22 research outputs found
Emulador de un robot manipulador de 2 grados de libertad con base en un controlador digital de señales
Get PDFLa simulación HIL se usa para acelerar el proceso de diseño en los sistemas de control, a esto se le llama prototipado rápido de control. En el mercado existen plataformas de simulación HIL, pero los precios por unidad son elevados. Como alternativa, se implementó un sistema HIL para un robot manipulador de 2 grados de libertad, con base en un controlador digital de señales de la firma Texas Instruments, para la solución, en tiempo real, del modelo dinámico. En una computadora personal se ejecuta una interfaz gráfica, donde se muestran los movimientos del robot en un ambiente virtual. Se presenta un manual de usuario para utilizar el simulador. Se implementaron una serie de controladores de posición para validar el funcionamiento del mismo. Con este sistema se pueden realizar prácticas de control de robots sin necesidad de la plataforma real que es costosa y en ocasiones no es posible contar con ella
Learning-based upper limb robotic rehabilitation
Get PDFIn this doctoral thesis, several advancements are presented to enhance the capabilities of a seven DoF robotic exoskeleton designed for upper-limb rehabilitation. First and foremost, a human-like inverse kinematic solution, underpinned by a machine-learning technique, is introduced. This solution paves the way for generating natural and comfortable upper-limb postures. Unlike conventional methods, this approach provides a practical and efficient means of finding appropriate inverse kinematic solutions for upper-limb rehabilitation via redundant robotic exoskeletons. The core advantage lies in its real-time capabilities.
Additionally, a robust learning-based controller is developed to tackle uncertainties and disturbances that are inherent in the patient-robot interaction. This includes addressing unknown forces and ensuring compliance with predefined input and state constraints. By doing so, the controller offers functional safety and optimal performance during rehabilitation exercises.
The last development in this thesis is the design of a mirror rehabilitation system. This system is devised with the aim of enhancing the motor skills of individuals with hemiplegia through brain neuroplasticity stimulation. The approach involves providing visual feedback and proprioceptive stimulation while both arms move symmetrically and simultaneously. This methodology represents a significant leap forward in rehabilitation, harnessing the power of neuroplasticity to drive recovery.
Furthermore, these advancements cater to both passive and active rehabilitation modes, allowing for a flexible and tailored approach to recovery. In the passive mode, the patient can relax while the exoskeleton guides the arm through a predefined trajectory. In the active mode, the wearer gains the independence to initiate movements and complete desired tasks without external assistance, empowering them to take charge of their rehabilitation journey. To validate the efficacy and real-world applicability of these advancements, a series of real-time experiments have been conducted. The results of these experiments were documented, submitted and/or published in several journals, contributing to the scientific community and the field of rehabilitation robotics. The advancements showcased herein open new horizons for enhancing the quality of life and recovery prospects for individuals in need of rehabilitation, setting the stage for a promising future in the field of robotic exoskeleton-assisted rehabilitation
FOXM1 induces a global methylation signature that mimics the cancer epigenome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
No full textPMCID: PMC3312909This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The oncogene FOXM1 has been implicated in all major types of human cancer. We recently showed that aberrant FOXM1 expression causes stem cell compartment expansion resulting in the initiation of hyperplasia. We have previously shown that FOXM1 regulates HELLS, a SNF2/helicase involved in DNA methylation, implicating FOXM1 in epigenetic regulation. Here, we have demonstrated using primary normal human oral keratinocytes (NOK) that upregulation of FOXM1 suppressed the tumour suppressor gene p16(INK4A) (CDKN2A) through promoter hypermethylation. Knockdown of HELLS using siRNA re-activated the mRNA expression of p16(INK4A) and concomitant downregulation of two DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3B. The dose-dependent upregulation of endogenous FOXM1 (isoform B) expression during tumour progression across a panel of normal primary NOK strains (n = 8), dysplasias (n = 5) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (n = 11) correlated positively with endogenous expressions of HELLS, BMI1, DNMT1 and DNMT3B and negatively with p16(INK4A) and involucrin. Bisulfite modification and methylation-specific promoter analysis using