39,026 research outputs found
Signaling sides adaxial-abaxial patterning in leaves
No full textMost leaves are dorsiventrally flattened and develop clearly defined upper and lower surfaces. Light capturing is the specialization of the adaxial or upper surface and the abaxial or lower surface is specialized for gas exchange (Fig. 5.1). This division into adaxial and abaxial domains is also key for the outgrowth of the leaf blade or lamina, which occurs along the boundary between the upper and lower sides. How this polarity is set up is not clear but genetic analysis in a range of species suggests that several highly conserved interlocking pathways are involved. Positional information from the meristem is reinforced by signaling through the epidermal layer as the meristem grows away from the leaf primordium. Opposing ta-siRNA and miRNA gradients help refine distinct adaxial and abaxial sides, and mutual inhibition between the genes expressed on each side stabilizes the boundary. In this review we consider how recent work in a range of species is clarifying our understanding of these processes
Measurement of the ratio of prompt χ c to J / ψ production in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV
No full textThe prompt production of charmonium χ c and J / ψ states is studied in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The χ c and J / ψ mesons are identified through their decays χ c → J / ψ γ and J / ψ → μ + μ - using 36 pb - 1 of data collected by the LHCb detector in 2010. The ratio of the prompt production cross-sections for χ c and J / ψ, σ (χ c → J / ψ γ) / σ (J / ψ), is determined as a function of the J / ψ transverse momentum in the range 2 < p T J / ψ < 15 GeV / c. The results are in excellent agreement with next-to-leading order non-relativistic expectations and show a significant discrepancy compared with the colour singlet model prediction at leading order, especially in the low p T J / ψ region
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C.
No full textDE MAIESTATE / PRAESIDE M. JACOBO THOMASIO, MORALIS PHILOSOPH. P. P., PUBLICE DISPUTABIT JOHANNES DUNTE, R. L. AUTHOR & RESPON: AD DIEM 9. SEPTEMBR. H L. Q. C.
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C. (1)
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Illuminaçao Apologetica do retrato de Morteçor en que aparecem com mais vivas côres os erros do author do novo Methodo, e seu Apologista ...
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Convective–reactive nucleosynthesis of K, Sc, Cl and p-process isotopes in O–C shell mergers
No full text© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. We address the deficiency of odd-Z elements P, Cl, K and Sc in Galactic chemical evolution models through an investigation of the nucleosynthesis of interacting convective O and C shells in massive stars. 3D hydrodynamic simulations of O-shell convection with moderate C-ingestion rates show no dramatic deviation from spherical symmetry. We derive a spherically averaged diffusion coefficient for 1D nucleosynthesis simulations, which show that such convective-reactive ingestion events can be a production site for P, Cl, K and Sc. An entrainment rate of 10-3M⊙s-1features overproduction factors OPs≈ 7. Full O-C shell mergers in our 1D stellar evolution massive star models have overproduction factors OPm> 1 dex but for such cases 3D hydrodynamic simulations suggest deviations from spherical symmetry. γ - process species can be produced with overproduction factors of OPm> 1 dex, for example, for130, 132Ba. Using the uncertain prediction of the 15M⊙, Z = 0.02 massive star model (OPm≈ 15) as representative for merger or entrainment convective-reactive events involving O- and C-burning shells, and assume that such events occur in more than 50 per cent of all stars, our chemical evolution models reproduce the observed Galactic trends of the odd-Z elements
Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Determination of P(c -> D*(+)) and BR(c -> l(+)) at LEP 1
No full textThe probability P(c --> D*(+)) that a charm quark fragments into a D*+ meson and the c --> l(+) semileptonic branching fraction were measured in Z(0) decay into c (c) over bar events. From the analysis of 3.5 Million Z(0) events collected from 1992 to 1995, a sample of charm meson decays with 81% c (c) over bar purity was selected. The product of the c --> D*(+) fragmentation probability times the D*(+) --> D(0)pi(+) branching fraction was measured to be: P(c --> D*(+)).BR(D*(+) --> D(0)pi(+)) = 0.174 +/- 0.010(stat) +/- 0.004(syst). Using the world averaged value for BR(D*+ --> D(0)pi(+)), the fragmentation probability is inferred: P(c --> D*(+)) = 0.255 +/- 0.015(stat) +/- 0.006(syst) +/- 0.005(syst.BR). From the same sample, 1828 +/- 51 identified leptons in the opposite hemisphere were selected. From this sample, the charm semileptonic branching fraction was measured to be: BR(c --> l(+)) = 0.0958 +/- 0.0042(stat) +/- 0.0028(syst)
Illumunaçao Apologetica don retrato de Morteçor em que apparecem com mais vivas côres os erros do author do novo Methodo ...
No full textFecha sacada de la pág. 166Sign.: A-X\p4\
Lympha technique for primary and early secondary prevention of lymphedema following cancer treatment
No full textLYMPHA proved to be an effective preventive procedure that contributes in giving our oncological patients a good quality of life. In this presentation, the author will report indications, technical aspects and benefits of LYMPHA technique
Malgrange's vanishing theorem for weakly pseudoconcave CR manifolds
No full textThe authors prove the following CR version of Malgrange's theorem: Assume M is a smooth, non-compact, weakly pseudoconcave CR manifold of type (n,k) of finite kind. Then the highest ∂−M cohomology Hp,n∂−M(M) vanishes for 0≤p≤n+k. This generalises a similar result for real analytic CR manifolds by the third author [in Hyperbolic problems and regularity questions, 137--150, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2007; MR2298789 (2008d:32034)].
Furthermore, they prove the following approximation theorem: If M is as above and U⊂⊂V⊂⊂M are two open sets such that V\sbs UV∖U has no compact connected component then for 0≤p≤n+k the restriction map Zp,n−1(V−)→Zp,n−1(U) has dense image, with respect to the \scr C^\inftyC∞ topology on U. The authors prove the following CR version of Malgrange's theorem: Assume M is a smooth, non-compact, weakly pseudoconcave CR manifold of type (n,k) of finite kind. Then the highest ∂−M cohomology Hp,n∂−M(M) vanishes for 0≤p≤n+k. This generalises a similar result for real analytic CR manifolds by the third author [in Hyperbolic problems and regularity questions, 137--150, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2007; MR2298789 (2008d:32034)].
Furthermore, they prove the following approximation theorem: If M is as above and U⊂⊂V⊂⊂M are two open sets such that V\sbs UV∖U has no compact connected component then for 0≤p≤n+k the restriction map Zp,n−1(V−)→Zp,n−1(U) has dense image, with respect to the \scr C^\inftyC∞ topology on U. The authors prove the following CR version of Malgrange's theorem: Assume M is a smooth, non-compact, weakly pseudoconcave CR manifold of type (n,k) of finite kind. Then the highest ∂−M cohomology Hp,n∂−M(M) vanishes for 0≤p≤n+k. This generalises a similar result for real analytic CR manifolds by the third author [in Hyperbolic problems and regularity questions, 137--150, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2007; MR2298789 (2008d:32034)].
Furthermore, they prove the following approximation theorem: If M is as above and U⊂⊂V⊂⊂M are two open sets such that V\sbs UV∖U has no compact connected component then for 0≤p≤n+k the restriction map Zp,n−1(V−)→Zp,n−1(U) has dense image, with respect to the \scr C^\inftyC∞ topology on U
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