18,320 research outputs found
An analysis of drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf
No full textKuwait Bay presents a unique ecosystem and a significant nursery ground for many fish and shrimp species. In the last three decades, the bay has been under pressure from urbanization as well as from development from the entire region of the Arabian Gulf. Seawater temperature has an important impact on the marine environment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the drivers of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellites images were used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Arabian Gulf and Kuwait Bay. Hourly temperature measurements collected during the winter, 2007 and summer, 2008 were used to define the vertical temperature gradient in the water column, sea-bed and the intertidal flats of Kuwait Bay. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometric (AVHRR) satellite data collected between 1985 and 2007 was also used to study the trends and drivers of increasing SST in Kuwait Bay over the last two decades.Satellite imaging showed that generally SST of Kuwait Bay is higher in the south than in the north. Highest SST was recorded near local human activities especially close to power and desalination plants due to thermal discharges. The field measurements showed that the water temperature is well-mixed in the bay. Seawater temperature reached 37 ºC in summer and dropped to 15.2 ºC in winter. Measurements beneath the sea-bed and within the intertidal flats showed that the temperature increased with depth in winter and decreased in summer. In winter, the sea-bed and intertidal flats are a source of heat to the water column, during summer the opposite is true. AVHRR data showed that the seawater temperature increased in Kuwait Bay by 0.62 (± 0.01)ºC/decade in the last two decades. This trend is three times greater than the global average. The defined trends were substantiated by routine in situ monthly measurements of SST made by the EPA in the bay, and were also similar in pattern and trend to air temperature recorded at Kuwait airport. Temperature trends have been affected by drivers, conveniently sub-divided into global (which contributes 37% of the change), regional (which contributes 50% of the change) and local (which contributes 13% of the change). SST measurements showed peaks in summer temperature coincident with El Niño events in 1998 and 2003. The measurements also showed a relatively-low summertime peak during 1991 in the aftermath of Iraqi invasion of Kuwait due to atmospheric dimming brought about by dense smoke that persisted in the region for most of that year. The long term trend also showed a drop in temperature after 2004 as a result of increasing dust storm frequency in the region. Air temperature was found to be the most dominant driver of seawater temperature in Kuwait Bay and operates at a regional scale. At the local scale the seawater temperature of Kuwait Bay is influenced by intertidal flat exposure time and the thermal discharge from power and desalination plants
Sea surface temperature trends in the coastal ocean
No full textSea surface temperature (SST) trends in the coastal zone are shown to be increasing at rates that exceed the global trends by up to an order of magnitude. This paper compiles some of the evidence of the trends published in the literature. The evidence suggests that urbanization in the coastal hinterland is having a direct effect on SST through increased temperatures of river and lake waters, as well as through heated run-off and thermal effluent discharges from coastal infrastructure. These local drivers of SST are compounded by regional drivers manifest as changing weather patterns (latent heat exchange) and direct radiative heating of shallow coastal waters (particularly in restricted embayments and seas). Thus the impact of urbanization on SST may extend well beyond the much-popularised impact of “greenhouse gasses”. The Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership Report [37] stated that our capacity to define and predict long-term coastal changes due to anthropogenic causes is “unknown” and confidence in results is “low”. This is a major barrier to planning for inevitable changes in coastal climate that are likely to take place over the coming decades
Sea surface temperature trends in Kuwait Bay, Arabian Gulf
