257 research outputs found
Proceeding of International Seminar Development Administration : Paradigm of Human Development
No full textNews media has been played an important role to expose a leader and political parties.
The relationship between media and leaders with political parties in a nation comes up as a
hill and its mount. They both depends each other to get, deliver, distribute, and spread its
news. A media such as newspaper needs a leader and members of political parties to interact
with them in whole aspects, included politics, economics, social and cultures. This
assessment tries to observe newspapers in providing news report of Najib Tun Razak, who
has been incoming Prime Minister and political parties in Malaysia. The main reason,
newspapers which deliver in Malay language, English, Chinese, and Indian, has been
collected for this assessment. Others are Berita Harian, Utusan Malaysia, The Star, The New
Straits Times, Nanyang Siang Pau, China Press, Malaysia Nanban, and Tamil Nesan. The
assessment only represents the moment in time of Vote of UMNO ( March 23 – 29, 2009) and
before Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak had been inaugurated and vowed as Prime Minister on
April 4, 2009. The collected columns are political ones. This assessment will be recognized as
diversities of printing news media reports in some languages about incoming 6th Malaysian
Prime Minister. The result of this assessment finds out Chinese newspapers deliver balanced
report towards leaders and political parties
Development and validation of a regression model for Listeria monocytogenes growth in roast beefs
No full textFood business operators are responsible for food safety and assessment of shelf lives for their ready-to-eat products. For assisting them, a customized software based on predictive models, ListWare, is being developed. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sliced roast beef. A challenge study was performed comprising 51 different combinations of variables. The growth curves followed the Baranyi and Roberts model with no clear lag phase and specific growth rates in the range <0.005–0.110 hr−1. A linear regression model was developed based on 528 observations and had an adjusted R-square of 0.80. The significant predictors were storage temperature, sodium lactate, interactions between sodium acetate and temperature, and MAP packaging and temperature. The model was validated in four laboratories in three countries. For conditions where the model predicted up to + log 2 cfu/g Listeria concentration, the observed concentrations were true or below the predicted concentration in 90% of the cases. For the remaining 10%, the roast beef was coated with spices and therefore different from the others. The model will be implemented in ListWare web-application for calculation of “Listeria shelf life”
Production of and (1020) in pp collisions at =7 TeV
No full textThe production of K*(892)\).0\) and .1020) in pp collisions at .7 TeV was measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The yields and the transverse momentum spectra at midrapidity |y|<0.5 in the range 0 < < 6 GeV/c for K*(892)\).0\) and 0.4 < < 6 GeV/c for .1020) are reported and compared to model predictions. Using the yield of pions, kaons, and Omega baryons measured previously by ALICE at .7 TeV, the ratios . and are presented. The values of the and ratios are similar to those found at lower centre-of-mass energies. In contrast, the ratio, which has been observed to increase with energy, seems to saturate above 200 GeV. The ratio in the range 1-5 GeV/c is found to be in good agreement with the prediction of the HIJING/\).\bar{B}\) v2.0 model with a strong colour field
Production of and (1020) in pp collisions at =7 TeV
No full textThe production of K*(892)\).0\) and .1020) in pp collisions at .7 TeV was measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The yields and the transverse momentum spectra at midrapidity |y|<0.5 in the range 0 < < 6 GeV/c for K*(892)\).0\) and 0.4 < < 6 GeV/c for .1020) are reported and compared to model predictions. Using the yield of pions, kaons, and Omega baryons measured previously by ALICE at .7 TeV, the ratios . and are presented. The values of the and ratios are similar to those found at lower centre-of-mass energies. In contrast, the ratio, which has been observed to increase with energy, seems to saturate above 200 GeV. The ratio in the range 1-5 GeV/c is found to be in good agreement with the prediction of the HIJING/\).\bar{B}\) v2.0 model with a strong colour field.publishedVersio
Centrality dependence of π, K, and p production in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