absolute quantitative PCR (MS-qPCR) showed that upregulation of FOXM1 significantly induced p16(INK4A) promoter hypermethylation (10-fold, P<0.05) in primary NOK cells. Using a non-bias genome-wide promoter methylation microarray profiling method, we revealed that aberrant FOXM1 expression in primary NOK induced a global hypomethylation pattern similar to that found in an HNSCC (SCC15) cell line. Following validation experiments using absolute qPCR, we have identified a set of differentially methylated genes, found to be inversely correlated with in vivo mRNA expression levels of clinical HNSCC tumour biopsy samples. This study provided the first evidence, using primary normal human cells and tumour tissues, that aberrant upregulation of FOXM1 orchestrated a DNA methylation signature that mimics the cancer methylome landscape, from which we have identified a unique FOXM1-induced epigenetic signature which may have clinical translational potentials as biomarkers for early cancer screening, diagnostic and/or therapeutic interventions
Latino politics in the United States : a diverse minority and its growing influence
No full textThese der Arbeit ist, dass man weder von den Latinos als einer homogenen Einheit, noch einer geeinten politischen Strategie dieser Gruppe sprechen kann. Da Latinos seit 2003 mit etwa 41.3 Millionen Menschen die größte Minderheit in den USA sind und ihre Zahl auch in Zukunft schnell wachsen wird, nimmt ihr Einfluss auf die Gesellschaft im Allgemeinen und die Politik im Besonderen zu. Spanischsprachige Fernsehkanäle und Radiostationen, sowie Zeitungen und Zeitschriften gehören längst zum Alltag der USA und stehen für eine wachsende „Hispanisierung“ des Landes. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird ein Überblick gegeben, der die demographischen und wirtschaftlichen Besonderheiten der Latinos im Allgemeinen beleuchtet. Diese Bevölkerungsgruppe ist im Vergleich zu weißen Anglo Amerikanern durchschnittlich ärmer und verfügt über niedrigere Bildungsstandards. Dies wirkt sich auf die ausgeübten Berufe und somit auf das Einkommen aus. Latinos sind im Durchschnitt jünger als jede andere Bevölkerungsgruppe in den USA, was die zukünftige Zusammensetzung der amerikanischen Gesellschaft beeinflussen wird. Durch die Vielzahl an Herkunftsländern und der damit einhergehenden Heterogenität der Latinos sind politische Absichten, sowie die Partizipation am politischen Prozess in den USA, jedoch äußerst unterschiedlich. Die drei größten Nationalitäten – Mexikaner, Kubaner, Puerto Ricaner – dienen hierbei als Beleg für diese These. Alle drei Gruppen werden vor dem Hintergrund ihrer spezifischen historischen Erfahrungen untersucht. Um politische Aktivitäten und Möglichkeiten der jeweiligen Nationalitäten zu verstehen, ist es fundamental, die historischen Beziehungen der jeweiligen Länder zu den USA zu beleuchten . Trotz dieser ausgeprägten Heterogenität unter den Latinos, birgt eine Vereinheitlichung, wie sie mit den Begriffen Latino und Hispanic gewollt ist, auch neue Möglichkeiten und Vorteile. Als numerisch starker, politischer Akteur können Latinos in Zukunft erheblichen Einfluss auf die Politik des Landes ausüben, vorausgesetzt sie finden einen gemeinsamen Nenner. Demographen gehen davon aus, dass im Jahre 2050 jeder zweite US-Bürger als Latino zu bezeichnen ist, weshalb die beiden großen Parteien vor einigen Jahren damit begannen, diese Bevölkerungsgruppe zu umwerben. Aller Diversität zum Trotz gehen einige politische Analysten, sowie Demoskopen, weiterhin von einem homogenen Akteur aus. Tatsächlich betrachten viele Latinos aller Ethnien Themen wie Immigration, Sozialversicherung, oder auch Bildung als wichtige Probleme, die es zu lösen gilt. Sollten die Latinos in den USA, trotz ihrer Vielschichtigkeit, einheitliche Interessen definieren und diese gemeinsam verfolgen, wird die größte Minderheit zu einem noch wichtigeren politischen Akteur, der seinen Einfluss, sowohl auf nationale wie auch internationale Themen, geltend machen wird.This paper is intended to show how Latinos in general and Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans in particular, engage politically in the United States. Latinos execute their influence by voting or in non-electoral activities like campaign work or financial contributions. As an individual, one participates as a member of society and possibly as a member of an interest group, i.e. a party. Thus, to be successful, it is necessary to combine one’s personal interest with that of others in order to form an alliance that, due to its size, may have an impact on the political stage. This study will show which factors are necessary and which steps were taken to gain and enhance Latino political influence. In doing so, it will become clear that Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans all started their struggle from diverse backgrounds and possess significantly different goals. Although common language unites these three national-origin