781 research outputs found
Present distribution of the threatened killifish Aphanius fasciatus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae) in the Maltese Islands
No full textA survey of the nine localities from which the threatened Killifish Aphanius fasciatus has been recorded in the Maltese Islands showed that large and thriving populations exist at Salina, at the Simar and Ghadira bird sanctuaries and in reservoirs at Marsa and Ghadira. The Simar and Ghadira populations are introduced and originate from a mixture of animals collected from Salina and Marsa. The provenance of the Marsa population is unknown but it is possibly autochthonous to the Marsa area. The Salina and possibly the Marsa populations seem to be the only remaining natural populations of this species in the Maltese Islands.peer-reviewe
Epidermotropic lesions: A review
No full textEpidermotropism describes the spread of cells of lymphocytic, epithelial melanocytic, neuroendocrine, histiocytic or muscular origin into the epidermis from an underlying dermal or subcutaneous pathology, that may be primary cutaneous or metastatic. In this review, we aim to discuss the differential diagnosis of epidermotropic lesions and highlight the histological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can help in their differentiation. Abbas O, Bhawan J. 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Measurement of the production cross-section of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textMeasurements of the differential production cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons with transverse momenta between 8 and 360 GeV and rapidity in the range |y|<2 are reported. Furthermore, measurements of the non-prompt fractions of J/ψ and ψ(2S), and the prompt and non-prompt ψ(2S)-to-J/ψ production ratios, are presented. The analysis is performed using 140 fb-1 of s=13 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the years 2015–2018
Towards a European Cal/Val service for earth observation
No full textSocietal dependence on, and commercial and scientific exploitation of Earth-Oriented remote sensing from satellites is growing at an exponential rate. The comprehensive EU Copernicus programme provides a major contribution to the global effort, but even so, to achieve the necessary global and temporal coverage requires synergistic cooperation and associated interoperability of the Worlds sensors. For a user to exploit Earth Observation (EO) data there must exist confidence in data characteristics, quality and reliable delivery. Although long-term data records for climate may be the most demanding in nature, generation of analysis-ready operational data sets for applications, as diverse as food security to pollution monitoring, all require the user to have some quantitative level of confidence in the data and derived information. A long-term Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) vision necessitates clear ownership and long-term funding. Delineating the roles of the European Commission (EC), space agencies and member states in long-term Cal/Val would provide clarity. It is clear that the space agencies have the responsibility to meet the mission requirement of their spaceborne instruments but long-term validation is often entrusted to interested parties bringing their own resources to the task. Furthermore, there is a critical need for Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs), acquired in operational mode, and comprehensive in coverage both spatially and temporally, to assure that the satellite product accuracies are met. This paper discusses the current status, gaps and challenges regarding long-term Cal/Val of EO satellites and recommends the creation of a European coordinating entity for satellite product calibration and validation. The proposed entity would be an integrative organization coordinating the European Cal/Val activities in partnership with the member states and the space agencies and working together with existing data providers to secure access to satellite and in-situ data of traceable FRM standards.Atmospheric Remote Sensin
Prescribing by mental health nurses: the UK perspective
No full textPURPOSE. This article aims to discuss the growth of mental health nurse (MHN) prescribing in the United Kingdom as an exemplar for readers to compare progress in their own countries and context. This study also aims to provide a historical overview of this process in the United Kingdom where MHNs prescribe safely and competently.
