626 research outputs found
Author Correction: Dental anomaly detection using intraoral photos via deep learning (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (11577), 10.1038/s41598-022-15788-1)
No full textIn the original version of this Article Ronilo Ragodos, Tong Wang and Brian J. Howe were omitted as equally contributing authors. Tong Wang was omitted as an additional corresponding author. Correspondence and requests for materials should also be addressed to [email protected]. In addition, the Author Contributions section in this Article was incorrect.Fil: Ragodos, Ronilo. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Wang, Tong. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Padilla, Carmencita. University of the Philippines; FilipinasFil: Hecht, Jacqueline T.. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Poletta, Fernando Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Orioli, Ieda Maria. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Buxó, Carmen J.. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Butali, Azeez. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Valencia Ramirez, Consuelo. Clinica Noel; ColombiaFil: Restrepo Muñeton, Claudia. Clinica Noel; ColombiaFil: Wehby, George. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Weinberg, Seth M.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados UnidosFil: Marazita, Mary L.. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Moreno Uribe, Lina M.. University of Iowa; Estados UnidosFil: Howe, Brian J.. University of Iowa; Estados Unido
Microdeletion in a FAAH pseudogene identified in a patient with high anandamide concentrations and pain insensitivity
No full textThe study of rare families with inherited pain insensitivity can identify new human-validated analgesic drug targets. Here, a 66-yr-old female presented with nil requirement for postoperative analgesia after a normally painful orthopaedic hand surgery (trapeziectomy). Further investigations revealed a lifelong history of painless injuries, such as frequent cuts and burns, which were observed to heal quickly. We report the causative mutations for this new pain insensitivity disorder: the co-inheritance of (i) a microdeletion in dorsal root ganglia and brain-expressed pseudogene, FAAH-OUT, which we cloned from the fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) chromosomal region; and (ii) a common functional single-nucleotide polymorphism in FAAH conferring reduced expression and activity. Circulating concentrations of anandamide and related fatty-acid amides (palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamine) that are all normally degraded by FAAH were significantly elevated in peripheral blood compared with normal control carriers of the hypomorphic single-nucleotide polymorphism. The genetic findings and elevated circulating fatty-acid amides are consistent with a phenotype resulting from enhanced endocannabinoid signalling and a loss of function of FAAH. Our results highlight previously unknown complexity at the FAAH genomic locus involving the expression of FAAH-OUT, a novel pseudogene and long non-coding RNA. These data suggest new routes to develop FAAH-based analgesia by targeting of FAAH-OUT, which could significantly improve the treatment of postoperative pain and potentially chronic pain and anxiety disorders. - 2019 The Author(s)Medical Research Council (Career Development Award G1100340 to JJC); Wellcome Trust ( 200183/Z/15/Z to JJC, 095698Z/11/Z and 202747/Z/16/Z to DLHB); Alzheimer's Society (research fellowship to JTB), University of Cambridge Academic Foundation Programme (to MCL); Molecular Nociception Group (to MCL); National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD, USA) Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award (to MCL); Wellcome Trust funded London Pain Consortium (to JDR); Colciencias through a Francisco Jose de Caldas Scholarship (LASPAU, Harvard University) (to JDR); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR; to MNH); CIHR (postdoctoral funding to MM).Scopu
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Corrigendum: Proceedings of the 12th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: cutting edge technology meets novel applications
