51 research outputs found
2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
No full textIsaac Macwan (with Shrinivas Bhosale, Ashish Aphale, Miad Faezipour, Priya Bhosale, and Prabir Patra) is a contributing author Computer Assisted Detection of Liver Neoplasm (CADLN), pp.1510-1513
Meningeal abnormalities: a radiologist's guide to comprehensive imaging and differential diagnosis
No full textMeningeal abnormalities encompass a wide spectrum of pathological conditions affecting the protective layers of the central nervous system the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. These abnormalities may arise from infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, traumatic, or post-surgical origins and often present with non-specific clinical symptoms such as headache, seizures, or altered mental status. As such, neuroimaging plays a pivotal role in their evaluation, providing critical information for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This article serves as a comprehensive guide for radiologists, offering a structured approach to the imaging and differential diagnosis of meningeal diseases. It begins with a review of the normal meningeal anatomy, including recent discoveries about the glymphatic system and the fourth meningeal layer, and proceeds to detail the utility of key imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), in assessing meningeal pathology. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing between pachymeningeal and leptomeningeal involvement based on enhancement patterns, as well as identifying hallmark imaging signs such as dural thickening, nodular lesions, and enhancement distribution. Common and rare disease entities including meningitis, meningioma, dural metastases, neurosarcoidosis, and carcinomatous meningitis are explored through detailed imaging features and differential considerations. The article also highlights advanced techniques including contrast-enhanced 3D FLAIR, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in meningeal evaluation. Through illustrative case examples and a systematic diagnostic framework based on current evidence, this guide aims to enhance radiologists' diagnostic accuracy and clinical confidence, ultimately contributing to more timely and informed management of patients with meningeal abnormalities
Food security in India
No full text"This thesis examines the role of social safety nets in providing food security and income stability in developing economies. The first two chapters study the effectiveness of one of the world's largest safety net program - India's Public Distribution System (PDS). The first chapter examines the impact of the program on the labor market. The second analyzes the effect of the program on food security. The third chapter asks whether households fully smooth consumption in the face of fluctuations in income.
In the first chapter (co-authored with Kathy Baylis and Ben Crost), we examine the effect of the PDS program on labor supply and wages. Our empirical analysis exploits changes in the generosity of this in-kind transfer brought about by India's National Food Security Act in 2013. Using detailed data on transfer eligibility, labor supply and wages, we find that larger transfers led to lower labor supply and higher wages, and that these effects particularly benefited the poor. The wage increases from the recent expansion account for 30% of the total welfare gains for the poorest quintile. Further, the effect on labor supply and wages is particularly strong in years with bad productivity shocks. Our results suggest that social transfers can have an additional poverty-reducing effect through the wage channel, and can play an important role in preventing the vicious cycle of low wages and high labor supply that afflicts poor households in bad years.
In the second chapter (co-authored with Kathy Baylis, Ben Crost and Prabhu Pingali), we examine the effect of the PDS program on household consumption and nutrition. We find that increased PDS subsidies, that resulted from the National Food Security Act in 2013, improved nutrition and ""crowded- in"" the consumption of nutritious non-staple foods along with increasing calories. Further, the subsidy supported food consumption as opposed to flowing to other goods. PDS beneficiaries consumed 84% of the transfer value in the form of food, suggesting that the subsidy did not cause them to substantially reduce their consumption of non-subsidized food. The effect of PDS subsidies on food consumption is highest in households where women have more control over the food budget, suggesting a role of intra-household bargaining. Overall, our results suggest that in-kind staple food subsidies can lead to large improvements in nutritional outcomes of poor households.
