633 research outputs found
Pascal: o cartesiano crítico de Descartes
No full textThe interpretations regarding the relationship between Blaise Pascal and Descartes Renné usually be between two extremes. Sometimes, the author of Thoughts is interpreted as a sort of Cartesian indecisive, unable to separate his religious discourse of the scientific and philosophical investigations. Other times, Pascal is stereotyped as a kind of anti-Cartesian obdurate, an apologist whose faith cannot avoid rationalism. This seeks to avoid these two understandings, trying to find a Pascal was Cartesian to some extent, but at the same time critical of Descartes, without, however, such criticism justifies the accusation of irrationalism.As interpretações referentes ao relacionamento entre Blaise Pascal e Renné Descartes costumam situar-se entre dois extremos. Algumas vezes, o autor dos Pensamentos é interpretado como uma espécie de cartesiano indeciso, incapaz de separar o seu discurso religioso das investigações científicas e filosóficas. Outras vezes, Pascal é estereotipado como uma espécie de anti-cartesiano empedernido, um apologista cuja fé não pode evitar o racionalismo. O presente busca evitar estas duas compreensões, tentando encontrar um Pascal que foi cartesiano em certa medida, mas, ao mesmo tempo, crítico de Descartes, sem que, contudo, tal crítica justifique a acusação de irracionalismo
FERNANDO PESSOA READER OF PASCAL AND THE PROJECT OF THE BOOK OF DISQUIET
No full textO presente artigo visa explorar as relações entre Pascal e Pessoa tendo por base o impacto da obra do autor francês tanto na estruturação quanto nas temáticas presentes ao longo do projeto do Livro do Desassossego. Com efeito, na Biblioteca Particular de Pessoa encontramos livros de e sobre Pascal que se encontram sublinhados e anotados pelo autor português e nos possibilitam certificar o interesse de Pessoa pelo pensamento pascaliano. Para além disso, o espólio de Pessoa oferece-nos um conjunto de fragmentos que nos permitem elucidar até que ponto a leitura da obra de Pascal viria a ser importante para a elaboração dos fragmentos do Livro do Desassossego. Assim, tendo por base a análise da presença do nome e do pensamento de Pascal em fragmentos do espólio de Pessoa, o presente artigo explicita qual o papel da leitura pessoana de Pascal na elaboração do projeto do Livro do DesassossegoThis article aims to explore the relations between Pascal and Pessoa based on the impact of the work of the French author both in the structure and the themes present throughout the Book of Disquiet. Indeed, in the Pessoa’s Private Library one finds books of and about Pascal that are underlined and bear notes by the Portuguese author, which enable us to certify Pessoa’s interest in Pascal’s thought. In addition, Pessoa’s Archive offers us a set of fragments that allow us to elucidate the extent to which the reading of Pascal’s work would be important for the elaboration of fragments of the Book of Disquiet. Thus, based on the analysis of the presence of Pascal’s name and thought in fragments of Pessoa’s Archive, this article explains the role of Pessoa’s reading of Pascal in the preparation of the Book of Disquiet. 