No full textThe waters of Kuwait Bay, northern Arabian Gulf, are well mixed by macrotidal, semi-diurnal tides. Sea surface temperature (SST) is thus a good proxy of water mass temperature in the bay. The factors governing SST have been conveniently sub-divided into global, regional and local drivers. This paper provides a study on long-term drivers of temperature change in the northern Arabian Gulf: that is, factors that influence decadal changes. AVHRR (NOAA) satellite data of Kuwait Bay, collected between 1985 and 2002, show that SST has steadily increased at a rate of 0.6 (±0.3)°C/decade. This trend was three times greater than the concurrent global average. The rate of change was greatest in May and June and least during winter months. The trends defined by satellite data were substantiated by routine in situ monthly measurements of SST made in the region and were also similar to air temperature trends recorded at Kuwait airport. The monthly measurements of SST also showed a peak in summer temperature coincident with an El Niño event in 1998. A relatively low summertime peak during 1991 in the aftermath of Iraqi invasion of Kuwait is considered to be the result of atmospheric dimming brought about by dense smoke that persisted in the region for most of that year
Rahat al-sudur wa ayat al-surur
No full textpage, diagrams showing the derivation of cursive Arabic latters from the module of the circle and its diameter subdivided by dot
Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→K0Sπ+ and B+→K0SK+
Get PDFAn analysis of B+ → K0
Sπ+ and B+ → K0
S K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp
collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−1 and 2 fb−1 collected at centre-ofmass
energies of
√
s = 7 TeV and
√
s = 8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the
direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+ → K0
S K+
)/B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = 0.064 ± 0.009 (stat.) ±
0.004 (syst.), ACP(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = −0.022 ± 0.025 (stat.) ± 0.010 (syst.) and ACP(B+ → K0
S K+
) =
−0.21 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.). The data sample taken at
√
s = 7 TeV is used to search for
B+
c
→ K0
S K+ decays and results in the upper limit ( fc · B(B+
c
→ K0
S K+
))/( fu · B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
)) <
5.8 × 10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fc and fu denote the hadronisation fractions of a ¯b
quark
into a B+
c or a B+ meson, respectively
Discusiones sobre la teología de al-Bāqillānī en el Magreb: el Tasdīd fī šarḥ al-Tamhīd de ‘Abd al-Ŷalīl b. Abī Bakr al-Dībāŷī al-raba‘ī
Get PDF[EN] This paper presents a unique manuscript copy of a fifth/eleventh-century Maghribī commentary on al-Bāqillānī’s Kitāb al-Tamhīd. The work, entitled al-Tasdīd fī sharḥ al-Tamhīd, was written by ‘Abd al-Jalīl b. Abī Bakr alDībājī —also known as Ibn al-Ṣābūnī— who had studied the Kitāb al-Tamhīd with al-Bāqillānī’s disciples in Qayrawān. The present study first reviews the transmission of alBāqillānī’s work to the Islamic west. It then continues to present the author of the commentary, to reconstruct the work’s genesis and to describe its content. The final section focuses on a sample chapter and argues that alDībājī follows al-Bāqillānī’s later position on a specific theory —the so-called theory of aḥwāl— of which the Tamhīd strongly disapproved. The Tasdīd is one of the oldest texts of Maghribī Ash‘arism that has come down to us and provides valuable new insights into the school’s early history in the Islamic west[ES] En este artículo presentamos un manuscrito único de un comentario magrebí del Kitāb alTamhīd de al-Bāqillānī datado en elsiglo V/XI. La obra se titula al-Tasdīd fīšarḥ al-Tamhīd escrita por ‘Abd al-Ŷalīl b. Abī Bakr al-Dībāŷī —también conocido como Ibn al-Ṣābūnī—quien estudió el Tamhīd con otros discípulos de al-Bāqillānī en Qayrawān. El presente estudio revisa el proceso de transmisión de la obra de al-Bāqillānī en el Occidente Islámico. Después continúa presentando al autor del comentario, reconstruyendo la génesis del texto y describiendo su contenido. La sección final escoge un capítulo del texto que se ha seleccionado para demostrar cómo al-Dībāŷī sigue la posición tardía de al-Bāqillānī con respecto a la llamada teoría de los aḥwāl- duramente criticada en el Tamhīd. El Tasdīd constituye uno de los textos más antiguos del aš‘arismo magrebí que ha llegado hasta nosotros, ofreciéndonos nuevas y valiosas perspectivas sobre la historia de esta escuela teológica en el Occidente islámicoThe research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 624808 and the Spanish government’s Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC-2015-18346) awarded to Jan Thiele. Hassan Ansari wishes to thank the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton for granting him a Long-Term Membership during the preparation of this paper.Peer reviewe
sj-docx-1-jicm-10.1177_08850666211053548 - Supplemental material for The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cohort Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-jicm-10.1177_08850666211053548 for The Role of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cohort Study by Khalid Al Sulaiman, Ohoud Aljuhani, Kholoud Al Aamer, Omar Al Shaya, Abdulrahman Al Shaya, Alawi S. Alsaeedi, Alaa Alhubaishi, Ali F. Altebainawi, Alaa Al Harthi, Shorouq Albelwi, Rahaf Almutairi, Norah Alsubaie, Alanoud Alsallum, Ghazwa B. Korayem, