7 research outputs found
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA NY.S GP000 USIA KEHAMILAN 32 MINGGU DENGAN ANEMIA RINGAN DI BPS BIDAN DINA ANGGRAINI SINGGOSARI - MALANG
No full textInactive alleles of cytochrome P450 2C19 may be positively selected in human evolution
No full text© 2014 Janha et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain
Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article,
unless otherwise stated
The fellowship of St.Diogo : new Christian judaisers in Coimbra in the early 17th century
No full textDr Antonio Homem was a respected teacher in the University of Coimbra, a Canon in the Cathedral and an illustrious scholar. He was also the heir of a long Jewish family tradition. His great-great-grand father lived and died as a Jew. His great-grandfather, his grandmother and two of his uncles were among his relatives to have been sentenced
as judaisers by the Inquisition. His own father kept the Law of Moses, and taught it to all his children, without the knowledge of his wife, an Old Christian of noble lineage.
His concern for the situation of the New Christians in Portugal eventually made him build up a congregation of judaisers, which he called the Fellowship of St Diogo as a tribute to a Capuchin friar who had been executed a few years earlier as an apostate and defender of the Jewish Law. His congregation grew to include over sixty people,
including clerics, physicians, lawyers and students, as well as merchants and farmers. Its leader gave it a corpus of doctrine and eventually a distinctive liturgy, which showed influence from the Catholic Church. The Fellowship also inspired the creation of judaiser conventicles
in three major Monasteries in the Coimbra district, where a relatively large number of nuns held cult meetings and paid homage to Friar Diogo as a martyr of the Law of Moses.
After several years of activity, the Fellowship was investigated and dismantled by the Inquisition. Most of its members were arrested and sentenced. Dr AntOnio Homem was himself taken into custody, charged with heresy and apostasy, as well as sodomy (he was a known paederast), and finally handed over to the secular arm for execution.
His dream of building up a judaiser community in Coimbra was shattered. The Fellowship members who survived either left the country and joined the orthodox Jewish communities in the Netherlands and elsewhere, or stayed in Portugal and gradually lost their Jewish consciousness. Descendants
of some of them can still be found near Coimbra
Genetic diversity in the Leishmania donovani complex.
No full textThe Leishmania donovani complex comprises four described species: L.
donovani, L. archibaldi, L. infantum and L. chagasi. L. chagasi is the only New World
species and has been considered similar to L. infantum, although some authors insist
on maintenance of its independent species status. L. donovani has at least two major
epidemiological subgroups whose relationships are poorly understood.
In this thesis, molecular biological techniques were used to investigate the
taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships within the L. donovani complex, with
isoenzyme analysis (lEA) as reference technique. Random amplification of
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to provide anonymous genetic markers which
allowed overall comparisons of genomes. Selected target genes and intergenic
regions were also amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), namely the
major surface protease (msp or gp63), the mini-exon and the ribosomal internal
transcribed spacer (ITS). PCR products of intergenic regions between msp genes
(ITG/CS and ITG/L), mini-exon and ITS were analysed by restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP). Phylogenies generated from each of the methods were
compared with that of IEA.