No full textIn this paper measurements are presented of pi(+/-), K-+/-, p, and (p) over bar production at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5), in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The measurement covers the transverse-momentum (p(T)) range from 100, 200, and 300 MeV/c up to 3, 3, and 4.6 GeV/c for pi, K, and p, respectively. The measured p(T) distributions and yields are compared to expectations based on hydrodynamic, thermal and recombination models. The spectral shapes of central collisions show a stronger radial flow than measured at lower energies, which can be described in hydrodynamic models. In peripheral collisions, the p(T) distributions are not well reproduced by hydrodynamic models. Ratios of integrated particle yields are found to be nearly independent of centrality. The yield of protons normalized to pions is a factor similar to 1.5 lower than the expectation from thermal models
Production of K∗(892)0 and φ(1020) in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV
No full textThe production of K∗(892)0 and φ(1020) in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV was measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The yields and the transverse momentum spectra d2N/dydpT at midrapidity |y| <0.5 in the range
K-S(0) and Lamda Production in Pb-Pb Collisions at root s(NN)=2:76??TeV
No full textThe ALICE measurement of K and production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at = 2.76 TeV is presented. The transverse momentum () spectra are shown for several collision centrality intervals and in the range from 0.4 GeV/c (0.6 GeV/c for ) to 12 GeV/c. The dependence of the ratios exhibits maxima in the vicinity of 3 GeV/c, and the positions of the maxima shift towards higher with increasing collision centrality. The magnitude of these maxima increases by almost a factor of three between most peripheral and most central Pb-Pb collisions. This baryon excess at intermediate pT is not observed in pp interactions at = 0.9 TeV and at = 7 TeV. Qualitatively, the baryon enhancement in heavy-ion collisions is expected from radial flow. However, the measured spectra above 2 GeV/c progressively decouple from hydrodynamical-model calculations. For higher values of , models that incorporate the influence of the medium on the fragmentation and hadronization processes describe qualitatively the dependence of the ratio.The ALICE measurement of KS0 and Λ production at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV is presented. The transverse momentum (pT) spectra are shown for several collision centrality intervals and in the pT range from 0.4 GeV/c (0.6 GeV/c for Λ) to 12 GeV/c. The pT dependence of the Λ/KS0 ratios exhibits maxima in the vicinity of 3 GeV/c, and the positions of the maxima shift towards higher pT with increasing collision centrality. The magnitude of these maxima increases by almost a factor of three between most peripheral and most central Pb-Pb collisions. This baryon excess at intermediate pT is not observed in pp interactions at s=0.9 TeV and at s=7 TeV. Qualitatively, the baryon enhancement in heavy-ion collisions is expected from radial flow. However, the measured pT spectra above 2 GeV/c progressively decouple from hydrodynamical-model calculations. For higher values of pT, models that incorporate the influence of the medium on the fragmentation and hadronization processes describe qualitatively the pT dependence of the Λ/KS0 ratio.The ALICE measurement of K and production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV is presented. The transverse momentum () spectra are shown for several collision centrality intervals and in the range from 0.4 GeV/ (0.6 GeV/ for ) to 12 GeV/. The dependence of the /K ratios exhibits maxima in the vicinity of 3 GeV/, and the positions of the maxima shift towards higher with increasing collision centrality. The magnitude of these maxima increases by almost a factor of three between most peripheral and most central Pb-Pb collisions. This baryon excess at intermediate is not observed in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 TeV and at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. Qualitatively, the baryon enhancement in heavy-ion collisions is expected from radial flow. However, the measured spectra above 2 GeV/ progressively decouple from hydrodynamical-model calculations. For higher values of , models that incorporate the influence of the medium on the fragmentation and hadronization processes describe qualitatively the dependence of the /K ratio
Guidance on date marking and related food information: part 2 (food information)
