15 research outputs found
Fission yields and cross sections: correlated or not?
No full textCross sections and fission yields can be correlated, depending on the selection of integral experimental data. To support this statement, this work presents the use of experimental isotopic compositions (both for actinides and fission products) from a sample irradiated in a reactor, to construct correlations between various cross sections and fission yields. This study is therefore complementing previous analysis demonstrating that different types of nuclear data can be correlated, based on experimental integral data
Note on the potential to increase the accuracy of source term calculations for spent nuclear fuel
No full textThe accuracy of source term predictions is an important factor which determines the efficiency of interim and final storage of spent nuclear fuel. To minimize the number of storage containers and to minimize the volume and mass of facilities while maintaining safety margins requires accurate codes to predict the decay heat and the gamma and neutron sources with minimum bias for time points ranging from months to thousands of years. While the relevant nuclear data for the purpose of criticality safety received high attention in the last decades and have been extensively verified with dedicated tests, nuclear data relevant for spent nuclear fuel had smaller priority. Mostly results from a radiochemical analysis of samples taken from commercially irradiated fuel have been used for validation purposes. The comparatively sparse data available from tests which exclusively focus on nuclide vector validation under research conditions means that many factors enter the uncertainty estimate of the measurement-theory comparisons and limits the ability to validate codes to a high accuracy. Firstly, the current status of validation efforts is reviewed. Secondly, fields of improvement are explored. Thirdly, the character of uncertainty distributions in measurement-theory comparisons (C/E) of nuclide vectors is analyzed. Currently there are indications that the C/E data is thick tailed which limits improvement of code validation efforts.JRC.G.II.5 - Nuclear Data and Measurement Standard
Les malheurs de la Sophia: sagesse et humour chez Alexandre Kojève
No full textInternational audienceIn his interview with Edmond Ortigues, Kojève stresses the fact that his Introduction to the Reading of Hegel was published by a “humorist” Raymond Queneau. Further, Queneau summarized the Phenomenology of Spirit in his humoristic novel Zazie dans le métro which happens to be a novel on wisdom, as Kojève insists in the interview. The article aims at investigating this rather unexpected component of Kojève’s thinking, namely his defamiliarizing attitude to the concept of wisdom by the use of explicit (quotes from the Russian fictional satiric author Kozma Prutkov or allusion to the children’s book Les Malheurs de Sophie written by Sophie Rostopchine, Countess of Ségur) or implicit humoristic references.On connaît l'importance de la figure du Sage pour Kojève. Le Sage apparaît à la fin de l'Histoire et incarne le Savoir absolu, dans l'État universel et homogène. Le Sage «vit et agit; mais il ne vit que par la science, et il n'agit que pour la Science» (Kojève 1947: 326), de sorte que cette figure prend les dimensions surhumaines du suprême Savant de Rimbaud, qui le décrit dans sa célèbre Lettre du voyant (lettre à Georges Izambard du 13 mai 1871).Il est facile d'imaginer ce Sage des derniers temps en maniaque du savoir, toujours concentré, sérieux, satisfait de sa supériorité intellectuelle. Georges Bataille s'est insurgé contre cette autosatisfaction dans une lettre du 8 avril 1952, écrite en réaction à l'article de Kojève consacré aux romans de Raymond Queneau:Seulement vous allez peut-être vite, ne vous embarrassant nullement d'aboutir à une sagesse ridicule: il faudrait en effet représenter ce qui fait coïncider la sagesse avec l'objet du rire. Or je ne crois pas que vous puissiez personnellement éviter ce problème dernier. Je ne vous ai jamais rien entendu dire, en effet, qui ne soit expressément et volontairement comique, au moment d'arriver à ce point de résolution (Bataille 1997: 443).</p
Direito, saber e decisão: uma análise da teoria de Ronald Dworkin a partir da dogmática jurídica
