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Le Miroir des sots de Nigel de Longchamps
No full textInternational audienceFirst French translation, with commentary, of Nigel de Longchamps' (Wireker) work, Speculum Stultorum. A poem of 4000 elegiac lines, composed in Latin by this Anglo-Norman monk of the late 12th century, in which he makes, through the tribulations and encounters of the donkey Burnellus, a fierce satire of the papacy and the various religious orders of his time,Cet ouvrage propose la première traduction française, avec commentaires, de l'ouvrage de Nigel de Longchamps (Wireker), Speculum Stultorum. Il s'agit du poème de 4000 vers élégiaques, composé en latin par ce moine anglo-normand de la fin du XIIe siècle, dans lequel il fait, à travers les tribulations et les rencontres de l'âne Burnellus, une satire féroce de la papauté et es différents ordres religieux de son temps
Réformes du DELF-DALF (2002 – 2005) : réceptions et témoignages d’acteurs du FLE
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Introduction
No full textInternational audienceState of the art, issues, concepts and perspectives for the transnational study of European nobility over a long periodEtat de l'art, enjeux, concepts et perspectives pour l'étude transnationale des noblesses européennes sur une longue duré
Survie de la réserve de propriété malgré la prescription extinctive de la créance garantie
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Deep evolutionary conservation of a sex-determining locus without sequence homology
No full textInternational audienceSex determination is fundamental to eukaryotic life, yet its molecular basis varies widely across the tree of life. In most animal clades, sex-determining mechanisms are highly diverse and evolve rapidly. Here, we identify an exception in aculeate Hymenoptera, an ancient and diverse clade of haplodiploid insects that includes ants, bees, and stinging wasps. By integrating comparative genomics across Hymenoptera with genetic mapping in bumblebees and hornets, we reveal that the ANTSR locus, a multiallelic noncoding locus, has been maintained for over 150 My as the primary instructive signal for female development. This locus is located in a conserved synteny block that originated at the base of Aculeata and functions as a highly polymorphic, zygosity-based sex determiner, with only heterozygous individuals developing as females across lineages. Despite its deep evolutionary conservation, this sex locus shows no detectable sequence homology among lineages. These findings demonstrate that an essential noncoding locus can retain its function over deep evolutionary time without sequence conservation. More broadly, our results highlight haplodiploid insects as a powerful model for studying the evolution of sex determination mechanisms beyond those linked to sex chromosomes
Approche onto-phraséologique pour l’extraction automatique des relations idiomatiques
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LIM kinase/inhibitor binding study in cell lysates using microscale thermophoresis in the red spectrum
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Cellular function depends on complex molecular interactions that activate signaling pathways - central to drug discovery projects. LIM kinases (LIMKs) are attractive therapeutic targets implicated in various diseases, yet no clinically approved LIMK inhibitors exist, likely due to limited understanding of their molecular behavior under near-physiological conditions. This breach stems in part from the difficulty in purifying these proteins. To address this, there is a crucial need for a simple and rapid method to determine LIMK-inhibitor binding affinities (Kd values) directly in cell lysates, bypassing challenging purification and immobilization steps.Results: The monomeric near-infrared fluorescent protein miRFP670 (excitation/emission: 640/680 nm) is an advantageous fluorescent tag for microscale thermophoresis (MST) assays in cell lysates. The miRFP670-tagged LIMKs were successfully overexpressed in HEK293 cells, characterized, and validated by western blotting. MST assay conditions - including MST buffer composition and target storage - were carefully optimized and negative controls were consistently used to ensure data reproducibility as well as assay specificity. The MST conditions were as follows: miRFP670-kinases at a fixed concentration of a few tens of nM in cell lysate supplemented with 30 % (v/v) glycerol for convenient storage; 0.005 % (v/v) DMSO in the MST buffer; 37 ◦C; 20 % LED power; medium MST power; and standard capillaries. The presence of 0.1 % Triton X-100 in the MST buffer was essential to prevent protein aggregation, as evidenced by smooth MST time traces. The reproducibility and stability of signals across all capillaries attest to the optimality of the incubation conditions and the attainment of a stable binding equilibrium. This consistency also validates the robustness of the assay. MST analysis of cell lysates yielded Kd values for full-length and kinase domains and show strong agreement with literature where available. Notably, sub-micromolar Kd values were confirmed for the reference inhibitors LX7101, BMS-5, and TH-257, with slight differences observed between full-length LIMKs and their kinase domains - differences often overlooked in the literature.Significance and novelty: This work establishes the first detailed production, characterization, and use of miRFP670 in MST-based evaluation of biomolecular interactions under near-native conditions. miRFP670 operates in a spectral region (red) with minimal cellular autofluorescence, enhancing signal specificity and sensitivity. This approach offers a straightforward and broadly applicable, purification-free platform for early-stage drug discovery
Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
No full textInternational audienceMagnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems, can help to understand observables that otherwise show a puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than Λ_QCD, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. In this work we provide a comprehensive review of recent developments on the description of QED and QCD systems where magnetic field driven effects are important. These include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work represents a state-of-the-art review of the field, motivated by presentations and discussions during the "Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields" that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25-29, 2023
Sesquiterpene diversity and TPS-a gene characterization in the pelargonium genus
No full textInternational audienceSesquiterpenes are key molecules nurturing the complex and subtle base notes of pelargonium fragrances. Yet, their contribution to the essential oil olfactory profile and their biosynthesis are far from being well understood. We therefore explored sesquiterpene composition in 10 pelargonium accessions and revealed that, although lowly accumulated, their wide diversity participates to the biochemical uniqueness of each fragrance. We further investigated sesquiterpene biosynthesis thanks to a multiomic approach, integrating transcriptomic together with metabolomic data. A phylogenetic analysis of pelargonium TPS-a subfamily first revealed a total of 21 groups of orthology and denoted a strong transcriptional regulation of related enzymes. Seven sesquiterpene synthases were then wisely selected for functional characterization, both in vitro and in planta. Among them, two 6,9-guaidiene synthases were characterized for the first time in plants. Finally, we explored the role of amino acids located in the active site of sesquiterpene synthases in the enzymatic mechanism using site-directed mutagenesis. Altogether, this work highlights the great potential of the multiomic approach to predict TPS functions, but also exposes its limitations, inherent to terpene synthase's plasticity.</div