L. infantum and L. chagasi were found to be synonymous, whilst L. donovani
was found to be more polymorphic than L. infantum and a fourth possible species in
the complex, L. archibaldi, was not supported. Six genetic groups of strains were
identified in the L. donovani complex, based on all DNA based analyses, which
agreed with IEA typing. Pooled data from RFLP and RAPD analyses generated
robust phylogenies which were congruent with ITG/CS RFLP and msp DNA
sequence based phylogenies, but not with lEA phylogenies. The evolutionary history
of the L. donovani complex is analysed in the light of the present results. The diverse
typing methods were also evaluated and genetic markers suggested, that are
applicable to classification and typing of L. donovani species and strains
The cratylia mollis seed lectin induces membrane permeability transition in isolated rat liver mitochondria and a cyclosporine a-insensitive permeability transition in trypanosoma cruzi mitochondria
No full textPrevious results provided evidence that Cratylia mollis seed lectin (Cramoll 1,4) promotes Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes death by necrosis via a mechanism involving plasma membrane permeabilization to Ca2+ and mitochondrial dysfunction due to matrix Ca2+ overload. In order to investigate the mechanism of Ca2+-induced mitochondrial impairment, experiments were performed analyzing the effects of this lectin on T. cruzi mitochondrial fraction and in isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM), as a control. Confocal microscopy of T. cruzi whole cell revealed that Cramoll 1,4 binding to the plasma membrane glycoconjugates is followed by its internalization and binding to the mitochondrion. Electrical membrane potential (ΔΨm) of T. cruzi mitochondrial fraction suspended in a reaction medium containing 10 μM Ca2+ was significantly decreased by 50 μg/ml Cramoll 1,4 via a mechanism insensitive to cyclosporine A (CsA, membrane permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor), but sensitive to catalase or 125 mM glucose. In RLM suspended in a medium containing 10 μM Ca2+ this lectin, at 50 μg/ml, induced increase in the rate of hydrogen peroxide release, mitochondrial swelling, and ΔΨm disruption. All these mitochondrial alterations were sensitive to CsA, catalase, and EGTA. These results indicate that Cramoll 1, 4 leads to inner mitochondrial membrane permeabilization through Ca2+ dependent mechanisms in both mitochondria. The sensitivity to CsA in RLM characterizes this lectin as a MPT inducer and the lack of CsA effect identifies a CsA-insensitive MPT in T. cruzi mitochondria. © 2014 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2014 International Society of Protistologists.Previous results provided evidence that Cratylia mollis seed lectin (Cramoll 1,4) promotes Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes death by necrosis via a mechanism involving plasma membrane permeabilization to Ca2+ and mitochondrial dysfunction due to matrix Ca2614381388FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR2011/50,400-0sem informaçãosem informaçãoAlves, M.J., Colli, W., Agglutination of Trypanosoma cruzi by concanavalin A (1974) J. Protozool., 21 (4), pp. 575-578Baines, C.P., Kaiser, R.A., Purcell, N.H., Blair, N.S., Osinska, H., Hambleton, M.A., Brunskill, E.W., Molkentin, J.D., Loss of cyclophilin D reveals a critical role for mitochondrial permeability transition in cell death (2005) Nature, 434, pp. 658-662Bernardi, P., Forte, M., The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (2007) Novartis Found. Symp., 287, pp. 157-264Bernardi, P., Krauskopf, A., Basso, E., Petronilli, V., Blachly-Dyson, E., Lisa, D., Forte, M.A., The mitochondrial permeability transition from in vitro artifact disease target (2006) FEBES J., 273, pp. 2077-2099Bourguignon, S.C., De Souza, W., Souto-Padron, T., Localization of lectin-binding sites on the surface of Trypanosoma cruzi grown in chemically defined conditions (1998) Histochem. Cell Biol., 110 (5), pp. 527-534Carranza, J.C., Kowaltowski, A.J., Mendonca, M.A., De Oliveira, T.C., Gadelha, F.R., Zingales, B., Mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox state are unaltered in Trypanosoma cruzi isolates with compromised mitochondrial complex i subunit genes (2009) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 41 (3), pp. 299-308Castellani, O., Ribeiro, L.V., Fernandes, J.F., Differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi in culture (1967) J. Protozool., 14 (3), pp. 447-451Castilho, R.F., Kowaltowski, A.J., Vercesi, A.E., The irreversibility of inner mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by Ca2+ plus prooxidants is determined by the extent of membrane protein thiol cross-linking (1996) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 28, pp. 