11 research outputs found
Joan de Haes en de Poëtenoorlog
No full textAt the beginning of the eighteenth century Joan de Haes, a rather unkown Dutch poet, played an important role in the so- called ‘Poëtenoorlog’. The main issue was whether the famous poet Vondel ought to be the guiding author of the Dutch poets or the poets of the ‘doctrine classique’, such as Corneille.
Joan de Haes was an admirer of Vondel. He hated ‘French’ interference which he regarded as a danger to Dutch poetry. In several pamphlets he attacked his opponents. One time he parodied his adversary, the other time he used irony as a weapon. The conflict between these poets sometimes got very personal. Swearwords often were used.
De Haes played an active role in the ‘Poëtenoorlog’. His main concern was defending Vondel and stopping the frenchifying of Dutch literature. In spite of all his efforts he did not succeed in his mission
Dynamic eye colour as an honest signal of aggression
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordAnimal eyes are some of the most widely recognisable structures in nature. Due to their salience
to predators and prey, most research has focussed on how animals hide or camouflage their
eyes [1]. However, across all vertebrate Classes many species actually express brightly
coloured or conspicuous eyes, suggesting they may have also evolved a signalling function. Nevertheless, perhaps due to the difficulty with experimentally manipulating eye appearance, very few species beyond humans [2] have been experimentally shown to use eyes as signals [3]. Using staged behavioural trials we show that Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), which can rapidly change their iris colour, predominantly express conspicuous eye colouration when performing aggressive behaviours towards smaller conspecifics. We then show, using a
novel visually-realistic robotic system to create a mismatch between signal and relative competitive ability, that eye colour is used to honestly signal aggressive motivation. Specifically, robotic ‘cheats’, i.e. smaller and thus less-competitive robotic fish that displayed aggressive eye colouration when defending a food patch, attracted greater food competition from larger real fish. Our study suggests that eye colour may be an under-appreciated aspect of signalling in animals, shows the utility of our new biomimetic robotic system for investigations in animal behaviour, and provides rare experimental evidence that socially-mediated costs towards low-quality individuals may maintain the honesty of dynamic colour signals.This work was supported by a research grant from the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2015-047)
awarded to D.P.C. and S.K.D. D.P.C. and S.K.D. also acknowledge funding from the Danish
Council for Independent Research (DFF – 1323-00105). We are very grateful to Rajendra
Mahabir for assistance in the field, to Fiona Moultrie, Joah Madden, Sam Ellis, Ashley Ward,
and John Endler for valuable discussion, and to Tom Houslay for advice on the R code to
generate the plots
School is out on noisy reefs: the effect of boat noise on predator learning and survival of juvenile coral reef fishes
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Noise produced by anthropogenic activities is increasing in many marine ecosystems. We investigated the effect of playback of boat noise on fish cognition. We focused on noise from small motorboats, since its occurrence can dominate soundscapes in coastal communities, the number of noise-producing vessels is increasing rapidly and their proximity to marine life has the potential to cause deleterious effects. Cognition-or the ability of individuals to learn and remember information-is crucial, given that most species rely on learning to achieve fitness-promoting tasks, such as finding food, choosing mates and recognizing predators. The caveat with cognition is its latent effect: the individual that fails to learn an important piece of information will live normally until the moment where it needs the information to make a fitness-related decision. Such latent effects can easily be overlooked by traditional risk assessment methods. Here, we conducted three experiments to assess the effect of boat noise playbacks on the ability of fish to learn to recognize predation threats, using a common, conserved learning paradigm. We found that fish that were trained to recognize a novel predator while being exposed to 'reef + boat noise' playbacks failed to subsequently respond to the predator, while their 'reef noise' counterparts responded appropriately. We repeated the training, giving the fish three opportunities to learn three common reef predators, and released the fish in the wild. Those trained in the presence of 'reef + boat noise' playbacks survived 40% less than the 'reef noise' controls over our 72 h monitoring period, a performance equal to that of predator-naive fish. Our last experiment indicated that these results were likely due to failed learning, as opposed to stress effects from the sound exposure. Neither playbacks nor real boat noise affected survival in the absence of predator training. Our results indicate that boat noise has the potential to cause latent effects on learning long after the stressor has gone.Funding for this study was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (M.C.O.F., D.P.C.), the Australian Research Council (M.I.M., M.C.O.F., D.P.C., M.G.M.), the ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (M.I.M.) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (S.D.S.)