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Jurídicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Florianópolis, 2014.O presente trabalho analisa a teoria jurídica de Ronald Dworkin a partir dos aspectos epistemológicos e funcionais da dogmática jurídica enquanto modelo paradigmático do direito no Brasil. Questiona-se em que medida a obra desse autor possibilita um deslocamento do direito brasileiro no sentido de constituir limites ao poder de decisão dos juízes. Em divergência à ideia comum que concebe a teoria da integridade uma superação da discricionariedade do intérprete na aplicação do direito, aponta para as especificidades de sua leitura no contexto jurídico brasileiro. Por um lado, se os princípios estimulam a produção de raciocínios complexos desvinculados na mera vontade do jurista, por outro, o apelo à moralidade da comunidade política em países de modernidade periférica, com uma esfera pública marcada pelo dissenso, não fundamenta limites epistemológicos substanciais a esse poder de decisão. Sem deixar de reconhecer a relevância da teoria da interpretação dworkiana no âmbito da metodologia da teoria do direito, a pesquisa ressalta que, na esfera de alusão de seus enunciados, funda-se a ideia de que o judiciário consiste em um espaço privilegiado de decisão pública. Dessa forma, a leitura moral do direito constitui uma confiança no juiz enquanto Autoridade legitimada a exercer a força em nome do direito a despeito de quaisquer limites éticos, submetendo qualquer dimensão da vida à opinião dos juristas. Nesse sentido, a leitura da obra de Ronald Dworkin no contexto brasileiro, em detrimento das categorias clássicas da dogmática jurídica baseadas no direito legislado, legitima um estado de indiscernibilidade entre regra e exceção. Conclui-se, assim, que o esvaziamento da aparente consistência do discurso mito-ideo-lógico do juiz Hércules possibilita ? ao tornar presente os limites inerentes à condição humana - invocar nos sujeitos de determinada ordem jurídica uma noção de responsabilidade.Abstract : This dissertation analyzes the Ronald Dworkin?s jurisprudence from epistemological and functional aspects of juridical dogmatic asparadigmatic model of law in Brazil, questioning if the work of this author enables the shifting of Brazilian law in order to establish limits on the power of judges' decision. In disagreement to the common idea that conceives the theory of integrity overrun the discretion of the interpreter of the law, the work points to the specifities of the reading of that theory in brazilian legal context. If in one hand, the principles estimulate the production of complex reasoning unbounded from mere will of the jurist, in another hand, the appeal to the morality of the political community in countries of peripheral modernity, marked by dissent in the public sphere, did not support substantial epistemological limits to that discretion. While acknowledging the relevance of Dworkin?s theory interpretation to the methodology of jurisprudence, the research highlights also the idea that the judiciary is understood as a privileged area of public decision. Thus, the moral reading of the law trusts the judge as legitimate authority to exercise the power on behalf of the law, despite any ethical limits, subjecting any dimension of life to the opinion of jurists. In this sense, Dwokin's reading in the Brazilian context, instead of the classical categories juridical dogmatic, legitimizes a state of indiscernibility between rule and exception. Finally, the work concludes that the deflation of the apparent consistency of the myth-ideo-logical of the judge Hercules enables - while it express the limits of the human condition ? invoke a sense of responsibility for the subjects
Correction to: Prostate Volume Prediction on MRI: Tools, Accuracy and Variability
No full textCorrection about the name of the author Raphaële Renard-PennaInternational audienceA reliable estimation of prostate volume (PV) is essential to prostate cancer management. The objective of our multi-rater study was to compare intra- and inter-rater variability of PV from manual planimetry and ellipsoid formulas
On the estimation of nuclide inventory and decay heat: a review from the EURAD European project
No full textIn this work, a study dedicated to the characterization of the neutronics aspect of the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF), as part of the European project EURAD (Work Package 8), is presented. Both measured nuclide concentrations from Post Irradiation Examination samples and decay heat from calorimetric measurements are compared to simulations performed by different partners of the project. Based on these detailed studies and data from the published literature, recommendations are proposed with respect to best practices for SNF modelling, as well as biases and uncertainties for a number of important nuclides and the SNF decay heat for a cooling period from 1 to 1000 years. Finally, specific needs are presented for the improvement of current code prediction capabilities
A scaling-relation for disc galaxies: circular-velocity gradient versus central surface brightness
No full textFor disc galaxies, a close relation exists between the distribution of light and the
shape of the rotation curve. We quantify this relation by measuring the inner circular-
velocity gradient dRV (0) for spiral and irregular galaxies with high-quality rotation
curves. We find that dRV (0) correlates with the central surface brightness μ0 over
more than two orders of magnitude in dRV (0) and four orders of magnitudes in μ0.