In the third chapter, I study whether informal risk-sharing can provide full consumption insurance in village economies. I propose a new test for full risk sharing that accounts for heterogeneity in risk and time preferences, and apply this method to Indian village data. While there is substantial and significant heterogeneity in estimated risk and time preferences, full risk sharing is rejected for both cases - with and without heterogeneity. Estimated risk and time preferences are associated with wealth and household characteristics, suggesting an incomplete separation between consumption and production, a characteristic of incomplete markets."Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Aditya Shrinivas, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-09 at 22:46.The student, Aditya Shrinivas, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-09 at 23:35.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-11 at 15:26.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14237 on 2019-11-26 at 14:03:21Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:59:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Improved Fast Inverse Nonlinear Fourier Transform for Multi-solitons: A Discrete Darboux Based Approach
No full textThe relation between the input of an ideal optical single-mode fiber and the corresponding fiber output constitutes a nonlinear system that can be described using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This nonlinear system has the interesting property that it can be solved analytically using nonlinear Fourier transforms. To utilize this property, new methods of optical communication are being developed by embedding information in the nonlinear Fourier domain and employing fast nonlinear Fourier transforms. Many of the recent works use a specialized form of inverse nonlinear Fourier transform to generate information-bearing fiber inputs in the form of so-called multi-soliton pulses. Recently, multiple fast inverse nonlinear Fourier transform algorithms that can generate multi-solitons have been proposed. The goal of this thesis is to study and improve these algorithms, in particular, with respect to their computational complexity.Based on the literature survey, discrete Darboux transform combined with other discrete techniques is studied and a new algorithm is proposed. The algorithm employs a single-start approach in which discrete Darboux matrix is computed at only one sample point and rest of the samples are computed by evolution of the Darboux matrix. The algorithm is hence named as discrete Darboux evolution algorithm (DDE). The errors in the generated signal and run-time are studied by comparison with the classical Darboux transform (CDT). The DDE algorithm is shown to have floating point operations complexity of O(KN) for K eigenvalues and N samples. However, in a limited precision environment the number of samples that can be generated is found to be limited. To better understand the effects of machine precision, both the CDT and DDE algorithms are studied in a multi-precision environment. Certain insights from the study are used to develop two modifications to overcome the limitations. The first modification computes the signal using multiple single-start runs while the second one uses a multi-start approach. The second modification is shown to have errors comparable with other fast algorithms in literature. Additionally, in a qualitative comparison it is shown to be potentially faster than existing algorithms in a certain regime.Mechanical Engineering | Systems and Contro
Experimental Analysis on Collaborative Human Behavior in a Physical Interaction Environment
No full textabstract: Daily collaborative tasks like pushing a table or a couch require haptic communication between the people doing the task. To design collaborative motion planning algorithms for such applications, it is important to understand human behavior. Collaborative tasks involve continuous adaptations and intent recognition between the people involved in the task. This thesis explores the coordination between the human-partners through a virtual setup involving continuous visual feedback. The interaction and coordination are modeled as a two-step process: 1) Collecting data for a collaborative couch-pushing task, where both the people doing the task have complete information about the goal but are unaware of each other's cost functions or intentions and 2) processing the emergent behavior from complete information and fitting a model for this behavior to validate a mathematical model of agent-behavior in multi-agent collaborative tasks. The baseline model is updated using different approaches to resemble the trajectories generated by these models to human trajectories. All these models are compared to each other. The action profiles of both the agents and the position and velocity of the manipulated object during a goal-oriented task is recorded and used as expert-demonstrations to fit models resembling human behaviors. Analysis through hypothesis teasing is also performed to identify the difference in behaviors when there are complete information and information asymmetry among agents regarding the goal position.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis Electrical Engineering 202
Periodicity of combined heat transfer from horizontal cylinders
No full textCER72-73SKN-VAS23.March 1973.Includes bibliographical references (pages 46-48).Prepared under Office of Naval Research Contract No. N00014-68-A-0493-0001, Project No. NR 062-414/6-6-68(Code 438), U. S. Department of Defense.Circulating copy deaccessioned 2020.Based on experimental and flow visualization studies, a model for directly opposed free and forced convection flow around a heated cylinder (0.01 mm diameter) was developed. Three modes of flow were identified. For velocities less than 15 cm/sec (cylinder Reynolds number, Redw=0.08) a free convection or a buoyant force dominated flow was observed. The interacting free convection plume and the ambient flow form a stagnation region well upstream of the heated cylinder. Heat was convected from the cylinder through the plume to the stagnation region. In the stagnation region random vortex pockets of heated mass were formed. For velocities greater than 15 cm/sec but less than 21.4 cm/sec the magnitudes of the forced and free convection flows were nearly equal. A periodic oscillation of the stagnation region was observed. The flow regime where the periodic oscillations occur was found to be defined by a specific relation between the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. The periodic oscillations, which were in the range from 3 to 15 cycles per minute, were correlated in terms of Strauhal number and Reynolds number. For velocities greater than 21.4 cm/sec the forced convection was found to dominate over the free convection. The stagnation region was fixed for each flow velocity at one position above the cylinder. A potential like flow (laminar sheet) was formed shrouding the thermal layer of the cylinder. The mean heat transfer from the cylinder decreases with increasing Reynolds number for both the case of dominant free convection and the case of equal free and forced convection. The mean heat transfer abruptly and rapidly increases with increasing Reynolds number in the forced convection dominated region. For all these cases the thermal layer surrounding the hot cylinder was approximately 600 times larger than the diameter of the cylinder