La cessazione automatica del rapporto di lavoro del comandante di aeromobile per raggiunti limiti di età
No full textIl lavoro, dopo aver illustrato il regime giuridico cui sono sottoposti gli «aeromobili equiparati a quelli di Stato» si concentra sull’analisi della complessa decisione del 2021 n. 9662 della Cassazione, mediante la quale tale Corte ha posto fine da un’articolata vicenda giudiziaria concernente la cessazione del rapporto di lavoro - per raggiunti limiti di età - di un comandante di aeromobile «equiparato a quelli di Stato» con una società di trasporto aereo svolgente attività economica simulata, e, precisamente, un’attività istituzionale di natura pubblica per finalità di sicurezza nazionale. In tale percorso, l’autore del contributo, dopo aver proposto una ricostruzione critica del fondamento giuridico del d.P.C 9 dicembre 2008 che fissa a sessant’anni il limite massimo di età per lo svolgimento dell’attività professionale dei piloti alle dipendenze della predetta compagnia aerea, si sofferma ad analizzare le ragioni dell’inapplicabilità, al caso di specie, del reg. (UE) n. 1178/2011, che pone specifici limiti operativi, legati all’età anagrafica, per i piloti dell’aviazione commerciale. Egli, inoltre, dopo aver valutato la compatibilità del decreto del 2008 con le previsioni della direttiva 2000/78/CE sulla parità di trattamento in materia di occupazione e di condizioni di lavoro, anche alla luce dell’interpretazione di essa fornita dalla Corte di Giustizia dell’UE nel 2019, affronta, infine, il problema delle possibili censure di incostituzionalità del d.P.C 9 dicembre 2008.The paper, after illustrating the legal regime to which «aircraft assimilated to State aircraft» are subject, focuses on the analysis of the complex decision No. 9662 of the Supreme Court of Cassation in 2021, through which this Court put an end to a complex judicial case concerning the termination of the employment relationship - due to age limits - of an aircraft commander «assimilated to State aircraft« with an air transport company carrying out simulated economic activity, and, precisely, an institutional activity of a public nature for purposes of national security. In this course of action, the author of the essay, after proposing a critical reconstruction of the legal basis of the Decree of the President of the Republic of 9 December 2008, which sets at sixty the maximum age limit for the performance of the professional activity of pilots employed by the aforementioned airline company, examine the reasons for the inapplicability, in this case, of Regulation (EU) No. 1178/2011, which sets specific operational limits, linked to age, for commercial aviation pilots. Moreover, after assessing the compatibility of the 2008 decree with the provisions of Directive 2000/78/EC on equal treatment in employment and occupation, also in light of the interpretation of it provided by the Court of Justice of the EU in 2019, he finally faces the problem of the possible unconstitutionality of the mentioned Presidential Decree of 9 December 2008
The application of statistical network models in disease research
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via the DOI in this record.Host social structure is fundamental to how infections spread and persist, and so the statistical modelling of static and dynamic social networks provides an invaluable tool to parameterise realistic epidemiological models. We present a practical guide to the application of network modelling frameworks for hypothesis testing related to social interactions and epidemiology, illustrating some approaches with worked examples using data from a population of wild European badgers Meles meles naturally infected with bovine tuberculosis. Different empirical network datasets generate particular statistical issues related to non-independence and sampling constraints. We therefore discuss the strengths and weaknesses of modelling approaches for different types of network data and for answering different questions relating to disease transmission. We argue that statistical modelling frameworks designed specifically for network analysis offer great potential in directly relating network structure to infection. They have the potential to be powerful tools in analysing empirical contact data used in epidemiological studies, but remain untested for use in networks of spatio-temporal associations. As a result, we argue that developments in the statistical analysis of empirical contact data are critical given the ready availability of dynamic network data from bio-logging studies. Furthermore, we encourage improved integration of statistical network approaches into epidemiological research to facilitate the generation of novel modelling frameworks and help extend our understanding of disease transmission in natural populations.M.J.S. is funded by a NERC standard grant (NE/M004546/1) awarded to R.A.M., D.P.C., D.J.H. and M.B., with the APHA team at Woodchester Park, UK (lead scientist is R.J.D.) as project partners
Author Correction: A detailed map of Higgs boson interactions by the ATLAS experiment ten years after the discovery
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, the ATLAS Collaboration
author names, affiliations and acknowledgements were omitted and
have now been included in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
Temporal changes in Weddell seal dive behavior over winter: are females increasing foraging effort to support gestation?