523-529Cestari, I., Evans-Osses, I., Schlapbach, L.J., De Messias-Reason, I., Ramirez, M.I., Mechanisms of complement lectin pathway activation and resistance by trypanosomatid parasites (2013) Mol. Immunol., 53 (4), pp. 328-334Correia, M.T.S., Coelho, L.C.B.B., Purification of a glucose/mannose specific, isoform 1, from seeds of Cratylia mollis Mart. (Camaratu bean) (1995) Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 55, pp. 262-273Crompton, M., The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its role in cell death (1999) Biochem. J., 341 (2), pp. 233-249Docampo, R., Lukeš, J., Trypanosomes and the solution to a 50-year mitochondrial calcium mystery (2012) Trends Parasitol., 28 (1), pp. 31-37Docampo, R., Vercesi, A.E., Ca2+ transport by coupled Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondria in situ (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264 (1), pp. 108-111Docampo, R., Vercesi, A.E., Characteristics of Ca2+ transport by Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondria in situ (1989) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 272, pp. 122-129Docampo, R., Lopes, J.N., Cruz, F.S., Souza, W., Trypanosoma cruzi: Ultrastructural and metabolic alterations of epimastigotes by beta-lapachone (1977) Exp. Parasitol., 42 (1), pp. 142-149Fagian, M.M., Pereira-Da-Silva, L., Martins, I.S., Vercesi, A.E., Membrane protein thiol cross-linking associated with the permeabilization of the inner mitochondrial membrane by Ca2+ plus prooxidants (1990) J. Biol. Chem., 265, pp. 19955-19960Fernandes, M.P., Inada, N.M., Chiaratti, M.R., Araújo, F.F.B., Meirelles, F.V., Correia, M.T.S., Coelho, L.C.B.B., Vercesi, A.E., Mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi death induced by Cratylia mollis seed lectin (2010) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 42, pp. 69-78Figueira, T.R., Barros, M.H., Camargo, A.A., Castilho, R.F., Ferreira, J.C.B., Kowaltowski, A.J., Sluse, F.E., Vercesi, A.E., Mitochondria as a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: From molecular mechanisms to human health (2013) Antioxid. Redox Signal., 18 (16), pp. 1-46Fortes, F., Castilho, R.F., Catisti, R., Carnieri, E.G., Vercesi, A.E., Ca2+ induces a cyclosporin A-insensitive permeability transition pore in isolated potato tuber mitochondria mediated by reactive oxygen species (2001) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 33, pp. 43-51Gadelha, F.R., Gonçalves, C.C., Mattos, E.C., Alves, M.J., Piñeyro, M.D., Robello, C., Peloso, E.F., Release of the cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase into the incubation medium and a different profile of cytosolic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxin expression in H2O2-treated Trypanosoma cruzi tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes (2013) Exp. Parasitol., 133 (3), pp. 287-293Giorgio, V., Von Stockum, S., Antoniel, M., Fabbro, A., Fogolari, F., Forte, M., Glick, G.D., Bernardi, P., Dimers of mitochondrial ATP Synthase form the permeability transition pore (2013) PNAS, 110 (15), pp. 5887-5892Glancy, B., Balaban, R.S., Role of mitochondrial Ca2+ in the regulation of cellular energetics (2012) Biochemistry, 51 (14), pp. 2959-2973Gornall, A.G., Bardawill, C.J., David, M.M., Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction (1949) J. Biol. Chem., 177 (2), pp. 751-766Hajnõczky, G., Csordás, G., Yi, M., Old players in a new role: Mitochondria-associated membranes, VDAC, and ryanodine receptors as contributors to calcium signal propagation from endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria (2002) Cell Calcium, 32, pp. 363-377Hajnõczky, G., Csordás, G., Madesh, M., Pacher, P., The machinery of local Ca2+ signalling between sarco-endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (2000) J. Physiol., 529, pp. 69-81Hansson, M.J., Morata, S., Chen, L., Matsuyama, N., Suzuky, Y., Nakajima, S., Tanoue, T., Elmer, E., Cyclophilin D-sensitive mitochondrial permeability transition in adult human brain and liver mitochondria (2011) J. Neurotrauma, 28, pp. 143-153Holmskov, U., Thiel, S., Jensenius, J.C., Collectins and ficolins: Humoral lectins of the innate immune defense (2003) Annu. Rev. Immunol., 21, pp. 547-578Huang, G., Vercesi, A.E., Docampo, R., Essential regulation of cell bioenergetics in Trypanosoma brucei by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (2013) Nat. Commun., 4, p. 2865. , doi: 10.1038/ncomms3865Irigoin, F., Inada, N.M., Fernandes, M.P., Piacenza, L., Gadelha, F.R., Vercesi, A.E., Radi, R., Mitochondrial calcium overload triggers complement-dependent superoxide-mediated programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi (2009) Biochem. J., 418, pp. 595-604Jacobson, R.L., Doyle, R.J., Lectin-parasite interactions (1996) Parasitol. Today, 12 (2), pp. 55-61Jung, D.W., Bradshaw, P.C., Pfeiffer, D.R., Properties