groups, they do not have the same political and economic resources at their disposal. Decisive differences in immigration politics, naturalization, and economic opportunities become visible and will prove a distinct heterogeneity of Latinos concerning political behavior and goals. Political activities of Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans will be outlined as well as how they differ from each other. In doing so, it is necessary to take notice of their specific histories and legal experiences upon arrival in the United States. Furthermore, different demographic factors of the three national-origin groups additionally affect political participation. An understanding of Latino political participation should be in the interest of the U.S. public as well as scholars engaging in American Studies. This biggest minority increasingly makes its presence felt in the electoral arena, especially at the state level. In states such as California, Texas, Florida and New Mexico Latinos constitute decisive voting blocs. But also, Latinos nationwide enlarge their political clout, due to cumulative numbers and a more developed political consciousness. With this national and state level significance of the Latino electorate, examining their policy preferences and goals has become progressively more important to the understanding of the U.S. political scene. The approach here is twofold. First, political participation of the Latino population as a whole will be researched; using numbers and results from the presidential election 2004. In this part of the paper, the concept of pan-ethnicity using the label Latino will be used to sum up Spanish-speaking nationalities and their political efforts. In order to be eligible to vote, certain legal requirements are to be met, so factors that account for voting will be outlined first. In accordance with the large share of non-citizens among the Latino population, it is also necessary to examine their non-electoral political activities. The second part will portray Latinos in more detail, examining the three largest national-origin groups. By demonstrating their specific histories and varied experiences and opportunities in U.S. politics, it will become clear that when talking about Latino Politics, it is indispensable to bear in mind the heterogeneity of America’s biggest minority and the side effects this has
Protein kinase B : the beta version elucidating novel contributions of protein kinase B beta (PKBß/Akt2) to endocrine metabolism, PCOS and cancer
Get PDFProtein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates signaling crucial for normal cellular metabolism, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. PKB/Akt is the major effector kinase upon which signaling from cellular receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate kinase (PI3K) signaling converges.
In mammals, PKB/Akt exists as three isoforms, PKBα/Akt1, PKBβ/Akt2, and PKBγ/Akt3. These isoforms share the same domain structure and over 85% sequence similarity, suggesting these isoforms mediate similar and overlapping functions. However, these three isoforms are encoded by genes on distinct chromosomes and have differential tissue expression, supporting a concept that these isofoms have evolved to mediate specific and unique biological signals. Knockout mouse models of the PKB/Akt isoforms confirm these isoforms do have both redundant and non-redundant, isoform-specific functions. PKBα/Akt1 KO mice are viable but exhibit ~30% perinatal lethality, growth retardation and increased spontaneous apoptosis, strongly implicating PKBα/Akt1 as the major isoform in growth and survival. PKBβ/Akt2 KO mice are viable and of normal size, however they progressively develop a diabetes-like syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, illustrating a crucial role for this isoform in transducing signals regulating organism metabolism. PKBγ/Akt3 is viable and normal except for decreased brain and testis size that are the major expression sites of PKBγ/Akt3. This indicates this isoform may have more specialized or subtle functions. This is also supported by compound knockouts that lack PKBγ/Akt3. PKBα/Akt1-PKBγ/Akt3 double knockout mice die at embryonic day12 (E12) with severe growth retardation and developmental defects, whereas PKBβ/Akt2-PKBγ/Akt3 mice are viable but with a reduction in animal size and an enhancement of the single isoform knockout phenotypes. Together this suggests the PKBγ/Akt3 isoform does contribute to normal function of both PKBα/Akt1 and PKBβ/Akt2. Similarly, loss of PKBβ/Akt2 on the background of PKBα/Akt1 deletion enhances the phenotype of PKBα/Akt1, resulting in 100% perinatal lethality and additionally leading to defects in bone and skin development. These observations in mouse models correlate well with human metabolic syndromes and diseases, particularly in insulin resistance/diabetes and cancer that invariably display aberrant PKB/Akt activation.
