154 research outputs found
Trade and Development in a Labor Surplus Economy
No full textThis paper looks at a model in which two countries trade agricultural and manufactured commodities. The manufactured-goods sector produces with increasing returns to scale under conditions of monopolistic competition. It is shown that an increase in land endowment (or an increase in agricultural productivity) can have negative welfare implications for both countries. This outcome can result under three different scenarios: asymmetries across countries, i.e. a North-South model, a neoclassical labor market in the home country's instead of a Lewisian market, and alternative utility functions.international trade, labor surplus economy, land expansion, monopolistic competition, North-South model
La sfida dei docenti: dalla valutazione tradizionale all’assessment for learning, tra concezioni e buone pratiche
No full textL’articolo presenta il framework teorico-concettuale di una ricerca empirica tesa a rilevare le concezioni che un campione non probabilistico di futuri docenti, in formazione, ha sulla valutazione scolastica: ad esempio, sostenere la prevalenza della valutazione del prodotto dell’apprendimento con scopi rendicontativi rispetto a quella formativa (Brown, 2006; Vannini, 2012; Brown, Gebril & Michaelides, 2019). L’obiettivo generale della ricerca è favorirne il superamento per evitare che ostacolino l’attuazione di pratiche di formative assessment (Scriven, 1967; Bloom, Madaus & Hastings, 1971; Barbier, 1977; Falcinelli, 1999). L’interesse a occuparsi del tema nasce dalla seguente considerazione: sebbene sia stata riconosciuta la circolarità nella valutazione e sia emersa la necessità di attuare processi di assessment for learning (Black et al., 2003; Sambell, McDowell & Montgomery, 2012), i docenti privilegiano la sola valutazione sommativa con funzione certificativa (Bellomo, 2016; OECD, 2019).The article presents the theoretical-conceptual framework of an empirical research. It aims to examine the conceptions that a non-probabilistic sample of future teachers, in training, have about assessment: for example, the assessment of the learning product with reporting purposes is considered more important than formative assessment (Brown, 2006; Vannini, 2012; Brown, Gebril & Michaelides, 2019). The general objective of the research is to encourage their overcoming to prevent the implementation of formative assessment practices from being impeded by them (Scriven, 1967; Bloom, Madaus & Hastings, 1971; Barbier, 1977; Falcinelli, 1999). The interest on this topic is linked to the following consideration: although circularity in assessment has been recognized and the need to implement assessment for learning has emerged (Black et al., 2003; Sambell, McDowell & Montgomery, 2012), teachers favor only summative assessment with a certification function (Bellomo, 2016; OECD, 2019)
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No full textDairy Intake Modifies the Level of the Bile Acid Precursor and Its Correlation with Serum Proteins Associated with Cholesterol Clearance in Subjects with Hyperinsulinemia
No full textBile acids regulate glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Further, the levels of bile acids can be influenced by the intake of dairy products. Although the serum proteome can provide information on the biological pathways associated with different metabolites, it is unknown whether the intake of dairy modifies such associations between bile acids and the proteome. The objectives of this study were to examine plasma bile acid profiles, find the correlations between bile acids and lipid as well as glycemic markers, and to uncover the correlation between bile acids and proteins after high dairy (HD) and adequate dairy (AD) intake among 25 overweight individuals with hyperinsulinemia. In this randomized crossover-trial study, hyperinsulinemia adults were randomized to both HD (≥4 servings/day) and AD (≤2 servings/day) for 6 weeks. Measurements and analyses were performed on before- as well as after- AD and HD conditions. The results indicated that plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (7AC4) increased after HD in comparison with before HD intake (p = 0.03). After adjusting for BMI, age, and sex, 7AC4 positively correlated with triglyceride levels in the pre-AD (r = 0.44; p = 0.03) and post-HD (r = 0.42; p = 0.04). Further, 7AC4 correlated positively with proteins associated with high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling pathway and reverse cholesterol transport only after HD consumption. Thus, the consumption of higher dairy intake modifies the association between 7AC4—a biomarker for bile acid synthesis—and serum proteins involved in cholesterol clearance. Overall, higher dairy consumption may have a positive effect on cholesterol metabolism in subjects at risk of type 2 diabetes
Search for lepton flavour violation in the eμ continuum with the ATLAS detector in √<span style="text-decoration:overline">s</span>=7 TeV pp collisions at the LHC
No full textThis paper presents a search for the t-channel exchange of an R-parity violating scalar top quark ( t˜ ) in the e ± μ ∓ continuum using 2.1 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector in √<span style="text-decoration:overline">s</span>=7 TeV pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Data are found to be consistent with the expectation from the Standard Model backgrounds. Limits on R-parity-violating couplings at 95 % C.L. are calculated as a function of the scalar top mass ( mt˜ ). The upper limits on the production cross section for pp→eμX, through the t-channel exchange of a scalar top quark, ranges from 170 fb for mt˜=95 GeV to 30 fb for mt˜=1000 GeV