This is a scaling-relation for disc galaxies. It shows that the central stellar density of a
galaxy closely relates to the inner shape of the potential well, also for low-luminosity
and low-surface-brightness galaxies that are expected to be dominated by dark matter.
Key words: dark matter – galaxies: kinematics and dynamics – galaxies: structure
nipy/nibabel: 2.4.0
No full text<p>New feature release for the 2.4.x series.</p>
<p>Most work on NiBabel so far has been by Matthew Brett (MB), Chris Markiewicz (CM), Michael Hanke (MH), Marc-Alexandre Côté (MC), Ben Cipollini (BC), Paul McCarthy (PM), Chris Cheng (CC), Yaroslav Halchenko (YOH), Satra Ghosh (SG), Eric Larson (EL), Demien Wasserman, and Stephan Gerhard.</p>
2.4.0 (Monday 1 April 2019)
New features
<ul>
<li>Alternative <code>Axis</code>-based interface for manipulating CIFTI-2 headers (#641) (Michiel Cottaar, reviewed by Demien Wasserman, CM, SG)</li>
</ul>
Enhancements
<ul>
<li>Accept TCK files produced by tools with other delimiter/EOF defaults (#720) (Soichi Hayashi, reviewed by CM, MB, MC)</li>
<li>Allow BrainModels or Parcels to contain a single vertex in CIFTI (#739) (Michiel Cottaar, reviewed by CM)</li>
<li>Support for <code>NIFTI_XFORM_TEMPLATE_OTHER</code> xform code (#743) (CM)</li>
</ul>
Bug fixes
<ul>
<li>Skip refcheck in ArraySequence construction/extension (#719) (Ariel Rokem, reviewed by CM, MC)</li>
<li>Use safe resizing for ArraySequence extension (#724) (CM, reviewed by MC)</li>
<li>Fix typo in error message (#726) (Jon Haitz Legarreta Gorroño, reviewed by CM)</li>
<li>Support DICOM slice sorting in Python 3 (#728) (Samir Reddigari, reviewed by CM)</li>
<li>Correctly reorient dim_info when reorienting NIfTI images (#744) (Konstantinos Raktivan, CM, reviewed by CM)</li>
</ul>
Maintenance
<ul>
<li>Import updates to reduce upstream deprecation warnings (#711, #705, #738) (EL, YOH, reviewed by CM)</li>
<li>Delay import of <code>nibabel.testing</code>, <code>nose</code> and <code>mock</code> to speed up import (#699) (CM)</li>
<li>Increase coverage testing, drop coveralls (#722, #732) (CM)</li>
<li>Add Zenodo metadata, sorted by commits (#732) (CM + others)</li>
<li>Update author listing and copyrights (#742) (MB, reviewed by CM)</li>
</ul>
IAKOB GOGEBASHVILI’S “TBILISI AND SIONI TEMPLE” AND LITERARY ECHOES IN GEORGIAN EMIGRANT POETRY
No full textIt is an individual will of each person to see the events or the sights of
the city from his perspective.
Tbilisi – which the conceived poet sees;
Tbilisi – which is remembered and painted by an admired poet;
Tbilisi – looking for possible ways of survival
Tbilisi – where the description of fought battles or clashes is considered
as a civic duty.
Tbilisi – the capital city... the capital... the defeated city... Only “your”
city.
Society admits the existence of a number of points of view. For him
it is not just the name of a particular city; it is one whole, one expressing
power or will. It will fall and the value will change as well. Symbolically,
he expresses the unity of these people not only in war, but also in those
poems where not a single line from the legend is bent, but almost (!) It overcomes all the centuries in the same way: with heroes, enemies, with
the knowledge that not only the people of Tbilisi, but Georgia in general
have.
In the Georgian consciousness, there is still Tbilisi of Vakhtang VI,
Tbilisi of the Chavchavadzes and Orbelians, Tbilisi of Galaktioni or even
Tbilisi of Grishashvili, Tbilisi of the Blues or Futurists, later Tbilisi of Lado
Asatiani, and now Tbilisi missed by the emigrants.
