20 research outputs found
Validation study of the cell cooling coefficient as a heat rejection parameter for a prismatic-type lithium-ion battery cell through tab and surface cooling
No full textThe Cell Cooling Coefficient (CCC) is a novel, standardized parameter developed to evaluate the heat rejection capabilities of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), addressing the critical challenges of performance, safety, and longevity. This study validates the CCCsurf (surface cooling) and CCCtabs (tab cooling) as heat rejection metrics for a prismatic-type LIB cell through experimental testing and analysis. Using a custom-built CCC determination system, steady-state heat rejection was achieved via a square wave pulsing method. The system incorporated modular heat fins, a Python-based battery cycler program, and thermocouples to measure key temperatures during operation. The results demonstrated that CCCsurf (0.3719 W/K) was significantly higher than CCCtabs (0.1027 W/K), consistent with existing studies on pouch cells. Surface cooling was found to be more effective in overall heat rejection, while tab cooling excelled in maintaining thermal uniformity. Challenges unique to prismatic cells, such as limited tab surface area and convective heat loss, influenced the cooling performance. Additionally, varying C-rate values during square wave pulsing revealed that higher C-rates increased the maximum temperature developed and cell heat rate, highlighting the dependence of heat rejection on operational conditions. These findings reinforce the CCC’s potential as a standardized metric for comparing thermal performance across cell types and chemistries. By validating CCC metrics for prismatic cells, this study contributes to advancing thermal management strategies, optimizing battery design, and improving safety and longevity in applications such as electric vehicles
The good, the bad, and the ugly: Esping-Andersen's regime typology and the religious roots of the Western welfare state
No full textEsping-Andersen's 'Three World of Welfare Capitalism' has been the most influential contribution of recent years to the comparative welfare state research literature. According to Esping-Andersen, the welfare state basically comes in three variants: as a social-democratic, a conservative, or as a liberal regime. Yet, at a closer look particularly the conservative regime type proves to be a highly problematic category. The article claims that major problems of the 'three worlds'-typology originate from Esping-Andersen's sole focus on the class conflict, whereas he only very selectively accounts for the importance of religious cleavages. Major empirical problems of his approach vanish once we take into account not only the impact of the Catholic social doctrine on the development of the welfare state, but consider also the influence of social Protestantism, especially that of reformed, 'free', disestablished or dissenting Protestantism. The paper substantiates this claim with data-analysis for the early formative period of welfare state formation (1890-1920) and for its times of growth and crisis (1960s-1990). -- Folgt man dem einflussreichsten Beitrag zur vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung der letzten Zeit, Esping-Andersens 'Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism', so tritt der entwickelte westliche Sozialstaat in drei Varianten auf: entweder als sozialdemokratisches, oder als konservatives, oder als liberales Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt jedoch, dass Esping-Andersens Typenbildung und Länderzuordnungen insbesondere im Fall des konservativen Regimes problematisch sind. In diesem Papier argumentiere ich, dass gravierende Probleme daherrühren, dass seine Theorie vornehmlich den Klassenkonflikt, nur sehr selektiv aber den Einfluss konfessioneller Faktoren in den Blick nimmt. Wesentliche empirische Unstimmigkeiten seines Ansatzes lassen sich lösen, wenn man neben der Bedeutung der katholischen Soziallehre für den institutionellen Entwicklungspfad des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaates auch den Einfluss des Protestantismus, und hier insbesondere den Einfluss der reformierten protestantischen Strömungen, in den Blick nimmt. Der Beitrag zeigt dies mit vergleichenden Daten sowohl für die Frühphase (1890-1920) als auch für die Hochzeit des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaats (1960-1990).
Introduction
No full textThis is the introduction to a book in which Schweighauser traces the acoustic imagination of American literature from naturalism to postmodernism. He reads the noises writers represent as fictional responses to the social, cultural, and political changes and conflicts of modernity and postmodernity. Exploring the social functions of literature, he also suggests that literature itself, in its constant search for new language forms, has become a source of revitalizing noise in the channels of cultural communication.