No full text© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Ecology and Evolution, 8(23), (2018): 11857-11874. doi: 10.1002/ece3.4643.In capital‐breeding marine mammals, prey acquisition during the foraging trip coinciding with gestation must provide energy to meet the immediate needs of the growing fetus and also a store to meet the subsequent demands of lactation. Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) that give birth following the gestational (winter) foraging period gain similar proportions of mass and lipid as compared to females that fail to give birth. Therefore, any changes in foraging behavior can be attributed to gestational costs. To investigate differences in foraging effort associated with successful reproduction, twenty‐three satellite tags were deployed on post‐molt female Weddell seals in the Ross Sea. Of the 20 females that returned to the area the following year, 12 females gave birth and eight did not. Females that gave birth the following year began the winter foraging period with significantly longer and deeper dives, as compared to non‐reproductive seals. Mid‐ to late winter, reproductive females spent a significantly greater proportion of the day diving, and either depressed their diving metabolic rates (DMR), or exceeded their calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL) more frequently than females that returned without a pup. Moreover, non‐reproductive females organized their dives into 2–3 short bouts per day on average (BOUTshort; 7.06 ± 1.29 hr; mean ± 95% CI), whereas reproductive females made 1–2 BOUTshort per day (10.9 ± 2.84 hr), comprising one long daily foraging bout without rest. The magnitude of the increase in dive activity budgets and depression in calculated DMR closely matched the estimated energetic requirements of supporting a fetus. This study is one of the first to identify increases in foraging effort that are associated with successful reproduction in a top predator and indicates that reproductive females must operate closer to their physiological limits to support gestational costs.We are grateful for the help of field team members: Drs. Luis Hückstädt, Linnea Pearson, and Patrick Robinson for sample collection. Group B‐009‐M led by Drs. Robert Garrott, Jay Rotella, and Thierry Chambert provided information regarding animal reproductive status and provided great assistance in locating study animals. Logistical support was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) U.S. Antarctic Program, Raytheon Polar Services, and Lockheed Martin ASC; we thank all the support staff in Christchurch, NZ and McMurdo Station. This research was conducted with support from NSF ANT‐0838892 to D.P.C. and ANT‐0838937 to J.M.B. For J.M.B., this material is based upon work while serving at the National Science Foundation, and M.R.S was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE‐1242789. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Animal handling protocols were approved by the University of Alaska Anchorage and University of California Santa Cruz's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees. Research and sample import to the United States were authorized under the Marine Mammal permit No. 87‐1851‐04 issued by the Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. Research activities were also approved through Antarctic Conservation Act permits while at McMurdo Station
Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textSee paper for full list of authors – 13 pages plus author list + cover pages (30 pages total), 5 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Lett. B, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-06/International audienceA search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, , decaying into a boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, , with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton--proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb. Decays of CP-even bosons to or pairs with the boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as decays with the boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for \sigma (gg\rightarrow A) \times \mbox{BR}(A \rightarrow Zh) \times \mbox{BR}(h \rightarrow f\bar{f}) are 0.098--0.013 pb for and 0.57--0.014 pb for in a range of 220--1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs doublet models
Measurement of dijet production in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering with a leading proton at HERA
No full textThe cross section of diffractive deep-inelastic scattering ep→eXp is measured, where the system X contains at least two jets and the leading final state proton is detected in the H1 Forward Proton Spectrometer. The measurement is performed for fractional proton longitudinal momentum loss x ℙ< 0. 1 and covers the range 0. 1< {pipe}t{pipe}<0. 7 GeV 2 in squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex and 4<Q 2<110 GeV 2 in photon virtuality. The differential cross sections extrapolated to {pipe}t{pipe}<1 GeV 2 are in agreement with next-to-leading order QCD predictions based on diffractive parton distribution functions extracted from measurements of inclusive and dijet cross sections in diffractive deep-inelastic scattering. The data are also compared with leading order Monte Carlo models. © 2012 The Author(s).0SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Measurement of the azimuthal correlation between the most forward jet and the scattered positron in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA
No full textDeep-inelastic positron-proton scattering events at low photon virtuality, Q2, with a forward jet, produced at small angles with respect to the proton beam, are measured with the H1 detector at HERA. A subsample of events with an additional jet in the central region is also studied. For both samples, differential cross sections and normalised distributions are measured as a function of the azimuthal angle difference, Δφ{symbol}, between the forward jet and the scattered positron in bins of the rapidity distance, Y, between them. The data are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo generators based on different evolution approaches as well as to next-to-leading order calculations in order to test the sensitivity to QCD evolution mechanisms. © 2012 The Author(s).0H1 CollaborationSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