of a cyclosporin-insensitive permeability transition pore in yeast mitochondria (1997) J. Biol. Chem., 272 (34), pp. 21104-21112Kaplan, R.R., Pedersen, P.L., Characterization of phosphate efflux pathways in rat liver mitochondria (1983) J. Biochem., 212, pp. 279-288Kim, G.W., Kondo, T., Noshita, N., Chan, P.H., Manganese superoxide dismutase deficiency exacerbates cerebral infarction after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in mice: Implications for the production and role of superoxide radicals (2002) Stroke, 33, pp. 809-815Kokoszka, J.E., Waymire, K.G., Levy, S.E., Sligh, J.E., Cai, J., Jones, D.P., Macgregor, G.R., Wallace, D.C., The ADP/ATP translocator is not essential for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (2004) Nature, 427, pp. 461-465Kowaltowski, A.J., Vercesi, A.E., Reactive oxygen generation by mitochondria (2001) Mitochondria in Pathogenesis, pp. 281-294. , Lemasters, J.J. & Nieminen, A.-L. (ed.), Kluwer Academic/Penum Publishers, New YorkKrauskopf, A., Eriksson, O., Craigen, W.J., Forte, M.A., Bernardi, P., Properties of the permeability transition in VDAC1(-/-) mitochondria (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1757, pp. 590-595Kroemer, G., Galluzzi, L., Brenner, C., Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death (2007) Physiol. Rev., 87, pp. 99-163Lemasters, J.J., Theruvath, T.P., Zhong, Z., Nieminen, A.L., Mitochondrial calcium and the permeability transition in cell death (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1787 (11), pp. 1395-1401Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L., Randall, R.J., Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent (1951) J. Biol. Chem., 193, pp. 265-275Martin, L.J., Mitochondrial and cell death mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases (2010) Pharmaceuticals (Basel), 3, pp. 839-8915Moreno, S.N., Docampo, R., Vercesi, A.E., Calcium homeostasis in procyclic and bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. Lack of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ release (1992) J. Biol. Chem., 267 (9), pp. 6020-6026Moreno, S.N., Docampo, R., Calcium regulation in protozoan parasites (2003) Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 6 (4), pp. 359-364Moreno, S.N., Vercesi, A.E., Pignataro, O.P., Docampo, R., Calcium homeostasis in Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes: Presence of inositol phosphates and lack of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive calcium pool (1992) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 52, pp. 251-261Murphy, A.N., Bredesen, D.E., Cortopassi, G., Wang, E., Fiskum, G., Bcl-2 potentiates the maximal calcium uptake capacity of neural cell mitochondria (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, pp. 9893-9898Opperdoes, F.R., Michels, P.A.M., Complex i of trypanosomatidae: Does it exist? (2008) Trends Parasitol, 24 (7), pp. 310-317Peloso, E.F., Gonçalves, C.C., Silva, T.M., Ribeiro, L.H., Piñeyro, M.D., Robello, C., Gadelha, F.R., Tryparedoxin peroxidases and superoxide dismutases expression as well as ROS release are related to Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes growth phases (2012) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 520 (2), pp. 117-122Piacenza, L., Irigoín, F., Alvarez, M.N., Peluffo, G., Taylor, M.C., Kelly, J.M., Wilkinson, S.R., Radi, R., Mitochondrial superoxide radicals mediate programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi: Cytoprotective actions of mitochondrial iron superoxide dismutase overexpression (2007) Biochem. J., 403 (2), pp. 323-334Piacenza, L., Peluffo, G., Radi, R., L-arginine metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi in the regulation of programmed cell death (2002) Methods Enzymol., 359, pp. 286-302Rasola, A., Sciacovelli, M., Pantic, B., Bernardi, P., Signal transduction to the permeability transition pore (2010) FEBS Lett., 584 (10), pp. 1989-1996Rizzuto, R., Pinton, P., Carrington, W., Fay, F.S., Fogarty, K.E., Lifshitz, L.M., Tuft, R.A., Pozzan, T., Close contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum as determinants of mitochondrial Ca2+ responses (1998) Science, 280, pp. 1763-1766Ronchi, J.A., Vercesi, A.E., Castilho, R.F., Reactive oxygen species and permeability transition pore in rat liver and kidney mitoplasts (2011) J. Bioenerg. Biomembr., 43, pp. 709-715Rothfuchs, A.G., Roffê, E., Gibson, A., Cheever, A.W., Ezekowitz, R.A., Takahashi, K., Steindel, M., Báfica, A., Mannose-binding lectin regulates host resistance and pathology during experimental infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (11), pp. e47835Souza, S.R., Dutra, R.F., Correia, M.T.S., Pessoa, M.M.A., Lima-Filho, J.L., Coelho, L.C.B.B., Electrochemical potential of free and immobilized Cratylia mollis seed lectin (2003) Bioresource Technol., 