed the archive on your computer using the following command: setwd("path_to_archive_location/Supplementary_Materials_Zenodo/"). Paths to files in R codes are for a Linux machine and separate folders with a slash "/". In case you are running these codes on a MS Windows machine, backslashes "\" should be used instead. Any request should be sent to [email protected]. Data folder contains: Inventory_data_formatted.txt: raw biodiversity data at each sampling session. ROWS: One row is a species at a given sampling session. COLUMNS: Milieux: habitat type (pond or marsh) Id_Sites: sampling site identity Annee: year of sampling Date: month of sampling Taxon: species identity as recording on the field Technique.d.echantillonnage: sampling technique Surface: habitat surface area in m2 sampid: identity of sampling session Observation_matrix.txt: 61 x 61 matrix for the number of times a trophic interaction was studied in the literature (reported as either present or absent). Contains 0 when no report was available, or a positive integer. ROWS: a trophic species as a prey. COLUMNS: the same trophic species as predators. Paper_list.txt: list of papers used in the literature review. ROWS: a paper. COLUMNS: Author: first author Year: year of publication Title: title of publication. Journal. Volume. DOI: when available Taxa_names_matrices.txt: contains list of trophic-species names in the order as they appear in the metaweb. Trophic_link_matrix.txt: 61 x 61 matrix for the number of times a trophic interaction was reported as present in the literature. Includes NA if no observation was available (corresponding to a 0 entry in Observation_matrix.txt). ROWS: a trophic species as a prey. COLUMNS: the same trophic species as predators. Metaweb folder contains: Missing_links subfolder contains: JAGS_model_for_missing_links.R: R script to run the latent-link model. This requires to also have JAGS installed on your machine (https://mcmc-jags.sourceforge.io/). Link_occupancy_model.jags: latent-link model in JAGS language. Link_occupancy_SAMPLES.txt: posterior-samples data from JAGS model. Link_occupancy_SUMMARY.txt: summary of the JAGS model. Used to produce Table S1 in Supporting Information. Impute_missing_links.R: R script to impute missing trophic links (NAs in initial Trophic_link_matrix.txt file) from posterior model samples. Produces Weighted_link_matrix.txt file. Weighted_link_matrix.txt: 61 x 61 matrix for the probability of a trophic link between a prey (row) and a predator (column). Used to produce the metaweb matrix by setting a link as present above an arbitrary probability threshold. Metaweb_figure subfolder contains: Truncate_latin_names_function.R: R function to truncate trophic-species names for clearer metaweb plotting. Metaweb_figure.R: R scripts to produce figure of the metaweb (Fig. 2 in manuscript). Species_role_figure subfolder contains: R script to produce figure of species roles in the metaweb (Fig. 3 in manuscript). Local_food_webs folder: Local_food_web_reconstruction subfolder contains: Reconstruct_local_observed_food_webs.R: R script to produce local food-web data at each sampling sessions. Reconstruct_local_food_web_function.R: R function to compute local food-web descriptors at each sampling session from local biodiversity and and metaweb. Local_reconstructed_food_webs_imputed_missing_links.txt: Local food-web data. Surface_bioinvaders_Model_and_Figure subfolder contains: Surface_bioinvader_Models_and_Figure.R: R script to produce abundance-area relationships in bioinvaders (Fig. 1 in manuscript) and summaries for the three models (Table S2 in Supporting Information). Summary_tables.txt: Model summaries as reported in Table S2. Surface_community_Models_and_Figure subfolder contains: Model_function_surface_community.R: R function used specifically to run models and produce summary statistics in Anova.table.txt and Summary.table.txt. Surface_community_Models_and_Figure.R: R script calling Model_function_surface_community.R to produce Fig. S1 (effects of bioinvader presence on SARs of native species within specific taxonomic groups, Supporting Information), as well as model summaries and anova tables testing for significance of effects. Surface_food_webs_Models_and_Figure subfolder contains: Model_function_surface_food_webs.R: R function used specifically to run models and produce summary statistics in Anova.table_imputed_missing_links.txt and Summary.table_imputed_missing_links.txt. Surface_effects_food_webs_Models_and_Figure.R: R script calling Model_function_surface_food_webs.R to produce Fig. 4 of the effects of bioinvaders on the SAR and NARs (manuscript), as well as model summaries and anova tables testing for significance of effects
First-line chemotherapy with selective internal radiation therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The French ACABi GERCOR PRONOBIL cohort
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Aims: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) is a promising option for liver-only unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The Real-SIRTCCA study retrospectively assessed the benefit of adding SIRT to chemotherapy in this setting within the French nationwide observational cohort ACABi-GERCOR-PRONOBIL. Methods: Inclusion criteria were advanced iCCA with limited or no extrahepatic disease, treated with first-line gemcitabine plus platinum chemotherapy +/- concurrent SIRT. All patients treated with chemotherapy and concurrent SIRT were included. To ensure groups' similarity, a rigorous selection was applied to the chemo-only group, with exclusion of patients with liver involvement >50% and extrahepatic metastases. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and tumor resection rate. Propensity score and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) propensity approaches were used to address confounding factors between groups. Results: Between July 2007 and December 2023, 277 patients met the Real-SIRTCCA inclusion criteria, with 88 in the chemoSIRT group and 189 in chemo-only group. Chemo-SIRT was associated with longer PFS (median = 10.8 vs. 5.5 months, hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.41-0.71, p <0.0001), a trend for longer OS (median = 22.5 vs. 15.1 months, HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.571.01), higher ORR (58.3% vs. 28.5%, odds ratio [OR] 3.51, 95% CI 2.03-6.09, p <0.0001), and resection rate (18.7% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.0279) compared to chemo-alone. After IPTW, the superiority of chemo-SIRT was confirmed with better PFS (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.45-0.66, p <0,0001), OS (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.85, p = 0.0004), ORR (OR 3.17, 95% CI 2.18-4.49, p <0.0001) and resection rate (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.71-5.03, p <0.0001). Conclusions: Adding SIRT to first-line chemotherapy significantly improved survival outcomes, ORR, and secondary tumor resection rates in locally advanced iCCA. Prospective randomized data are needed to confirm these results. Clinical trial number: NCT04935853. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Convergent evolution of plant prickles by repeated gene co-option over deep time
No full textAn enduring question in evolutionary biology concerns the degree to which episodes of convergent trait evolution depend on the same genetic programs, particularly over long timescales. In this work, we genetically dissected repeated origins and losses of prickles—sharp epidermal projections—that convergently evolved in numerous plant lineages. Mutations in a cytokinin hormone biosynthetic gene caused at least 16 independent losses of prickles in eggplants and wild relatives in the genus
Solanum
. Homologs underlie prickle formation across angiosperms that collectively diverged more than 150 million years ago, including rice and roses. By developing new
Solanum
genetic systems, we leveraged this discovery to eliminate prickles in a wild species and an indigenously foraged berry. Our findings implicate a shared hormone activation genetic program underlying evolutionarily widespread and recurrent instances of plant morphological innovation.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows reusers to distribute, remix,
adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for
commercial use. The attached file is the Author Manuscript - you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite it.NHM Repositor