Accordingly, this work utilized PKBβ/Akt2 null mice to explore defects in metabolism and exploring its contribution to tumour development driven by hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway. We observed that aged PKBβ/Akt2 KO mice, but not wild-type or PKBα/Akt1 KO mice, develop severe ovarian cysts with thecosis and consequent increases in testosterone production. We show that this may reflect an unknown role for PKBβ/Akt2 in regulating testosterone production in the ovary with a potential contribution to the human metabolic disorder Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age and is the leading cause of infertility. It is characterized by hyperactive leutinizing hormone signaling in ovary, resulting in increased testosterone production and subsequently development of numerous follicular cysts within the ovary. Using a mouse model of PCOS driven by tonic administration of leutinizing hormone, mice lacking PKBβ/Akt2 developed cysts with a threefold increase in size compared to wild-type mice. Furthermore, the contribution of PKBβ/Akt2 to neoplasia was analyzed by utilizing the Pten heterozygous mouse model. Pten acts as the major negative regulator of PI3K signaling and reduction of Pten in mice results in the development of neoplasia in a broad range of organs due to hyperactivation of PKB/Akt signaling. By deletion of PKBβ/Akt2 on this background, its effect on neoplasia formation in multiple organs was assessed. We observed a variety of effects on neoplasia development in various organs, with the most striking being an almost complete inhibition of adrenal medulla pheochomocytomas formation. Pheochromocytoma formation upon Pten loss in mice activates cellular proliferation and transcriptional changes to drive tumour development and progression. This includes increased proliferative signaling via mTORC1 and stimulation of adrenomedullin expression. Pten+/- mice also reflect the clinical setting with increases in catecholamine production and secretion that is observed in ~90% of human pheochromocytoma patients. Analysis of adrenals, illustrated that PKBβ/Akt2 is required for early development of neoplasia and severely hinders growth and progression through attenuating mTORC1 activation and subsequent cellular proliferation. Cellular signaling required for catecholamine production and secretion was also suppressed, reflected in decreased expression of the rate-limiting enzyme required for catecholamine generation: dopamine β-hydroxylase. Adrenomedullin that can trigger increased cAMP production and growth in various tumours, displayed increased expression in Pten+/- adrenals but decreased almost to wild-type levels upon additional deletion of PKBβ/Akt2. These findings indicate that PKBβ/Akt2 exerts an isoform specific role in promoting pheochromocytomas exhibiting hyperactivated PKB/Akt.
The findings from these studies illustrate novel contributions by PKBβ/Akt2 isoform specific signaling to metabolic dysfunction and tumour formation, thereby highlighting the potential of identifying these signaling pathways and PKBβ/Akt2 specific substrates that may represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention
Detección de mastitis bovina e identificación de microorganismos patógenos en vacas lecheras del sur de La Guajira
No full text79 pINTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................... 16
1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ................................................................ 18
1.1 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ................................................................ 18
1.2 JUSTIFICACIÓN .......................................................................................... 21
2. OBJETIVOS ....................................................................................................... 24
2.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................... 24
2.2 ESPECÍFICOS ............................................................................................. 24
3. MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................................................................ 25
3.1. ANTECEDENTES ....................................................................................... 25
3.2 BASES TEÓRICAS ...................................................................................... 31
3.2.1 Mastitis bovina. ...................................................................................... 31
3.2.2 Clasificación de la mastitis. .................................................................... 34
3.2.3 Factores predisponentes a la mastitis. ................................................... 35
3.2.4 Respuesta celular de la glándula mamaria. ........................................... 37
3.2.5 Manejo Higiénico-Sanitario del Proceso de ordeño. .............................. 37
3.2.6 Pruebas y métodos de detección. .......................................................... 39
3.2 Bases legales ............................................................................................... 41
4. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS .............................................................................. 43
4.1 CLASIFICACIÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN .................................................. 43
4.2 POBLACIÓN DE ESTUDIO, MUESTRA, TIPO DE MUESTREO, CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN Y EXCLUSIÓN ......................................................................... 43
4.2.1 Criterios de inclusión. ............................................................................. 43
4.2.2 Criterios de exclusión. ............................................................................ 44
4.3 SISTEMA DE VARIABLES ........................................................................... 44
4.4 Diseño metodológico .................................................................................... 45
5. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................... 48
6. DISCUSIÓN ....................................................................................................... 52
7. CONCLUSIONES .............................................................................................. 59
8. RECOMENDACIONES ...................................................................................... 61
9. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRAFICAS ................................................................... 62
ANEXOS ................................................................................................................ 73The Somatic Cell Count (SCR) is widely used as an indicator of udder health status and milk quality, being a very valuable tool in decision making for the implementation of prevention and control measures of mastitis. The objective of the research was to determine intramammary infections characterizing hygienic - sanitary factors and identifying etiological agents through conventional and automated laboratory tests for the correlation with the somatic cell count in dairy cows of medium herds of the south of La Guajira; performing a descriptive analysis of the influential variables in the sanitary quality of the same, by applying a survey and carrying out a sanitary analysis of samples of raw milk at the laboratory level, identifying the factors and microorganisms that directly influenced the RCS . The count of somatic cells was carried out on 104 animals located in 7 farms. Of the positive samples (≥300,000 cel / ml), a milk fraction was obtained and microbiological isolation was performed. Through surveys, 13 variables were analyzed related to the conditions and milking system in the farms and their correlation with the presence of the disease using chi-square tests (χ2). It was determined that 63% of the rooms were healthy, 18% presented Subclinical Mastitis, 12% Clinical Mastitis and only 7% Severe Infection. Of the samples in which isolation and microbiological characterization could be performed, in 73.6% Staphylococcus aureus was isolated, and 26.4% Streptococcus agalactiae. A total of 4 characteristics were associated with the presence of mastitis, while all of these factors were related to the absence of good milking practices. The presence, mainly of microorganisms associated with contagious mastitis, evidences the need for training and advice to implement good milking practices and improve the competitiveness of the sector in the region, which will result in an increase in production.El Recuento de Células Somáticas (RCS) es ampliamente utilizado como un indicador del estado de salud de la ubre y de calidad de leche, siendo una herramienta muy valiosa en la toma de decisiones para la implementación de medidas de prevención y control de la mastitis. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar infecciones intramamarias caracterizando factores higiénicos – sanitarios e identificando agentes etiológicos para la correlación con el conteo de células somáticas; efectuando un análisis descriptivo de las variables influyentes en la calidad sanitaria de la misma, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta y realizando un análisis sanitario de muestras de leche cruda a nivel de laboratorio, identificando los factores y microorganismos que influyeron de forma directa en el RCS. Se realizó el recuento de células somáticas a 104 animales ubicados en 7 predios. De las muestras positivas (≥300 000 cel/ml), se obtuvo una fracción de leche y se realizó aislamiento microbiológico. Mediante encuestas se analizaron 13 variables relacionadas con las condiciones y sistema de ordeño en los predios y su correlación con la presencia de la enfermedad utilizando pruebas de chi cuadrado (χ2). Se determinó que el 63% de los cuartos estaban sanos, el 18% presento Mastitis Subclínica, el 12% Mastitis Clínica y solo el 7% Infección Severa. De las muestras en las cuales se pudo realizar aislamiento y caracterización microbiológica, en 73.6% se aisló Staphylococcus aureus, y 26,4% Streptococcus agalactiae. Un total de 4 características se asociaron a la presencia de mastitis, mientras la totalidad de estos factores se relacionaron con la ausencia de buenas prácticas de ordeño. La presencia, principalmente de microorganismos asociados a mastitis contagiosas, evidencian la necesidad de capacitación y asesoramiento para implementar buenas prácticas de ordeño y mejorar la competitividad del sector en la región, lo que redundará en un aumento en la producción.Ej. 1PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínic
Integration of Hydrological and economical aspects for water management in tropical regions. case study: middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia
Get PDFWater resources are a determining factor in the economic and social development of communities, given the need that is generated around its use. Over the years, this use has
generated pressure on water availability, which were solved by increasing supply, exploring and developing new water sources, and expanding the existing extractions. In Colombia, water concession is the right to the limited use of water, and it is granted to develop economic activity. This concession must be related to water availability to ensure the preservation and efficient water use. However, to allocation water resources efficiently, tools that help to make decisions by analyzing the hydrological regime (surface and groundwater) in areas with lacking reliable data on water availability in an economic context are required. In this context, the main goal of this research was to provide a methodological approximation that allows integrating hydrological, hydrogeological, and economic aspects in water allocation between different users, prioritizing human needs and ecosystem processes, to establish management strategies at a regional scale. In this research performed an integration of diverse hydrological, hydrogeological, and economical aspects, using the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV) geological basin as a real scale laboratory. Because this area is a primary supply center for the Colombian population, and economic activities related to mining, agriculture, aquaculture, livestock, industrial, services, and O&G exploration and exploitation are developed in conjunction; hydric and economic behavior of the system was analyzed. This analysis was carried out in regards to water availability (surface and groundwater), and its allocation to different stakeholders. For it, three phases were defined: (1.) to characterize the hydrological system, (2.) to characterize the hydrogeological system, and (3.) its integration into an economic optimization model.