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list and author Sarah-Anna Hescham was erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below. “Alfonso Enrique Martinez-Nunez 1*, Christopher J. Rozell 2, Simon Little 3, Huiling Tan 4, Stephen L. Schmidt 5, Warren M. Grill 5,6, Miroslav Pajic 5, Dennis A. Turner 5,6,7, Coralie de Hemptinne 1, Andre Machado 8,9, Nicholas D. Schiff 10, Abbey S. Holt-Becker 11, Robert S. Raike 11, Mahsa Malekmohammadi 12,13, Yagna J. Pathak 14, Lyndahl Himes 14, David Greene 15, Lothar Krinke 16,17, Mattia Arlotti 16, Lorenzo Rossi 16, Jacob Robinson 18,19, Bahne H. Bahners 20,21,22, Vladimir Litvak 23, Luka Milosevic 24,25, Saadi Ghatan 26,27, Frederic L. W. V. J. Schaper 20, Michael D. Fox 20, Nicholas M. Gregg 28, Cynthia Kubu 8, James J. Jordano 29,30,31, Nicola G. Cascella 32, YoungHoon Nho 33, Casey H. Halpern 33,34, Helen S. Mayberg 35,36,37, Ki Sueng Choi 35,36, Haneul Song 35, Jungho Cha 35, Sankaraleengam Alagapan 2, Nico U. F. Dosenbach 38,39,40,41,42,43, Evan M. Gordon 44, Jianxun Ren 45, Hesheng Liu 45,46, Lorraine V. Kalia 47,48, Sarah-Anna Hescham 49,50,51, Dorian M. Kusyk 1, Adolfo Ramirez-Zamora 1, Kelly D. Foote 1, Michael S. Okun 1 and Joshua K. Wong 1.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.</p
Modeling the effects of generation adequacy policies implemented in North West European countries on the Dutch electricity market
No full textElectricity production plays a crucial role in The Netherlands to support the functioning and development of the entire society. Therefore, it is in the best interest of this country to keep the well functioning of the Dutch electricity market to meet the current and future demand of electricity. However, generation adequacy policies implemented in neighboring countries under European market integration affect the performance of the Dutch electricity market under certain conditions. This study shows that, generation adequacy policies, more precisely capacity mechanisms result in electricity price distortions, redistribution of welfare and to some extent reduction of reliable production capacity in the Netherlands in the short-term. A static equilibrium model of North West Europe electricity market is designed to explore the mentioned cross-border effects on the Dutch electricity market. The results of the model are used to formulate plausible policies to keep the levels of affordability and reliability of electricity in the Dutch electricity market, and to suggest further issues to be researched.Engineering and Policy Analysis/ Energy and IndustryInfrastructure Systems & ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Converting external potential fluctuations into nonzero time-average electric currents using a single nanopore
No full textCopyright 2015 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of PhysicsThe possibility of taking advantage of a fluctuating environment for energy and information transduction is a significant challenge in biological and artificial nanostructures. We demonstrate here directional electrical transduction from fluctuating external signals using a single nanopore of conical shape immersed in an ionic aqueous solution. To this end, we characterize experimentally
the average output currents obtained by the electrical rectification of zero time-average input potentials. The transformation of external potential fluctuations into nonzero time-average responses using a single nanopore in liquid state is of fundamental significance for biology and nanophysics. This energy and information conversion constitutes also a significant step towards macroscopic scaling using multipore membranes. © 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.We acknowledge the support from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Competitiveness and FEDER (Project MAT2012-32084) and the Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo/GV/0069).Gómez Lozano, V.; Ramirez Hoyos, P.; Cervera Montesinos, J.; Nasir, S.; Ali, M.; Ensinger, W.; Mafé, S. (2015). Converting external potential fluctuations into nonzero time-average electric currents using a single nanopore. Applied Physics Letters. 106(7):73701-73703. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4909532S73701737031067Astumian, R. D. (2011). Stochastic Conformational Pumping: A Mechanism for Free-Energy Transduction by Molecules. Annual Review of Biophysics, 40(1), 289-313. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155355Tsong, T. Y. (2002). Journal of Biological Physics, 28(2), 309-325. doi:10.1023/a:1019991918315Xie, T. D., Chen, Y., Marszalek, P., & Tsong, T. Y. (1997). Fluctuation-driven directional flow in biochemical cycle: further study of electric activation of Na,K pumps. Biophysical Journal, 72(6), 2496-2502. doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78894-5Qian, H. (2012). Cooperativity in Cellular Biochemical Processes: Noise-Enhanced Sensitivity, Fluctuating Enzyme, Bistability with Nonlinear Feedback, and Other Mechanisms for Sigmoidal Responses. Annual Review of Biophysics, 41(1), 179-204. doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-050511-102240Levin, M. (2012). Molecular bioelectricity in developmental biology: New tools and recent discoveries. BioEssays, 34(3), 205-217. doi:10.1002/bies.201100136Queralt-Martín, M., García-Giménez, E., Aguilella, V. M., Ramirez, P., Mafe, S., & Alcaraz, A. (2013). Electrical pumping of potassium ions against an external concentration gradient in a biological ion channel. Applied Physics Letters, 103(4), 043707. doi:10.1063/1.4816748Hudspeth, A. J., Choe, Y., Mehta, A. D., & Martin, P. (2000). Putting ion channels to work: Mechanoelectrical transduction, adaptation, and amplification by hair cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(22), 11765-11772. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.22.11765Simpson, M. L., & Cummings, P. T. (2011). Fluctuations and Correlations in Physical and Biological Nanosystems: The Tale Is in the Tails. ACS Nano, 5(4), 2425-2432. doi:10.1021/nn201011mHänggi, P., & Marchesoni, F. (2009). Artificial Brownian motors: Controlling transport on the nanoscale. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81(1), 387-442. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.387Magnasco, M. O. (1993). Forced thermal ratchets. Physical Review Letters, 71(10), 1477-1481. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1477Chialvo, D. R., & Millonas, M. M. (1995). Asymmetric unbiased fluctuations are sufficient for the operation of a correlation ratchet. Physics Letters A, 209(1-2), 26-30. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(95)00773-0Cervera, J., Claver, J. M., & Mafe, S. (2013). Individual Variability and Average Reliability in Parallel Networks of Heterogeneous Biological and Artificial Nanostructures. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, 12(6), 1198-1205. doi:10.1109/tnano.2013.2283871Hirano, Y., Segawa, Y., Kawai, T., & Matsumoto, T. (2012). Stochastic Resonance in a Molecular Redox Circuit. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 117(1), 140-145. doi:10.1021/jp310486zSiwy, Z., & Fuliński, A. (2002). Fabrication of a Synthetic Nanopore Ion Pump. Physical Review Letters, 89(19). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.198103Siwy, Z., & Fuliński, A. (2004). A nanodevice for rectification and pumping ions. American Journal of Physics, 72(5), 567-574. doi:10.1119/1.1648328Ramirez, P., Gomez, V., Ali, M., Ensinger, W., & Mafe, S. (2013). Net currents obtained from zero-average potentials in single amphoteric nanopores. Electrochemistry Communications, 31, 137-140. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2013.03.026Ali, M., Ramirez, P., Nasir, S., Nguyen, Q.-H., Ensinger, W., & Mafe, S. (2014). Nanoparticle-induced rectification in a single cylindrical nanopore: Net currents from zero time-average potentials. Applied Physics Letters, 104(4), 043703. doi:10.1063/1.4863511Cervera, J., & Mafé, S. (2013). Threshold diversity effects on the electric currents of voltage-gated ion channels. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 102(6), 68002. doi:10.1209/0295-5075/102/68002Astumian, R. D., Weaver, J. C., & Adair, R. K. (1995). Rectification and signal averaging of weak electric fields by biological cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92(9), 3740-3743. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.3740Manzanares, J. A., Cervera, J., & Mafé, S. (2011). Processing weak electrical signals with threshold-potential nanostructures showing a high variability. Applied Physics Letters, 99(15), 153703. doi:10.1063/1.3650712Cervera, J., Ramirez, P., Mafe, S., & Stroeve, P. (2011). Asymmetric nanopore rectification for ion pumping, electrical power generation, and information processing applications. Electrochimica Acta, 56(12), 4504-4511. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.056Guo, W., Cao, L., Xia, J., Nie, F.-Q., Ma, W., Xue, J., … Jiang, L. (2010). Energy Harvesting with Single-Ion-Selective Nanopores: A Concentration-Gradient-Driven Nanofluidic Power Source. Advanced Functional Materials, 20(8), 1339-1344. doi:10.1002/adfm.200902312Ali, M., Ramirez, P., Mafé, S., Neumann, R., & Ensinger, W. (2009). A pH-Tunable Nanofluidic Diode with a Broad Range of Rectifying Properties. ACS Nano, 3(3), 603-608. doi:10.1021/nn900039fSiwy, Z. S. (2006). Ion-Current Rectification in Nanopores and Nanotubes with Broken Symmetry. Advanced Functional Materials, 16(6), 735-746. doi:10.1002/adfm.200500471Vlassiouk, I., & Siwy, Z. S. (2007). Nanofluidic Diode. Nano Letters, 7(3), 552-556. doi:10.1021/nl062924bRamirez, P., Ali, M., Ensinger, W., & Mafe, S. (2012). Information processing with a single multifunctional nanofluidic diode. Applied Physics Letters, 101(13), 133108. doi:10.1063/1.475484