CONCLUSIONS. Finally, evidence has shown that MHNs with prescriptive authority are competent when prescribing when compared to psychiatrists.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Despite organizational barriers and educational concerns, MHN prescribing is becoming embedded in the healthcare context in the United Kingdo
Molecular basis of gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD
No full textThe origins of respiratory disease, such as asthma in childhood and COPD in later life are unclear. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight is associated with increased risk of asthma, poor lung function in adults and COPD in old age. Exposure to oxidative stress and poor nutrition in utero is thought to cause damage to the lung and alter the normal course of lung development.Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are potent antioxidants. In this work, genetic polymorphisms that alter GST enzyme activity were genotyped in a family-based childhood asthma cohort (341 families, n = 1508) and analysed to investigate whether they alter the risk of developing asthma when individuals are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Real-time PCR based copy number variation methodology was developed to genotype the common gene deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, for other GST genes (GSTP1 and GSTO2) SNP haplotypes were constructed. A rare GSTO2 haplotype was negatively associated with asthma susceptibility, atopy severity, and FEV1 values. Asthmatic children with a GSTT1 gene deletion, or a common GSTP1 haplotype, developed more severe asthma compared to individuals with a GSTT1 gene or non-carriers of the GSTP1 haplotype. Total IgE levels were increased in GSTT1*0 individuals when exposed to tobacco smoke in early life, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. GSTO2 may be a shared susceptibility locus for asthma in childhood and COPD in later life.Animal models of maternal protein-restriction during pregnancy can induce hypertension, diabetes and endothelial dysfunction in offspring and in some of these models alterations to lung gene expression and lung architecture have been reported. This work established that a rat model of maternal dietary protein-restriction during pregnancy known to induce hypertension in the offspring, results in persistent alterations to the expression of genes in the lungs of adult offspring (120 days), including genes involved in glucocorticoid action (Hsd11b2), growth (Igf1 & 2 and Pcdh1) and alveolar development (Tp53). Lung microRNA expression profiles were also altered in response to exposure to protein restriction in utero. These findings suggest a role for nutritional programming in respiratory disease susceptibility in later life and a role for microRNAs in the study of the developmental origins of health and disease in general. Further work will include the investigation of epigenetic mechanisms that control nutritional programming in lungs of animals exposed to protein-restriction in utero.This work has demonstrated that GST polymorphism is a risk factor for childhood asthma and certain genotypes can offer some protection against the development of severe asthma. There was little evidence to suggest that GST polymorphism modulates the effects of smoke exposure in early life. In addition, we have demonstrated that maternal diets that are poor in nutrition could predispose her offspring to respiratory disease in later life by altering the course of normal lung development in early life or response to environmental stimuli in later life
Measurement of the production cross-section of J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textMeasurements of the differential production cross-sections of prompt and non-prompt J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons with transverse momenta between 8 and 360 GeV and rapidity in the range |y|<2 are reported. Furthermore, measurements of the non-prompt fractions of J/ψ and ψ(2S), and the prompt and non-prompt ψ(2S)-to-J/ψ production ratios, are presented. The analysis is performed using 140 fb-1 of √s = 13 TeV pp collision data recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC during the years 2015–2018
A study of the acid lability and acute toxicity of dimethoxymethane in rats