In the first phase, the hydrologic system behavior was analyzed through a numeric tool, to characterize the water supply, the recharge zones were identified, and the hydrologic
alterations affecting the water supply were evaluated. The hydrological modeling allowed to perform an exhaustive interaction analysis between the hydrologic cycle dynamic and the weather condition and land use. Then, it was made an analysis of uncertainty and sensitivity to evaluate the influence of the principal parameters associated with the model. From this analysis, it was validated a methodology allowing to: (i) select proper values for the model parameters, and (ii) evaluate how the model parameters variations influence a simulated response.
In the second phase, the geological, hydrological and hydraulic characterization was integrated into a hydrogeological model to estimate the water volume and groundwater
flow system description. The result of this phase allowed to consolidate a methodology to assertively restrict a highly parameterized inverse model with lack of information, estimate hydraulic parameters of aquifers and analyze the spatial and temporal variation presented by these parameters at the regional scale. Finally, in the third phase, the hydrological aspects (surface and groundwater) were integrated with an economic optimization framework. This allows them to determine water allocation and water resources quality management. The main objective of this phase was to analyze the water use profit in a regional flow model, integrating multiple water supplies (surface and groundwater) and multiple demands. Here, the allocation model was analyzed from a regional scale in order to consolidate typologies of use by economic sector, and
determine management strategies at a regional level. The general results of this research allowed to identify problems and evaluate management strategies, in a tropical basin at the regional level. Additionally, it was concluded that the quantification of water supply affects the allocation process between different stakeholders and this process, in turn, is a function of water quality. As part of the final stage of this research, the water system behavior was analyzed through future scenarios.El recurso hídrico es un factor determinante en el desarrollo económico y social de las comunidades dada la amplia necesidad que se genera en torno a su aprovechamiento. El
uso del agua ha generado a través de los años, presiones sobre su disponibilidad, las cuales usualmente se resolvían aumentando el suministro, explorando y desarrollando nuevas fuentes y, expandiendo las extracciones de las ya existentes. En Colombia, la concesión de agua es el derecho al uso limitado del agua, otorgado para desarrollar una actividad económica. Esta concesión debe estar relacionada con la disponibilidad de agua para garantizar la preservación y el uso eficiente del agua. Para asignar el recurso hídrico de manera eficiente se requieren herramientas que ayuden a tomar decisiones mediante el análisis del régimen hidrológico integral (aguas superficiales y subterráneas), lo cual es un problema complejo en áreas que carecen de datos hidrológicos confiables; y que permiten una evaluación sobre la disponibilidad en un contexto económico. En este orden de ideas, el objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proporcionar una aproximación metodológica que permita integrar aspectos hidrológicos, hidrogeológicos y económicos en la asignación de agua entre diferentes usuarios, priorizando las necesidades humanas y los procesos ecosistemicos, para establecer estrategias de gestión a escala regional.
En consecuencia, esta investigación realizó una integración de aspectos hidrológicos, hidrogeológicos y económicos, utilizando la cuenca geológica del Valle Medio del Magdalena (MMV) como laboratorio a escala real. Debido a que esta zona es centro de abastecimiento para la pequeñas poblaciones rurales y se desarrollan de manera conjunta actividades económicas relacionadas con minería, agricultura, acuicultura, producción pecuaria, industria, generación hidroeléctrica, servicios de seguridad y emergencia y exploración y producción de hidrocarburos, se analizó el comportamiento hídrico y económico del sistema respecto a la disponibilidad de agua superficial y subterránea, y su asignación a los diferentes usuarios. Para ello, se definieron tres etapas: (1.) caracterización del sistema hidrológico, (2.) caracterización del sistema hidrogelógico, y (3.) su integración en un modelo de optimización económica. En la primera etapa, se analizó mediante herramientas numéricas el comportamiento hidrológico del sistema para caracterizar la oferta hídrica. En adición, se identificaron las zonas de recarga y se investigaron las alteraciones hidrológicas que afectan la cantidad de agua en el sistema. La modelación hidrológica permitió realizar una evaluación exhaustiva de la interacción entre la dinámica del ciclo hidrológico y las condiciones climáticas. Luego, se realizaron los análisis de sensibilidad e incertidumbre para evaluar la influencia de los principales parámetros asociados con el modelo y a partir de ello, se validó una metodológia
que permite: (i) seleccionar valores apropiados para los parámetros de los modelos y (ii) evaluar en qué medida la variación de estos parámetros afecta una respuesta simulada.
