2 research outputs found
Intervenciones en enfermedades infecciosas desatendidas en América Latina: caso enfermedad de Chagas. Revisión sistemática de la literatura.
No full textIntroducción: La enfermedad de Chagas está catalogada como enfermedad infecciosa desatendida (EID) y de interés en salud pública. Los determinantes sociales y ambientales participan en el ciclo de transmisión y se caracteriza por afectar a la población de bajos recursos socioeconómicos y nivel educativo, viviendas precarias, carencia de acceso a servicios de salud, agua potable, saneamiento básico y vivir en zonas de conflicto.
Objetivo: Identificar a través de una revisión sistemática intervenciones de prevención y control de la enfermedad de Chagas.
Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron estudios poblacionales o de colectivos escritos en inglés, español y portugués con resultados de intervenciones en salud durante el 2010-2015 en América Latina. La búsqueda se realizó en bases de datos como Pubmed/Medline, LILACS, HINARI y Cochrane, literatura gris y páginas web oficiales de los Ministerios de Salud, OPS y OMS. Dos investigadores independientes revisaron y evaluaron la calidad de los estudios, a partir de allí se identificaron intervenciones y resultados.
Resultados y Discusión: se localizaron un total de 193 artículos, se excluyeron 118 y quedaron 59 para lectura completa. Las intervenciones identificadas, se organizaron en cuatro categorías: 1) control vectorial, 2) mejoramiento de condiciones de vida: vivienda y alrededores/ educación ambiental, 3) conocimiento de la enfermedad, actitudes y prácticas, e 4) identificación de barreras, propuesta de alternativas para el acceso a los servicios de salud, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos. La ejecución de intervenciones debe realizarse de manera articulada entre las categorías bajo la identificación de los determinantes sociales implicados.Introduction: Chagas diseases is classified as neglected infectious disease and public health concern. Social and environmental determinants participate in transmission cycle. It is characterized by affect low-income and low educational-level populations, houses in precarious conditions, poor access to health services, drinking water and basic sanitation as well as living in conflict areas.
Objective: Identify through systematic review different prevention and control interventions for Chagas disease.
Methods: population or colectives studies written in english, spanish and portuguese with results related to health interventions during 201 0-2015 in Latin america were included. Information search was performed by using databases like Pubmed/Medline, LILACS, HINARI and cochrane as well as gray literature and official webpages from health ministries, PAHO and WHO. Two independent researchers reviewed and evaluated the quality of studies. From this, interventions and results were identified.
Results and discussion: in total, 193 papers were identified. From those, 118 were excluded and 59 remained for the reading. Identified interventions were classified into four categories: 1) vector control, 2) improvement of living conditions: housing and surroundings/environmental education, 3) knowledge of disease, attitudes, practices 4) identification of barriers, and proposal of alternatives for access to health services, diagnosis and timely treatment. Interventions execution should be done in articulated way among the four categories under the identification of implied social determinants.http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.coMaestrí
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
No full textBackground Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world’s population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015.
Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identifi cation and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60 900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool fi rst developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores.
Findings We generated 9·3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for
causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17·2 billion, 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 15·4–19·2 billion) and diarrhoeal diseases (2·39 billion, 2·30–2·50 billion). Eight causes of chronic disease and injury each affected more than 10% of the world’s population in 2015: permanent caries, tension-type headache, iron-defi ciency anaemia, age-related and other hearing loss, migraine, genital herpes, refraction and accommodation disorders, and ascariasis. The impairment that affected the greatest number of people in 2015 was anaemia, with 2·36 billion (2·35–2·37 billion) individuals affected. The second and third leading impairments by number of individuals aff ected were hearing loss and vision loss, respectively. Between 2005 and 2015, there was little change in the leading causes of years lived with disability (YLDs) on a global basis. NCDs accounted for 18 of the leading 20 causes of age-standardised YLDs on a global scale. Where rates were decreasing, the rate of decrease for YLDs was slower than that of years of life lost (YLLs) for nearly every cause included in our analysis. For low SDI geographies, Group 1 causes typically accounted for 20–30% of total disability, largely attributable to nutritional defi ciencies, malaria, neglected tropical diseases, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Lower back and neck pain was the leading global cause of disability in 2015 in most countries. The leading cause was sense organ disorders in 22 countries in Asia and Africa and one in central Latin America; diabetes in four countries in Oceania; HIV/AIDS in three southern sub-Saharan African countries; collective violence and legal intervention in two north African and Middle Eastern countries; iron-defi ciency anaemia in Somalia and Venezuela; depression in Uganda; onchoceriasis in Liberia; and other neglected tropical diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Interpretation Ageing of the world’s population is increasing the number of people living with sequelae of diseases
and injuries. Shifts in the epidemiological profi le driven by socioeconomic change also contribute to the continued
increase in years lived with disability (YLDs) as well as the rate of increase in YLDs. Despite limitations imposed by gaps in data availability and the variable quality of the data available, the standardised and comprehensive approach of the GBD study provides opportunities to examine broad trends, compare those trends between countries or subnational geographies, benchmark against locations at similar stages of development, and gauge the strength or weakness of the estimates available