Detailed optical and near-infrared polarimetry, spectroscopy and broad-band photometry of the afterglow of GRB 091018 : polarization evolution
No full textFollow-up observations of large numbers of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, facilitated by the Swift satellite, have produced a large sample of spectral energy distributions and light curves, from which their basic micro- and macro-physical parameters can in principle be derived. However, a number of phenomena have been observed that defy explanation by simple versions of the standard fireball model, leading to a variety of new models. Polarimetry can be a major independent diagnostic of afterglow physics, probing the magnetic field properties and internal structure of the GRB jets. In this paper we present the first high-quality multi-night polarimetric light curve of a Swift GRB afterglow, aimed at providing a well-calibrated data set of a typical afterglow to serve as a benchmark system for modelling afterglow polarization behaviour. In particular, our data set of the afterglow of GRB 091018 (at redshift z = 0.971) comprises optical linear polarimetry (R band, 0.13-2.3d after burst); circular polarimetry (R band) and near-infrared linear polarimetry (Ks band). We add to that high-quality optical and near-infrared broad-band light curves and spectral energy distributions as well as afterglow spectroscopy. The linear polarization varies between 0 and 3per cent, with both long and short time-scale variability visible. We find an achromatic break in the afterglow light curve, which corresponds to features in the polarimetric curve. We find that the data can be reproduced by jet break models only if an additional polarized component of unknown nature is present in the polarimetric curve. We probe the ordered magnetic field component in the afterglow through our deep circular polarimetry, finding P circ < 0.15per cent (2σ), the deepest limit yet for a GRB afterglow, suggesting ordered fields are weak, if at all present. Our simultaneous R- and Ks-band polarimetry shows that dust-induced polarization in the host galaxy is likely negligible
Measurement of the muon charge asymmetry in inclusive pp →W + X production at s=7 TeV and an improved determination of light parton distribution functions
No full textPublished by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published articles title, journal citation, and DOI.Measurements of the muon charge asymmetry in inclusive pp → W + X production at root s= 7 TeV are
presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb−1 recorded with the CMS
detector at the LHC. With a sample of more than 20 million W → μν events, the statistical precision is
greatly improved in comparison to previous measurements. These new results provide additional
constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton in the range of the Bjorken scaling variable
x from 10−3 to 10−1. These measurements and the recent CMS measurement of associated W þ charm
production are used together with the cross sections for inclusive deep inelastic e p scattering at HERA in
a next-to-leading-order QCD analysis. The determination of the valence quark distributions is improved,
and the strange-quark distribution is probed directly through the leading-order process g þ s → W þ c in
proton-proton collisions at the LHC.the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Recurrent financing contract SF0690030s09 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the World Class University program of NRF, Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the National Science Council, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the U.S. Department of Energy, and the U.S. National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by EU, Regional Development Fund; and the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF
Nanoparticle-induced rectification in a single cylindrical nanopore: Net currents from zero time-average potentials