En la segunda etapa, se integraron la caracterización geológica, la hidrológica y la hidráulica en un modelo hidrogeológico para estimar el volumen de agua y la descripción del
sistema de flujo subterráno. El resultado de esta etapa permitió consolidar una metodología para restringir asertivamente un modelo inverso altamente parametrizado con pocos o sesgados datos de campo, estimar parámetros hidráulicos de acuíferos y analizar la variación espacial y temporal que presentan estos parámetros a escala regional.
Finalmente, en la tercera etapa, se integraron los aspectos hidrológicos superficiales y subterráneos desarrollados anteriormente, en un marco de optimización económica para
determinar la asignación conjunta de agua y la gestión de la calidad del recurso hídrico. Este aparte tuvo como objetivo principal análizar el beneficio de uso del agua en un modelo de flujo regional que integra múltiples ofertas de agua y de demandas por parte de los usuarios. Aquí, se analizó el modelo de asignación desde una escala regional con el fin de consolidar tipologías de uso por sector económico y determinar estrategias de gestión a escala regional que permitan reducir los conflictos por uso y calidad, y fortalecer la gestión y administración del recurso hídrico en la zona. Los resultados generales de esta investigación permitieron identificar y evaluar de manera conjunta los problemas y estrategias de gestión, en una cuenca tropical con escases de información. Adicionalmente, se concluyó sobre cómo la cuantificación de la oferta hídirica
afecta el proceso de asignación entre diferentes usuarios y este proceso a su vez, esta en función de la calidad. Como parte de la etapa final de esta investigación, se analizó a través de escenarios futuros el comportamiento del sitema hídrico.MinCiencias, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaResearch Line in Water and Environment EngineeringDoctorad
Guidance to 2018 good practice: ARIA digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care for rhinitis and asthma
No full textAims: Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK (MASK) belongs to the Fondation Partenariale MACVIA-LR of Montpellier, France and aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle, whatever their gender or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care. The ultimate goal is to change the management strategy in chronic diseases. Methods: MASK implements ICT technologies for individualized and predictive medicine to develop novel care pathways by a multi-disciplinary group centred around the patients. Stakeholders: Include patients, health care professionals (pharmacists and physicians), authorities, patient's associations, private and public sectors. Results: MASK is deployed in 23 countries and 17 languages. 26,000 users have registered. EU grants (2018): MASK is participating in EU projects (POLLAR: impact of air POLLution in Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health, DigitalHealthEurope, Euriphi and Vigour). Lessons learnt: (i) Adherence to treatment is the major problem of allergic disease, (ii) Self-management strategies should be considerably expanded (behavioural), (iii) Change management is essential in allergic diseases, (iv) Education strategies should be reconsidered using a patient-centred approach and (v) Lessons learnt for allergic diseases can be expanded to chronic diseases. © 2019 The Author(s)
Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases
Get PDFBackground
In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support the transformation of the health care system into integrated care with organizational health literacy.
Main body
As an example for chronic disease care, MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel NetworK), a new project of the ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) initiative, and POLLAR (Impact of Air POLLution on Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health), in collaboration with professional and patient organizations in the field of allergy and airway diseases, are proposing real-life ICPs centred around the patient with rhinitis, and using mHealth to monitor environmental exposure. Three aspects of care pathways are being developed: (i) Patient participation, health literacy and self-care through technology-assisted “patient activation”, (ii) Implementation of care pathways by pharmacists and (iii) Next-generation guidelines assessing the recommendations of GRADE guidelines in rhinitis and asthma using real-world evidence (RWE) obtained through mobile technology. The EU and global political agendas are of great importance in supporting the digital transformation of health and care, and MASK has been recognized by DG Santé as a Good Practice in the field of digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care.
Conclusion
In 20 years, ARIA has considerably evolved from the first multimorbidity guideline in respiratory diseases to the digital transformation of health and care with a strong political involvement
ARIA digital anamorphosis:Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice
Get PDFDigital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis.It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and managementof airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.</p