The author provides substantial new readings of a broad range of canonical texts, from the naturalism of Theodore Dreiser, Frank Norris, and Stephen Crane to the modernism of Jean Toomer, Zora Neale Hurston, John Dos Passos, and Djuna Barnes, to the postmodernism of Thomas Pynchon, Ishmael Reed, and Don DeLillo. Across almost 100 years of literary history, he listens to the hum of traffic and the fracas of war and to immigrant accents and African-American vocalization. From the late 19th-century writers' often anxious responses to the new soundscapes brought about by industrialization and urbanization, to the modernists' decision to let the noises of social discontent seep into the very forms of their texts, to late 20th-century literary oscillations between acoustic mysticism and ecological critique, he shows that changing representations of sound indicate writers' stances on issues of class, gender, and race.
Drawing on soundscape studies, systems theory, sociology, media archaeology, and literary theory, this book explores the acoustic worlds and changing social functions of American literature
Iowa History and Culture : A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986, 1989
No full textThis bibliography was compiled by two reference librarians, Patricia Dawson and David Hudson with the goal of making it easier of tracking down material on Iowa history and culture. This supplements the Iowa History Reference Guide published in 1952 by William Petersen
The theory of eucharistic presence in the early Caroline divines, examined in its European theological setting
No full textThe question of Christ's presence in the eucharist was an issue
which caused great controversy in the Reformation period, and which
continued to evoke dispute during the seventeenth century. Various
interpretations of the Caroline divines' teaching on the eucharistic
presence have been offered, but often they seem either to indicate the
theological position of the writer rather than that of the theologians
considered, or to ignore the broader context of eucharistic doctrine.
The purpose of this study, therefore, was 1. to investigate the
theology of eucharistic presence in the thinking of several seventeenth-century
Anglican divines, and 2. to examine their teaching in relation
to the sixteenth-century Anglican heritage and the various continental
sacramental doctrines, Reformed, Lutheran, Roman Catholic and Eastern
Orthodox.
To accomplish this goal, eight theologians were chosen for examination:
Adrianus Saravia, Lancelot Andrewes, John Cosin, Richard
Montague, William Forbes, William Laud, Jeremy Taylor and Herbert
Thorndike. When available, nineteenth-century editions of their works
were used; otherwise, seventeenth-century texts were employed.
Similarly, modern editions of Roman, Orthodox, Lutheran and Reformed
writings were utilized when possible. Thy examination of eucharistic
teaching included seven major points: 1. the sacrament as mystery,
2. eucharistic change, 3. the relationship between Christ's body and
the bread, 4. eucharistic communion, 5. the nature of Christ's body in
the sacrament, 6. consecration, and 7. adoration in the eucharist.
This study has shown that there was great diversity in the
thinking of the Caroline divines (although they did not treat the
subject of eucharistic presence with equal detail or depth); no
unified understanding of sacramental presence was expressed. Reformed
ideas inherited from the previous century remained strong, but new
tendencies toward other understandings of the eucharist can be
discerned. The period, therefore, can be seen to represent a new
stage in the history of Anglican eucharistic doctrine
Author Correction: Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
No full textMapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
No full textA double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4 (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4 (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5 in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2 (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0 (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic. © 2020, The Author(s)
Interdirectionality of Transmission of Jesus and Gospel Traditions in Bilingual Contexts
No full textMapping disparities in education across low- and middle-income countries
No full textEducational attainment is an important social determinant of maternal, newborn, and child health1–3. As a tool for promoting gender equity, it has gained increasing traction in popular media, international aid strategies, and global agenda-setting4–6. The global health agenda is increasingly focused on evidence of precision public health, which illustrates the subnational distribution of disease and illness7,8; however, an agenda focused on future equity must integrate comparable evidence on the distribution of social determinants of health9–11. Here we expand on the available precision SDG evidence by estimating the subnational distribution of educational attainment, including the proportions of individuals who have completed key levels of schooling, across all low- and middle-income countries from 2000 to 2017. Previous analyses have focused on geographical disparities in average attainment across Africa or for specific countries, but—to our knowledge—no analysis has examined the subnational proportions of individuals who completed specific levels of education across all low- and middle-income countries12–14. By geolocating subnational data for more than 184 million person-years across 528 data sources, we precisely identify inequalities across geography as well as within populations. © 2019, The Author(s)