No full textCopyright 2014 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics.Rectification in nanopores is usually achieved by a fixed asymmetry in the pore geometry and charge distribution. We show here that nanoparticle blocking of a cylindrical pore induces rectifying properties that can support significant net currents with zero time-average potentials. To describe experimentally this effect, the steady-state current-voltage curves of a single nanopore are obtained for different charge states and relative sizes of the pore and the charged nanoparticles, which are present only on one side. The rectification phenomena observed can find applications in the area of nanofluidics and involves physical concepts that are also characteristic of the blocking of protein ion channels by ionic drugs. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.M.A., S.N., Q.H.N., and W. E. acknowledge the Beilstein-Institut, Frankfurt/Main, Germany, within the research collaboration NanoBiC. P. R. and S. M. acknowledge the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project MAT2012-32084) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/GV/0069). The authors thank Professor Christina Trautmann from GSI for support with the heavy ion irradiation experiments.Ali, M.; Ramirez Hoyos, P.; Nasir, S.; Nguyen, Q.; Ensinger, W.; Mafé, S. (2014). Nanoparticle-induced rectification in a single cylindrical nanopore: Net currents from zero time-average potentials. Applied Physics Letters. 104(4):437031-437034. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4863511S4370314370341044Astumian, R. D., & Hänggi, P. (2002). Brownian Motors. Physics Today, 55(11), 33-39. doi:10.1063/1.1535005Magnasco, M. O. (1993). Forced thermal ratchets. Physical Review Letters, 71(10), 1477-1481. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1477Hänggi, P., & Marchesoni, F. (2009). Artificial Brownian motors: Controlling transport on the nanoscale. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81(1), 387-442. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.387Ramirez, P., Gomez, V., Ali, M., Ensinger, W., & Mafe, S. (2013). Net currents obtained from zero-average potentials in single amphoteric nanopores. Electrochemistry Communications, 31, 137-140. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2013.03.026Queralt-Martín, M., García-Giménez, E., Aguilella, V. M., Ramirez, P., Mafe, S., & Alcaraz, A. (2013). Electrical pumping of potassium ions against an external concentration gradient in a biological ion channel. Applied Physics Letters, 103(4), 043707. doi:10.1063/1.4816748Siwy, Z., & Fuliński, A. (2002). Fabrication of a Synthetic Nanopore Ion Pump. Physical Review Letters, 89(19). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.198103Vlassiouk, I., & Siwy, Z. S. (2007). Nanofluidic Diode. Nano Letters, 7(3), 552-556. doi:10.1021/nl062924bSiwy, Z. S. (2006). Ion-Current Rectification in Nanopores and Nanotubes with Broken Symmetry. Advanced Functional Materials, 16(6), 735-746. doi:10.1002/adfm.200500471Guan, W., Fan, R., & Reed, M. A. (2011). Field-effect reconfigurable nanofluidic ionic diodes. Nature Communications, 2(1). doi:10.1038/ncomms1514Ali, M., Ramirez, P., Mafé, S., Neumann, R., & Ensinger, W. (2009). A pH-Tunable Nanofluidic Diode with a Broad Range of Rectifying Properties. ACS Nano, 3(3), 603-608. doi:10.1021/nn900039fGuo, W., Cao, L., Xia, J., Nie, F.-Q., Ma, W., Xue, J., … Jiang, L. (2010). Energy Harvesting with Single-Ion-Selective Nanopores: A Concentration-Gradient-Driven Nanofluidic Power Source. Advanced Functional Materials, 20(8), 1339-1344. doi:10.1002/adfm.200902312Ramirez, P., Ali, M., Ensinger, W., & Mafe, S. (2012). Information processing with a single multifunctional nanofluidic diode. Applied Physics Letters, 101(13), 133108. doi:10.1063/1.4754845Yusko, E. C., An, R., & Mayer, M. (2009). Electroosmotic Flow Can Generate Ion Current Rectification in Nano- and Micropores. ACS Nano, 4(1), 477-487. doi:10.1021/nn9013438Lee, S., Zhang, Y., White, H. S., Harrell, C. C., & Martin, C. R. (2004). Electrophoretic Capture and Detection of Nanoparticles at the Opening of a Membrane Pore Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Analytical Chemistry, 76(20), 6108-6115. doi:10.1021/ac049147pWhite, R. J., & White, H. S. (2007). Influence of Electrophoresis Waveforms in Determining Stochastic Nanoparticle Capture Rates and Detection Sensitivity. Analytical Chemistry, 79(16), 6334-6340. doi:10.1021/ac070610iNestorovich, E. M., Danelon, C., Winterhalter, M., & Bezrukov, S. M. (2002). Designed to penetrate: Time-resolved interaction of single antibiotic molecules with bacterial pores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(15), 9789-9794. doi:10.1073/pnas.152206799Mafé, S., Ramı́rez, P., & Alcaraz, A. (2003). Simple molecular model for the binding of antibiotic molecules to bacterial ion channels. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 119(15), 8097-8102. doi:10.1063/1.1606438Karginov, V. A., Nestorovich, E. M., Moayeri, M., Leppla, S. H., & Bezrukov, S. M. (2005). Blocking anthrax lethal toxin at the protective antigen channel by using structure-inspired drug design. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(42), 15075-15080. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507488102Aguilella-Arzo, M., Cervera, J., Ramírez, P., & Mafé, S. (2006). Blocking of an ion channel by a highly charged drug: Modeling the effects of applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, and drug concentration. Physical Review E, 73(4). doi:10.1103/physreve.73.041914Verdiá-Báguena, C., Queralt-Martín, M., Aguilella, V. M., & Alcaraz, A. (2012). Protein Ion Channels as Molecular Ratchets. Switchable Current Modulation in Outer Membrane Protein F Porin Induced by Millimolar La3+ Ions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 116(11), 6537-6542. doi:10.1021/jp210790rAstumian, R. D., Weaver, J. C., & Adair, R. K. (1995). Rectification and signal averaging of weak electric fields by biological cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92(9), 3740-3743. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.9.3740Manzanares, J. A., Cervera, J., & Mafé, S. (2011). Processing weak electrical signals with threshold-potential nanostructures showing a high variability. Applied Physics Letters, 99(15), 153703. doi:10.1063/1.3650712Blackiston, D. J., McLaughlin, K. A., & Levin, M. (2009). Bioelectric controls of cell proliferation: Ion channels, membrane voltage and the cell cycle. Cell Cycle, 8(21), 3527-3536. doi:10.4161/cc.8.21.9888Levin, M., & Stevenson, C. G. (2012). Regulation of Cell Behavior and Tissue Patterning by Bioelectrical Signals: Challenges and Opportunities for Biomedical Engineering. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 14(1), 295-323. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150114Davenport, M., Healy, K., Pevarnik, M., Teslich, N., Cabrini, S., Morrison, A. P., … Létant, S. E. (2012). 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Effect of oxytocin treatment in sows on umbilical cord morphology, meconium staining, and neonatal mortality of piglets
No full textOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 2 oxytocin products administered to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion on the integrity of umbilical cords, meconium staining, and piglet mortality. ANIMALS: 2099 neonatal pigs. PROCEDURE: 180 parturient sows were randomly assigned to 3 stratified groups of 60 sows each. Two groups of sows were injected IM at the onset of fetal expulsion with 1 of 2 oxytocin commercial products (20, 40, or 50 U for sows weighing 120 to 150 kg, 151 to 250 kg, or > or = 251 kg, respectively). Control sows were treated IM with saline (0.9% NaCI) solution. Farrowing time, expulsion intervals, and numbers of stillborn and liveborn piglets were recorded for each sow. Piglets were evaluated for inspiratory effort, heart rates, and degree of meconium staining of skin (nonstained, and moderately or severely stained). Umbilical cords were classified as normal in appearance, edematous, congested, hemorrhagic, or ruptured. RESULTS: Oxytocin-treated sows had a significant decrease in farrowing time and expulsion intervals and also had a significantly higher number of stillborn piglets per litter, compared with control sows. The number of piglets per litter with ruptured and hemorrhagic umbilical cords was significantly greater in oxytocin-treated sows, compared with control sows. In near-death stillborn piglets, oxytocin treatment significantly decreased inspiratory efforts at birth and increased the rate and severity of meconium staining, compared with saline treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Oxytocin given to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion significantly increases the rate of fetal distress, anoxia, and intrapartum death in piglets.LR: 20031114; PUBM: Print; JID: 0375011; 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
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