Income, Consumption and Human Development: Environmental Linkages
No full texthuman development, consumption, globalization
On harnessing natural resources for sustainable development
No full textEver-increasing population and ever-proliferating demand for variety and choice together with a marked preference in favor of deliberate under-utilization of resources as well as deprecation of thrift have exposed the available reserves of natural resources to the danger of depletion. The culture based on the market economy has made the people concerned only about producing and consuming more, with their eyes closed to the indiscriminate exploitation of resources and dumping of the obnoxious byproducts into the environment. There is now abundant scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably. The environment is gradually becoming more overstressed; trophic chains and various biogeochemical cycles in the nature are being interrupted; ecological services are becoming disturbed. People now are transforming ecosystems throughout the world at a faster and more extensive pace than any other time in human history. In this milieu, this paper observes that bringing human use of natural resources within sustainable limits will require a major collective effort. There is a need to sensitize the people, especially the supposed and potential ‘creative core’, to direct their efforts to a serious thinking and action to change our present preoccupation with an unsustainable development towards sustainable development. The roles of other stakeholders and volunteer-involving organizations are no less important. sustainable development requires changes in institutions, more specifically the habits of thought and action, to opt for and adopt the new paradigm of development, to change the taste and liking regarding consumption, to think of social priorities and obligation vis-à-vis the personal ones and so on. Attitudinal changes, the alteration of the world view and the habits of thought, are only possible by a proper and holistic educational planning and an efficient governance of the academia, the government departments and the law-making and law-protecting framework of our society. The paper highlights the role of the ‘creative core’ and good governance, but the intelligentsia, especially in the less developed nations where social consciousness is dominated by the myopic personal agenda, will not be effective unless the monitoring of the entire program of development is efficient. The people must, therefore, come forward. But, while social consciousness is weak and dormant, this requirement pushes us into the vicious circle. This vicious circle is the real trap and obstacle to sustainable development.Natural resources; sustainable development; technology; wastage; cultural determinants; post-industrial society; creative class; creative core; red bio-technology; intelligentsia
Fire and light in the western triduum: their use at tenebrae and at the paschal vigil
No full textThe stage-by-stage development of Tenebrae is described showing the extension of light-loss at Lauds on Good Friday to the three night offices of the Western Triduum. The emergence, development, and use of the hearse at Tenebrae from the eleventh century onwards is explored, together with the integration of that device into the liturgical drama that the service of Tenebrae represented. The varying number of lights used and the extinction-points are shown to be derived from differing liturgical traditions. The presence of other lights at the service is discussed; and the extinguishing of lights is shown to have a rememorative, not a utilitarian origin. The new fire ceremonies of all the Western rites, which were of Galilean origin, were deliberately adopted by the Church as part of her missionary work. An in-depth survey of the ritual surrounding the kindling of the fire and the subsequent procession with the fire into church reveals a heritage of different cultural and liturgical traditions. Not only was the threefold production of fire linked to the triple performance of Tenebrae;the new fire ceremony was integrated into the Paschal vigil liturgy because of the common theme of light; and to the former was extended the Passover motif. Not only are the geographical and liturgical origins of the Easter candle considered; an historical analysis is presented of both the Candle itself and of the ceremonial surrounding the blessing of the Candle. This ceremonial, being largely of Galilean provenance, is ex-aunined in relation to the corresponding Milanese, Mozarabic, and Roman Vigil liturgies, all of which are related to the Lucernariua of Jerusalem. The study shows that the late medieval Paschal ceremony of light was a synthesis of Roman and Galilean elements; and that a two fold tradition existed relating to the provision of light at the Vigil
Il “discorso” delle politiche di attivazione e della de-regolazione del mercato del lavoro
No full textI più recenti processi di policy making in ambito sociale, previdenziale e del lavoro a livello europeo (Ferrera, Giuliani, 2008), sono stati influenzati da orientamenti ideologici e parole-chiave che hanno assunto un crescente peso nell’ agenda setting dei governi.