88, pp. 255-258Vaseva, A.V., Marchenko, N.D., Ji, K., Tsirka, S.E., Holzmann, S., Moll, U.M., P53 opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore to trigger necrosis (2012) Cell, 149, pp. 1536-1548Velho, J.A., Okanobo, H., Degasperi, G.R., Matsumoto, M.Y., Alberici, L.C., Cosso, R.G., Oliveira, H.C., Vercesi, A.E., Statins induce calcium-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition (2006) Toxicology, 219 (13), pp. 124-132Vercesi, A.E., Bernardes, C.F., Hoffmann, M.E., Gadelha, F.R., Docampo, R., Digitonin permeabilization does not affect mitochondrial function and allows the determination of the mitochondrial membrane potential of Trypanosoma cruzi in situ (1991) J. Biol. Chem., 266 (22), pp. 14431-14434Vercesi, A.E., Hoffmann, M.E., Bernardes, C.F., Docampo, R., Regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis in Trypanosoma cruzi. Effects of calmidazolium and trifluoperazine (1991) Cell Calcium, 12 (5), pp. 361-369Zhou, M., Diwu, Z., Panchuk-Voloshina, N., Haugland, R.P., A stable nonfluorescent derivative of resofurin for the fluorometric determination of trace hydrogen peroxide: Applications in detecting the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and other oxidases (1997) Anal. Biochem., 253 (2), pp. 162-16
Livestock-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs - prevalence, risk factors and transmission dynamics
No full text In 2004, an association between human carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and contact with pigs was found. To assess the implications of this finding for veterinary and public health more insight into the prevalence, risk factors and transmission dynamics of this so-called livestock-associated (LA-)MRSA was needed. Therefore, field and experimental studies were conducted in pig and human populations of which the results are presented in this thesis. First, observational studies on pig farms were performed to estimate the prevalence of MRSA positive herds, and to identify factors associated with LA-MRSA in pig herds. It was shown that LA-MRSA was present in the majority, i.e. ~70%, of Dutch pig herds and that the prevalence increased over time. Larger herds were more often found LA-MRSA positive than smaller herds, and transmission was shown to occur by animal trade. From all this, it was concluded that LA-MRSA has become endemic in the Dutch pig population. Secondly, studies on LA-MRSA in pigs, the environment and personnel in pig slaughterhouses were performed. In pigs, a clear increase in LA-MRSA positive pigs from 0 to 60% was shown in the time period between loading at the farm and stunning at the slaughterhouse. This indicated a very rapid transmission of LA-MRSA between pigs through direct contact or through contact with a contaminated environment. An increase in LA-MRSA positive environmental samples taken in the slaughterhouse was found during the working day. In personnel, LA-MRSA prevalence was 6% and working with live pigs was the single most important factor for being positive; personnel not working with pigs or working only with dead pigs were all LA-MRSA negative. Thirdly, transmission of LA-MRSA within herds was studied longitudinally both in an experimental setting and also in 6 pig herds. Transmission rates and the factors affecting these rates were determined. The results of both studies indicated that LA-MRSA is able to spread easily and persist in pig populations, resulting in an endemic situation. Use of selective antimicrobials has a positive effect on the transmission rate of LA-MRSA, but transmission occurs even without use of antimicrobials. The key to limiting LA-MRSA transmission from pigs to humans is to eliminate the source, i.e. eradicate LA-MRSA from pig herds, and a combination of different intervention strategies controlling both within- and between-herd transmission will be needed to achieve this. </p
Longitudinal wave-breaking limits in a unified geometric model of relativistic warm plasmas
No full textThe covariant Vlasov–Maxwell system is used to study the breaking of relativistic warm plasma waves. The well-known theory of relativistic warm plasmas due to Katsouleas and Mori (KM) is subsumed within a unified geometric formulation of the 'waterbag' paradigm over spacetime. We calculate the maximum amplitude Emax of nonlinear longitudinal electric waves for a particular class of waterbags whose geometry is a simple three-dimensional generalization (in velocity) of the one-dimensional KM waterbag (in velocity). It has been shown previously that the value of limv → cEmax (with the effective temperature of the plasma electrons held fixed) diverges for the KM model; however, we show that a certain class of simple three-dimensional waterbags exhibit a finite value for limv → cEmax, where v is the phase velocity of the wave and c is the speed of light