No full textThe pH stability and acute oral toxicity of dimethoxymethane (DMM) in rats were studied, In in vitro studies, DMM was found to be stable in artificial gastric juice at pH 2.5 and above but readily hydrolyzed at pH2 and below, with 1 mole of DMM producing approximately 1 mole of formaldehyde and 2 moles of methanol. DMM incubated in sealed, excised stomachs appeared to equilibrate with the external incubation fluid over a 24-hour period without significant hydrolysis, In the toxicity study, three groups of female rats (n = 5) were administered, by gavage, phosphate-buffered saline (control), DMM (31 mmoles/kg body weight [bw]/day), or methanol (MeOH) (30 mmoles/kg bw/day), respectively, for 3 consecutive days and then sacrificed on day 5, Transient ataxia lasting about 30 minutes was observed in animals following DMM administration, increased urine volume was observed in the DMM group at the end of days 4 and 5, Markedly elevated level of formic acid was present in the urine of the MeOH group at days 1, 2, and 3, but not in the DMM group, Urinary ascorbic acid levels were increased In the DMM group on days 1, 2 and 3, and returned to baseline level at days 4 and 5, Microscopic examination detected no abnormal histological changes in the liver and kidneys of MeOH- or DMM-treated animals, No treatment effects were observed on the following endpoints: organ weights (liver, heart, thymus, kidneys), serum corticosterone, serum chemistry profile, hematology, hepatic phase 1 and phase 2 mixed-function oxidase activities, hepatic and serum thiobarbituric acid, hepatic glutathione, urinary protein, and urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, These observations suggested that hydrolysis of DMM in the stomach required a gastric acidity below pH 2,5, At higher DW, intact DMM readily penetrated the stomach and therefore likely reached the circulation and other body tissues. There was no significant hydrolysis of orally administered DMM, and the acute effects were limited to transient ataxia and biochemical responses in the liver.PT: J; CR: *ACGIH, THRESH VAL TLVS CHEM *CCAC, 1993, GUID CAR US EXP AN *HSDB, 1998, HSDB *IARC, 1995, IARC MON EV CARC RIS, V62, P217 *US EPA, 1998, CHEM HAZ DAT AV STUD *USP, 1995, US PHARM, V23 BENINI L, 1995, GUT, V36, P825 BURCHELL B, 1981, METHOD ENZYMOL, V77, P169 BURKE MD, 1985, BIOCHEM PHARMACOL, V34, P3337 CHIVERTON SG, 1989, ALIMENT PHARM THERAP, V3, P403 CHU I, 1992, ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOU, V10, P17 DODGE L, 1994, NTIDDE94006949 GARGAS ML, 1989, TOXICOL APPL PHARM, V98, P87 GRADY S, 1986, J ANAL TOXICOL, V10, P1 HABIG WH, 1974, J BIOL CHEM, V249, P7130 JONES AW, 1993, CLIN CHEM, V39, P1837 KAO CH, 1998, J NUCL MED, V39, P1798 KONTUREK JW, 1993, SCAND J GASTROENTERO, V28, P401 LUBET RA, 1985, MUTAT RES, V142, P127 MAHE S, 1995, GASTROEN CLIN BIOL, V19, P20 MARICQ MM, 1998, 216 AM CHEM SOC NAT, V43, P578 MCLAUCHLAN G, 1989, GUT, V30, P573 MCMARTIN KE, 1980, AM J MED, V68, P414 POON R, 1992, P 4 ANN M INT SOC ST, P146 POON R, 1994, J BIOCHEM TOXICOL, V9, P297 POON R, 1995, INHAL TOXICOL, V7, P1195 ROGERS JM, 1993, TERATOLOGY, V47, P175 SAKANASHI TM, 1996, TERATOLOGY, V54, P198 SCHENKMAN JB, 1967, MOL PHARMACOL, V3, P113 TOMILINA LA, 1984, GIG TR PROF ZABOL, V6, P27 VANHERCK H, 1991, LAB ANIM, V25, P325 VINET B, 1987, CLIN CHEM, V33, P2204 YAGI K, 1982, LIPID PEROXIDE BIOL, P232; NR: 33; TC: 4; J9: INT J TOXICOL; PG: 7; GA: 331DTSource type: Electronic(1
Measurement of differential production cross-sections and forward-backward ratio in p+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
No full textSee paper for full list of authors - 13 pages plus author list + cover pages (26 pages total), 8 figures, 8 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. C. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2013-07/International audienceMeasurements of differential cross-sections for production in p+Pb collisions at = 5.02 TeV at the LHC with the ATLAS detector are presented. The data set used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 28.1 nb. The mesons are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel over the transverse momentum range GeV and over the center-of-mass rapidity range . Prompt are separated from resulting from -hadron decays through an analysis of the distance between the decay vertex and the event primary vertex. The differential cross-section for production of nonprompt is compared to a FONLL calculation that does not include nuclear effects. Forward-backward production ratios are presented and compared to theoretical predictions. These results constrain the kinematic dependence of nuclear modifications of charmonium and -quark production in p+Pb collisions
Ultra-high system detection efficiency superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum photonics and life sciences
No full textUltra-high system detection efficiency (SDE) s uperconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are demonstrated for a broad range of wavelengths, from UV to mid-infrared, opening novel possibilities in the fields of quantum photonics, neuroimaging and astronomy.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.ImPhys/OpticsQN/Groeblacher LabQN/Quantum Nanoscienc
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