Ci riferiamo in modo particolare alla fortuna riscossa da concetti e termini quali capitale umano e occupabilità, che hanno fornito una base di consenso a idee e interpretazioni dei fenomeni economici e sociali che hanno sostenuto la definizione di dispositivi di intervento calibrati sul paradigma delle politiche di attivazione (Van Berkel, Moller, 2002; Gallie, 2004; Bonvin, Favarque, 2005; Barbier, 2008).
Sul piano delle policies sono presenti alcune tendenze fondamentali: innanzitutto è individuato uno stretto legame tra protezione sociale e partecipazione al mercato del lavoro, vincolando la possibilità di accedere a benefici monetari e sussidi, all’impegno nella ricerca attiva del lavoro, secondo il principio “work first”. E’ incentivata l’espansione degli impieghi a basso salario, riducendo il loro carico contributivo e fiscale al fine di favorire l’uscita dalla disoccupazione e dall’assistenza. Ciò comporta una seconda tendenza di policy, vale a dire la messa a punto di programmi finalizzati ad accrescere l’efficienza dei processi di matching tra domanda e offerta di lavoro, aprendo da un lato alla concorrenza tra servizi pubblici e privati, e dall’altro operando una profonda riorganizzazione dei servizi pubblici di assistenza alla ricerca del lavoro. Infine, le politiche pubbliche si caratterizzano per un terzo orientamento: quello relativo alla liberalizzazione delle norme che regolano il mercato del lavoro, prevedendo l’espansione di rapporti di impiego part time e temporanei, rivolti soprattutto a giovani, donne e lavoratori a bassa qualificazione – i cosiddetti outsider del mercato del lavoro – con l’effetto di una notevole riduzione delle protezioni normative e di welfare che obbligano questi soggetti alla necessità di ritrovare un impiego il più presto possibile.
Tali provvedimenti mostrano un evidente ripensamento delle forme organizzative, ma anche dei valori e degli scopi del welfare state. Essi promuovono l’affermazione di un vero e proprio paradigm shift a livello internazionale , incarnato per l’appunto dalle politiche di attivazione, che insiste sull’identificazione di un legame tra protezione sociale, politiche del mercato del lavoro e politiche fiscali. E’ proposta una nuova concezione della giustizia sociale che da obiettivi di eguaglianza e sicurezza del reddito, persegue intenti legati all’innalzamento dell’occupazione in contesti economici ad elevata competitività. Si afferma così un nuovo paradigma discorsivo che determina una riconcettualizzazione del rapporto tra lavoro e welfare, ritenendo che le politiche pubbliche debbano organizzare i propri interventi mutando le priorità: da lotta alla disoccupazione a promozione dell’occupabilità; da protezione sociale ad attivazione delle persone per un rapido reinserimento nel mercato del lavoro; da lotta contro povertà e disuguaglianze ad inclusione (nel mercato del lavoro). In altri termini, da welfare a “welfare to work”.
La condizione per l’affermazione di una tale interpretazione è la mutata concezione delle modalità di socializzazione dei rischi. Mentre nel welfare moderno il rischio era considerato una caratteristica esterna al soggetto e al di fuori del suo controllo (disoccupazione, infortunio, malattia etc), nella rinnovata versione, i rischi sociali sono internalizzati e il loro fronteggiamento dipende dalle attitudini individuali: ossia il rischio consiste nella impossibilità o nella difficoltà dell’individuo singolo di essere attivato. Nel primo modello, i sistemi fiscali e di protezione sociale si rivolgono alla collettività ed hanno intenti redistributivi; nel secondo sono concepiti come un insieme di incentivi e disincentivi che si preoccupano del comportamento attivo..
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