Wind-tunnel model of study of downwash from stacks at Maui Electric Company Power Plant, Kahului, Hawaii
No full textCER72-73JEC-SKN28.Prepared under contract to Stearns-Roger Incorporated.Includes bibliographical (pages 16-17).March 1973.Tests were conducted in the meteorological wind-tunnel using 1:200 scale model to determine the distribution of gas concentration resulting from gaseous plumes released from four stacks associated with Maui Electric Company Power-Plant at Kahului Hawaii. The tests were conducted over a model power-plant including all significant structures in the vicinity. Data obtained included photographs and color motion pictures of smoke-plume trajectories and plots of contaminant concentration down wind of the power-plant at ground-level sampling positions. The effects of wind direction and stack height on ground-level concentrations are established. Evaluation of test results revealed that an increase of stack height from 30.48 m to 60.96 m will reduce the maximum groundlevel concentrations by a factor of three to five depending upon the wind direction. Location of stacks upwind of the power-plant structures was found to show distinct improvement of plume characteristics
Wind engineering study of Johns-Manville world headquarters
No full textCER73-74SKN-JAG-JEC42.October 1974.For Johns-Manville Corporation, Greenwood Plaza.Includes bibliographical references.Model tests of the Ken Caryl Ranch area were conducted in the Colorado State University environmental wind tunnel to determine: 1) general wind distribution, 2) snowdrift location, 3) distribution of gas concentration resulting from the automobile exhaust released in the ground level parking area, 4) local gust intensities, and 5) induced wind pressures on the Johns-Manville World Headquarters. The 1:400 scale model included the basic structure and all the significant local terrain features. Wind effects for eight significant wind directions at 45 degree intervals starting from north were examined in the study. General wind patterns were recorded by photographing the trajectories of smoke released at selected locations. Results of snow drifting simulation are documented by photographs. Local dispersion characteristics were obtained by measuring mean concentrations of tracer gas a long vertical lines and at significant points while releasing a tracer gas in the parking area at a known uniform rate. Local gust-intensity measurements were made by using a hot-wire anemometer. Aerodynamic pressures on the building model were measured as the difference in local and freestream static pressures. The present study has revealed that the heliport site is not associated with any serious problems of snowdrifts and surface winds. However, a significant snowdrift problem is seen to exist in the parking area at ground level, for cases of wind approaching from the S, SE, W and NW directions. The region on the northeast side of the building is found to be relatively free from problems due to snowdrifts and excessive concentrations of automobile exhausts. A high concentration of automobile exhausts was induced at the terrace level by secondary flow behind the building. This occurred for the cases of wind approaching from the N, NE and E directions. Severe gust intensities were observed to persist in the valley regions of the adjacent mountainous terrain for the cases of wind approaching from S, SW, W and NW directions. The maximum gust pressure on the building surface was found to be -48 lb./ft2 behind the parapets at the southeast extreme of the Elevation-6335 level with a SE wind. Gust pressures on the glass surfaces did not exceed ±30 lb./ft2 and were generally much smaller in magnitude
Never be silent : publishing & imperialism in Kenya, 1884-1963
No full textSocial communications are central to any social struggle. There is a sizable body of literature from other countries on the use of oral medium, newspapers, books and other forms of communications being used as tools for organising against a powerful enemy, as a training ground for cadres and for clarifying and developing revolutionary theory, ideology, organisation and practice. All this ensures a greater unity among those resisting oppression and exploitation. Thus revolutionary and liberation forces of Bolsheviks in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party of China, and in Vietnam had developed theories and practices of revolutionary publishing as part of their revolutionary work. This has also been the case during anti-colonial and anti-imperialist struggles in Africa, but very little of this has been systematically documented as an aspect of revolutionary communications policy and practice. While the
colonial communications systems have been reasonably well documented, the resistance communication systems remain largely undocumented and ignored. This book is an initial attempt to document this dynamic communications process in Kenya with its external struggles against colonialism and its complex internal struggles with overlaying divisions of race and class, Kenyan and foreign peoples. The main theme emerging from this experience is that people struggling to change their society always find ways of establishing their own system of communicating with the people they lead
and by whom they are led. Their mission of revolution, of change, of peace, of social and economic justice requires that they should never be silent. This was well understood and practised by the liberation forces in Kenya. They
were never silent
Studies of dijet transverse momentum balance and pseudorapidity distributions in pPb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV
No full textOpen Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the
source are credited. Funded by SCOAP3 / License Version CC BY 4.0.Dijet production has been measured in pPb collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV . A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 nb −1 was collected using the Compact Muon Solenoid detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The dijet transverse momentum balance, azimuthal angle correlations, and pseudorapidity distributions are studied as a function of the transverse energy in the forward calorimeters ( E 4<|η|<5.2 T ). For pPb collisions, the dijet transverse momentum ratio and the width of the distribution of dijet azimuthal angle difference are comparable to the same quantities obtained from a simulated pp reference and insensitive to E 4<|η|<5.2 T . In contrast, the mean value of the dijet pseudorapidity is found to change monotonically with increasing E 4<|η|<5.2 T , indicating a correlation between the energy emitted at large pseudorapidity and the longitudinal motion of the dijet frame. The pseudorapidity distribution of the dijet system in minimum bias pPb collisions is compared with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions obtained from both nucleon and nuclear parton distribution functions, and the data more closely match the latter
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