No full textA risk-based approach was used to develop guidance to be followed by food business operators (FBOs) when deciding on food information relating to storage conditions and/or time limits for consumption after opening a food package and thawing of frozen foods. After opening the package, contamination may occur, introducing new pathogens into the food and the intrinsic (e.g. pH and aw), extrinsic (e.g. temperature and gas atmosphere) and implicit (e.g. interactions with competing background microbiota) factors may change, affecting microbiological food safety. Setting a time limit for consumption after opening the package (secondary shelf-life) is complex in view of the many influencing factors and information gaps. A decision tree (DT) was developed to assist FBOs in deciding whether the time limit for consumption after opening, due to safety reasons, is potentially shorter than the initial ‘best before’ or ‘use by’ date of the product in its unopened package. For products where opening the package leads to a change of the type of pathogenic microorganisms present in the food and/or factors increasing their growth compared to the unopened product, a shorter time limit for consumption after opening would be appropriate. Freezing prevents the growth of pathogens, however, most pathogenic microorganisms may survive frozen storage, recover during thawing and then grow and/or produce toxins in the food, if conditions are favourable. Moreover, additional contamination may occur from hands, contact surfaces or contamination from other foods and utensils. Good practices for thawing should, from a food safety point of view, minimise growth of and contamination by pathogens between the food being thawed and other foods and/or contact surfaces, especially when removing the food from the package during thawing. Best practices for thawing foods are presented to support FBOs
Guidance on date marking and related food information: part 1 (date marking)
No full textA risk-based approach was developed to be followed by food business operators (FBO) when deciding on the type of date marking (i.e. ‘best before’ date or ‘use by’ date), setting of shelf-life (i.e. time) and the related information on the label to ensure food safety. The decision on the type of date marking needs to be taken on a product-by-product basis, considering the relevant hazards, product characteristics, processing and storage conditions. The hazard identification is food product-specific and should consider pathogenic microorganisms capable of growing in prepacked temperature-controlled foods under reasonably foreseeable conditions. The intrinsic (e.g. pH and aw), extrinsic (e.g. temperature and gas atmosphere) and implicit (e.g. interactions with competing background microbiota) factors of the food determine which pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms can grow in the food during storage until consumption. A decision tree was developed to assist FBOs in deciding the type of date marking for a certain food product. When setting the shelf-life, the FBO needs to consider reasonably foreseeable conditions of distribution, storage and use of the food. Key steps of a case-by-case procedure to determine and validate the shelf-life period are: (i) identification of the relevant pathogenic/spoilage microorganism and its initial level, (ii) characterisation of the factors of the food affecting the growth behaviour and (iii) assessment of the growth behaviour of the pathogenic/spoilage microorganism in the food product during storage until consumption. Due to the variability between food products and consumer habits, it was not appropriate to present indicative time limits for food donated or marketed past the ‘best before’ date. Recommendations were provided relating to training activities and support, using ‘reasonably foreseeable conditions’, collecting time–temperature data during distribution, retail and domestic storage of foods and developing Appropriate Levels of Protection and/or Food Safety Objectives for food–pathogen combinations
K*(892)(0) and phi(1020) production in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76 TeV
No full textThe yields of the K*(892)(0) and phi(1020) resonances are measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV through their hadronic decays using the ALICE detector. The measurements are performed in multiple centrality intervals at mid-rapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar <0.5) in the transverse-momentum ranges 0.3 <p(T) <5 GeV/c for the K*(892)(0) and 0.5 <p(T) <5 GeV/c for the phi(1020). The yields of K*(892)(0) are suppressed in central Pb-Pb collisions with respect to pp and peripheral Pb-Pb collisions (perhaps due to rescattering of its decay products in the hadronic medium), while the longer-lived phi(1020) meson is not suppressed. These particles are also used as probes to study the mechanisms of particle production. The shape of the pT distribution of the phi(1020) meson, but not its yield, is reproduced fairly well by hydrodynamic models for central Pb-Pb collisions. In central Pb-Pb collisions at low and intermediate p(T), the p/phi(1020) ratio is flat in p(T), while the p/pi and phi(1020)/pi ratios show a pronounced increase and have similar shapes to each other. These results indicate that the shapes of the p(T) distributions of these particles in central Pb-Pb collisions are determined predominantly by the particle masses and radial flow. Finally, phi(1020) production in Pb-Pb collisions is enhanced, with respect to the yield in pp collisions and the yield of charged pions, by an amount similar to the Lambda and Xi
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