Pascal, Rousseau e Kant: variações do pensamento dualista moderno
No full textBlaise Pascal\u27s significant legacy to the French Enlightenment is well known. Voltaire dedicates the 25th of his Philosophical Letters to him; Diderot mentions him indirectly, but unequivocally, in the title of his first speculative writing, Philosophical Thoughts (1745). In Rousseau\u27s case, the controversy with the Archbishop of Beaumont exposes what separates him from Jansenism - but also what links him to Pascal, namely the use of dualistic categories such as nature and history, principle and process, being and ought to be. In turn, Rousseau was taken by Kant as the "Newton of morality" as early as the 1760s. In this article, I intend to examine whether there are conceptual elements common to Pascal, Rousseau and Kant around the dual conception they adopt to characterize the human condition and its relationship with praxis.Sabe-se do legado significativo de Blaise Pascal para as Luzes francesas. Voltaire lhe dedica a 25ª das Cartas filosóficas; Diderot lhe faz menção indireta, mas inequívoca, no título de seu primeiro escrito especulativo, os Pensamentos filosóficos (1745). No caso de Rousseau, a polêmica com o arcebispo de Beaumont expõe o que o separa do jansenismo – mas também o que o liga a Pascal, a saber: o emprego de categorias dualistas taus como natureza e história, princípio e processo, ser e dever ser. Por sua vez, Rousseau foi tomado por Kant como o “Newton da moral” já nos anos de 1760. Pretendo, nesse artigo, examinar se não há elementos conceituais comuns a Pascal, Rousseau e Kant, em torno da concepção dual que adotam para caracterizar a condição humana e sua relação com a práxis
Making Government Accountable: Lessons from a Federal Job Training Program
No full textWe describe the evolution of a performance measurement system in a government job-training program. In this program, a federal agency establishes performance measures and standards for sub-state agencies. We show that the performance measurement system’s evolution is at least partly explained as a process of trial-and-error, characterized by a feedback loop: the federal agency establishes performance measures, the local managers learn how to game them, the federal agency learns about gaming and reformulates the performance measures, leading to possibly new gaming, and so on. The dynamics suggest that implementing a performance measurement system in government is not a one-time challenge but benefits from careful monitoring and perhaps frequent revision.performance measurement, performance incentives, government organisation, organisational dynamic
Measurement of the D+/- production asymmetry in 7 TeV pp collisions
No full textThe asymmetry in the production cross-section \sigma of D+/- mesons, A_P = (\sigma(D+) - \sigma(D-))/(\sigma(D+) + \sigma(D-)), is measured in bins of pseudorapidity \eta and transverse momentum p_T within the acceptance of the LHCb detector. The result is obtained with a sample of D+ -> K_S pi+ decays corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb^-1, collected in pp collisions at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. When integrated over the kinematic range 2.0 K_S pi+ decay is negligible. No significant dependence on \eta or p_T is observed
Niche evolution in relation to diversification in tanagers, the largest radiation of songbirds in the Neotropics
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 49-59).Increasing availability of species occurrence data, coupled with sophistication of niche modeling techniques, has made it possible to quantify species ecological niches based on large-scale environmental data for the first time. Using these data in conjunction with emerging, large-scale phylogenies of widespread groups has made it possible to address broad questions regarding the interplay between ecology and evolution. Tanagers are an ideal group for the study of the evolution of ecological niches. They are the largest group of Neotropical songbirds and are found in nearly all habitats across Central and South America. Thanks to the recent inference of a well-supported species-level phylogeny for the group, questions regarding their extensive ecological diversity can now be addressed appropriately in a phylogenetic framework. Specifically, questions regarding species climatic niches can be framed in an evolutionary context to examine the role of ecology in diversification. My first objective was to test whether differences in species numbers in the major clades of tanagers could be explained by differences in niche evolutionary rate among these major clades. This was accomplished by testing for correlations between rates of lineage diversification and rates of climatic niche evolution. I first tested whether or not constant-rate diversification was an appropriate descriptor of tanager lineage accumulation. As I found that tanagers are better described by density-dependent models of diversification, I used species richness and the carrying capacity K as descriptors of lineage diversity, as traditional measures of net diversification were not appropriate. I found that rates of niche evolution are correlated with K, which indicates that differences in species numbers can be explained by rates of niche evolution and thus niche evolution may be driving diversification in tanagers. I also found that tanagers with greater rates of niche evolution occupy greater environmental volume. My second objective was to examine niche evolution at a finer scale by examining niche characteristics among sister species pairs. There has