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Judicial Review of EU acts
No full textJudicial review is the cornerstone for any society that can be considered truly democratic. The process of judicial review enables the courts to scrutinise the legality of administrative and legislative acts. Within the EU legal framework, Article 263 TFEU provides for the primary mechanism for this judicial oversight. Article 263 TFEU allows for direct challenges to the legality of EU measures, focusing on four key elements: the types of reviewable acts, eligible applicants, time limitations, and grounds for review.
A complete system of judicial review requires not only that Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies act lawfully, but also that they act when they have a duty to do so. The chapter focuses on the extent to which non-privileged applicants are adequately protected by the Union legal order, in particular as regards the rules relating to locus standi and -consequently- the right of access to a court
One foot in parliament, one on the streets: Studying the fluid relation between individual participation and party evaluations of protest
Full text linkThis paper investigates the interconnection between electoral and non-electoral politics. Through a unique integration of social media and nationally representative survey data, we examine how political parties in Denmark, Germany, and the United Kingdom evaluate episodes of street protest and how these evaluations relate to their votersโ participation in such protests. Our analysis shows that all political parties, regardless of type or ideology, engage with the non-electoral field, showing a greater tendency to express support for protests they agree with, rather than to criticize those they oppose, in their social media posts. Moreover, our findings underscore a robust association between party support or criticism of a protest and the likelihood of its voters either participating in or shunning the same protest. These findings renew our understanding of fluid linkages between parties and civil society through a less structured and deterministic double role of voters and street protesters than in the past
Geometry and Performance Modelling of Internally Geared Screw Machines with Comparison to Conventional Twin Screw Compressor
Full text linkInternally geared screw machines (IGSMs) are a class of positive displacement compressors introduced in recent years. Their design involves two intermeshing rotors, denoted as the main (inner) and gate (outer), which rotate in the same direction on parallel but offset axes. Unlike conventional twin screw machines, which implement two externally geared rotors positioned side by side, IGSMs feature internal gearing, with one rotor enclosed within the other. While conventional twin screw compressors are widely used and extensively studied, IGSMs remain relatively novel. Previous research has primarily focused on their geometric feasibility and potential advantages using simplified performance models. This paper contributes by presenting a detailed geometrical model of an internally geared screw machine, enabling the calculation of geometry relevant parameters and integration with a well-established one-dimensional chamber model for performance prediction. The chamber model is compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for a single IGSM design operating under both oil-free and oil-injected conditions. Furthermore, the IGSM design is compared with a conventional twin screw configuration to provide a preliminary assessment of relative performance for a small-scale air compression application. The results are analysed, and directions for future work are outlined to support continued development and validation of this novel machine concept
Dyadic Person Similarity Predicts Similarity in Face Judgements
Full text linkPerceivers consistently extract information from faces to judge whether others are attractive, trustworthy, or dominant. However, there is also substantial variability among perceivers when making these face-judgements. Here, we investigated whether dyadic similarities in participantsโ personalities are related to similarities in their face-judgements. 307 participants based in the UK rated 24 faces on six traits. Participants also rated themselves on social-traits and completed a personality questionnaire. We computed dissimilarities between pairs of participants for face-judgements, self-rated-social-traits, and personality-traits, resulting in three separate dissimilarity matrices. Using representational similarity analysis, we showed that both the self-rated-social-traits and personality-traits matrices were significantly correlated with the face-judgements matrix. Importantly, these associations were stable when controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, and location. These findings show that people who are more similar to each other also perceive others in a similar manner, and could form the basis for how we gravitate towards others and build friendships
Interplay Between Green Investment and Market Price Premia in Global Shipping
Full text linkExisting research emphasises that the driver of green investment is its future profitability. This paper shows that other investors' decisions also influence green investment. We take the example of scrubber installation in shipping, which is optional by regulation but has an established market for trading its underlying asset. It requires an initial capital expenditure but generates increased profitability due to fuel savings and higher freight income. However, the volatility of fuel prices and freight rates renders it challenging for investors to decide on the installation. To examine this dilemma, we develop and estimate a Vector Error Correction Model across the tanker and dry bulk shipping sectors from 2021 to 2024. The results indicate the existence of both shortโ and longโrun cointegrating relationships among the freight rate premium, fuel savings and the size of the scrubberโfitted fleet. A 1% increase in the share of the scrubberโfitted fleet decreases the freight rate premium by 1.4%โ3.8% and fuel savings by 0.6%โ1.9%. We are the first to provide empirical evidence regarding the peer effect of green investment on market price premia. When undertaking green investments, it is important to consider others' decisions as the potential oversupply of the asset can reduce its future profitability
Cyclic Response Characteristics of SCC Extended End-Plate Reduced Web Section (RWS) Connections
Full text linkThis study investigates the cyclic behaviour of demountable steelโconcrete composite extended end-plate reduced web section (RWS) connections for the first time, aiming to facilitate post-seismic beam replacement. A validated high-fidelity finite element (FE) model was developed to analyse 285 FE models, evaluating response characteristics based on the IbarraโMedinaโKrawinkler model. Key parameters, including the influence of composite action over the web opening, web opening diameter, and end-distance, were considered. Findings indicate that RWS connections with medium to large web openings experience cyclic strength degradation while remaining compliant with American and European seismic standards. Additionally, bolted shear studs yielded a more stable and predictable contribution to the connectionโs strength up to 5%, outperforming traditional welded studs in consistency. This research emphasises the importance of aligning web opening size and location with capacity design ratios between connection components for acceptable seismic performance, proposing specific web opening sizes and locations to enhance structural resilience
Widening the web. Applying a production network approach to the cultural and creative sectors
Full text linkThis paper argues that to understand the Cultural and Creative Sectors (CCS) we need a wholesale re-conceptualisation of its economic organisation to render visible its production system. We counter the model of the sole artist engaged in craft production, or the corporate industrialised mass production of commercial products, with a more nuanced model of cultural production (eco-)systems which does not depart from location, but instead from organisation. Drawing on research for the CICERONE Horizon 2020 project, we show that by adapting a Global Production Network (GPN) framework to analyse the particularities of the CCS, we can develop a conceptual lens which goes beyond the creation phase and systematically maps other related activities and their respective locations; looks at the forms of embeddedness of these activities and at the governance of the production networks. This challenges extant approaches to understanding the CCS which are siloed either by industry, phase of production or by location. The structure of the paper is as follows: we present a brief overview of key developments in the CCS. This is followed by a critique of existing cluster and ecosystem approaches. Next, we outline the conceptualisation of the cultural economy version of the GPN. Finally, we provide a synoptic overview of the key findings of the CICERONE project organised around production network cycle, mode of governance and embedding to explain the spatiality of the creative economy in a new way
The determinants of nursing staff escalating clinical deterioration out-of-hours: A mixed methods systematic review
Full text linkBackground
โFailure to rescueโ remains as a critical challenge in acute care globally. Despite the implementation of rapid response systems and early warning scoring tools, adverse outcomes persist especially out-of-hours - defined as night and weekends - when patient morbidity and mortality is higher. The underlying causes of this disparity remain poorly understood. Timely recognition and escalation of clinical deterioration are essential to prevent harm, with nursing staff playing a vital role. However, significant gaps persist in understanding the determinants to escalation out-of-hours.
Objective
To synthesise existing literature addressing the question: What are the determinants of nursing staff escalating care for clinically deteriorating patients out-of-hours?
Information sources
Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL.
Methods
A systematic mixed-methods review was conducted, covering studies published up to May 2025. Eligible studies examined nursing staff recognition and response to clinical deterioration out-of-hours in adult inpatient wards. Quality appraisal used Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools. Data synthesis followed the Joanna Briggs Institute Convergent Integrated Approach.
Results
Of 3085 records screened, 26 studies met inclusion criteria (nโฏ=โฏ18 quantitative, nโฏ=โฏ7 qualitative, nโฏ=โฏ1 mixed methods). Most were of moderate to high quality, though limitations in recruitment and reporting were noted. No study exclusively examined the determinants of nursing staff behaviour in escalating care out-of-hours, making this the first comprehensive review on the subject. Five key determinants of behaviour were identified: (1) The unique challenges and workarounds of the โhospital at nightโ, (2) Workforce composition and team dynamics out-of-hours, (3) Organisational oversight and adaptive strategies, (4) Clinical nursing workflow and supporting resources, (5) Individual determinants of behaviour, strengths and limitations.
Conclusions
This review underscores the complex interplay of determinants influencing nursing staff escalation out-of-hours, highlighting the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance patient safety. Increasing psychological safety, integrating automated vital signs monitoring technologies, and redesigning communication pathways may strengthen clinical decision-making and teamwork. Staffing models and skill-mix require reassessment to reflect out-of-hours challenges. Future research should prioritise feasible, context-sensitive interventions informed by behavioural and human factors science. By advancing these strategies, healthcare organisations can mitigate out-of-hours risks and deliver safer, more effective patient care
The index in d-exact categories
Full text linkStarting from its original definition in module categories with respect to projective modules, the index has played an important role in various aspects of homological algebra, categorification of cluster algebras and K-theory. In the last few years, the notion of index has been generalised to several different contexts in (higher) homological algebra, typically with respect to a (higher) cluster-tilting subcategory of the relevant ambient category . The recent tools of extriangulated and higher-exangulated categories have permitted some conditions on the subcategory to be relaxed. In this paper, we introduce the index with respect to a generating, contravariantly finite subcategory of a d-exact category that has d-kernels. We show that our index has the important property of being additive on d-exact sequences up to an error term
Hybrid deep learning based monocular pose estimation for autonomous space docking operations
Full text linkThe growing necessity for autonomous space operations has intensified due to the proliferation of on-orbit servicing missions and the critical need to mitigate space debris accumulation, highlighting the essential role of precise and reliable autonomous docking systems. In response to these challenges, this paper presents and validates a novel hybrid methodology for autonomous spacecraft docking that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Perspective-n-Point (PnP) algorithms for monocular pose estimation. The proposed hybrid framework synergistically combines CNN-based keypoint detection with PnP geometric reconstruction and RANSAC-based outlier rejection to achieve robust and accurate pose estimation under diverse operational conditions, including variable illumination, viewing geometries, and approach trajectories. A comprehensive evaluation of CNN backbone architectures was conducted using both synthetic and real-world datasets to optimize performance characteristics, encompassing ResNet50, MobileNet, EfficientNet, and HRNet architectures. Experimental validation was performed in a controlled facility utilizing robotic hardware and specialized illumination systems designed to replicate space environmental conditions. The system demonstrated exceptional performance, maintaining translational errors below 0.30% and rotational errors below 1.14ยบ during simulated docking scenarios. Comparative analysis with other direct pose estimation methodologies confirms that the proposed hybrid approach achieves superior translational accuracy while preserving high rotational precision, establishing its viability for autonomous spacecraft operations
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