Indeed, it is not considered on this scale, but I would like to present
one letter from Iakob Gogebashvili. More precisely, this is one chapter from
a series of letters: “Private discussion. Eastern Georgia... Kartli”. “Tbilisi and
Sioni Cathedral”, as I mentioned, does not include the above-mentioned
perspective, its general title is: “Ethnographic works. Georgia and its parts”.
Iakob Gogebashvili – the greatest teacher, writer of stories for children
or adults, observed author of historical prose texts, ethnographic essays.
He knows well what to focus the reader’s attention on and what detail to
observe.
Iakob Gogebashvili’s “Tbilisi and Sioni Temple”. This city is important in
Kartli and this temple is unique in this city. For him, Tbilisi is “the capital of
the whole Caucasus”; talks about the years of long existence: from the time
of Vakhtang Gorgasali to his modern era. As it indicates, there were 250
thousand inhabitants at that time, including 70 thousand Georgians. The
Persians, Arabs, Mongols, Ottomans, and others, list the incoming enemies
in this order. Just list and say nothing more. The names of the various
invaders already speak for themselves and at the same time imply the
number of invaders invaded. Christianity and homeland were inseparable
concepts for the main population of this city. However, people of other
faiths did not spare their lives either. The writer gives a detailed overview of
the location of the city, which in his opinion is “completely unsuitable”; he
talks about the climate, schools, names a number of churches; Mtatsminda
does not stand out. And here he will name two “glorious patriots” Dimitri
Kipiani and Ilia Chavchavadze, as well as Alexandre Chavchavadze’s sonin-
law, Griboedov. But it will only dwell on the signifi cance of the Temple
of Sioni. The specifi c location, building materials, yard and surroundings
are described with amazing accuracy. This ethnographic description is
important in many ways in the future and Iakob Gogebashvili knows this well. Self-infl icted temptation (demolition of the dome), a number of
precious divine objects preserved there, but the most important – the cross
of the vine. Detailed description, measurement, its history... You read this
small essay and a big story is created in your mind.
Faith and national symbol – this was the main reason for Georgian
historical emigration. St. Nino, the Cross of the Vine – this time I will only
talk about it. Immigrants have lost the country (physically) but have not
lost faith and a strong sense of genetic, cultural heritage. The Georgian
Orthodox Church in Paris will be named after St. Nino. Archimandrite
Grigol Peradze published a magazine in the 1930s, which he called “Jvari
Vazisa”. Texts written by immigrants account for how the composition
is constructed, what is given priority in this or that particular case:
geographical reference, emphasis on the “preference” of a small country, or
fi nding a context understandable to Europeans. In the article, we will talk
about the literary texts and letters of Grigol Robakidze, the poetic works by
Simon Berezhiani and Giorgi Kipiani published in Berlin and France. These
works are signifi cant not only in terms of emigrants but also in terms of
national literature research
Human colonic organoids for understanding early events of familial adenomatous polyposis pathogenesis
No full textInternational audiencePatients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) harbor mutations in the APC gene and will develop adenoma and early colorectal cancer. There is no validated treatment, and animal models are not sufficient to study FAP. Our aim was to investigate the early events associated with FAP using the intestinal organoid model in a single‐center study using biopsies from nonadenomatous and adenomatous colonic mucosa of FAP patients and from healthy controls (HCs). We analyzed intestinal stem cell (ISC) activity and regulation through organoid development and expression of mRNA and proteins, as well as within colonic crypts. We used several compounds to regulate the signaling pathways controlling ISCs, such as WNT, EGFR, PI3K‐AKT, TGF‐β, yes‐associated protein (YAP), and protease‐activated receptors. In addition to their high proliferative capacity, nonadenomatous and adenomatous organoids were characterized by cysts and cysts with buds, respectively, suggesting abnormal maturation. Adenomatous organoids were enriched in the stem cell marker LGR5 and dependent on EGF and TGF‐β for their growth. Downstream of EGFR, AKT, β‐catenin, and YAP were found to be activated in the adenomatous organoids. While the p110β isoform of PI3K was predominant in adenomatous organoids and essential for their growth, p110α was associated with the immature state of nonadenomatous organoids. We conclude that organoids offer a relevant model for studying FAP, and this work highlights abnormal behaviors of immature cells in both nonadenomatous and adenomatous mucosa of FAP patients, which could be targeted therapeutically. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