been debate in the scientific literature in recent years regarding the role of ecology in speciation, and whether sister species should be expected to have similar or different niches. To address this, I took multiple approaches at several phylogenetic depths to examine niche evolution in tanagers. I measured niche overlap for 55 sister species pairs and found niche similarity to be low, implying niche divergence among sister species. I also calculated relative disparity through time and found that tanagers had partitioned available niche space early in evolutionary time, and that niche evolution eventually shifted toward convergence closer to the present. There was also significant variation in niche evolution dynamics across tanager subfamilies. The findings of my second chapter support the findings of my first chapter, in that both sets of results support the hypothesis that niche evolution might drive diversification in tanagers, and both suggest an important role for ecology in speciation in tanager
Measurement of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in B0 -> J/ψ KS0 decays
No full textThis Letter reports a measurement of the CP violation observables SJ/ψK0S and CJ/ψK0S in the decay channel B0→J/ψK0S performed with 1.0 fb−1 of pp collisions at s√=7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment. The fit to the data yields SJ/ψK0S=0.73±0.07(stat)±0.04(syst) and CJ/ψK0S=0.03±0.09(stat)±0.01(syst). Both values are consistent with the current world averages and within
expectations from the Standard Model
¿Montaigne escéptico? La influencia de Pascal en nuestra comprensión de Los ensayos
No full textMichel de Montaigne, the renowned author of The Essays, has been interpreted as a skeptic, and, more specifically, as a defender of skeptical fideism. This reading has its main origin in B. Pascal\u27s interpretation. The article reexamines the questions of both fideism and skepticism in The Essays, and concludes that Pascal\u27s enduring interpretation might be based on an involuntary or deliberate “deviation”, which, in any case, has been creative and fruitful.Michel de Montaigne, el reconocido autor de Los ensayos, ha sido interpretado como un escéptico y, más en concreto, como un defensor del fideísmo escéptico; lectura que tiene su origen principal en la interpretación de B. Pascal. El artículo pretende reexaminar tanto la cuestión del fideísmo como la del escepticismo presente en Los ensayos, para concluir que quizá la interpretación de Pascal, que todavía perdura, se basa en un “desvío” involuntario o intencionado, pero en todo caso creativo y fértil
Epistemological limits of the apologetics of Blaise Pascal
No full textOs fragmentos que compõem a obra que, hoje, conhecemos como Pensées, são notas preparatórias de uma apologia da religião cristã que Blaise Pascal pretendia escrever. Ao nos debruçarmos sobre as anotações do filósofo francês, chama-nos a atenção o fato de o autor, em nenhum momento, propor qualquer demonstração metafísica da existência de Deus ou mesmo pretender provar, de modo inquestionável, algum dos dogmas católicos. A total ausência de demonstrações que se pretendam perfeitamente probantes explica-se, a nosso ver, pelo fato de Blaise Pascal ser um filósofo cético, ou seja, pelo fato de Pascal não crer que a razão humana é um instrumento capaz de apreender a Verdade. Assim, trata-se, aqui, de, primeiramente, estipular a plausibilidade da hipótese de leitura segundo a qual Pascal pode, com justiça, ser considerado um pensador cético. Isto feito, tratar-se-á de analisar os motivos que levaram nosso filósofo a não se utilizar de nenhuma das tradicionais provas da existência de Deus e a não considerar como plenamente probantes os raciocínios por ele elaborados em prol da religião cristã fatos que caracterizamos como limites epistemológicos da apologética de Blaise Pascal.The fragments that compose the book that today we know as Pensées are preparatory notes of an apologetics of the Christian religion that Blaise Pascal intended to write. When examining the annotations on the French philosopher, our attention is attracted by the fact that the author never proposes any metaphysical demonstration of God\'s existence, neither intends to prove, unquestionably, some of the Catholic dogmas. The total absence of demonstrations presented as definitive is explained, in our point of view, by the fact that Blaise Pascal is a skeptical philosopher, ie, because Pascal does not believe that human reason is an instrument capable of grasping the Truth. Thus, it is here to, first, establish the plausibility of the hypothesis of the interpretation according to which Pascal may justly be regarded as a skeptical thinker. This done, well analyze the reasons why our philosopher did not use any of the traditional proofs of God\'s existence and did not consider as fully demonstrative the reasonings he elaborated himself in favor of the Christian religion - facts that we consider as epistemological limits of the apologetics of Blaise Pascal
First observation of Bs → J/ψf0(980) decays
No full textUsing data collected with the LHCb detector in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the hadronic decay is observed. This CP eigenstate mode could be used to measure mixing-induced CP violation in the system. Using a fit to the π+π− mass spectrum with interfering resonances gives . In the interval ±90 MeV around 980 MeV, corresponding to approximately two full f0 widths we also find , where in both cases the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively
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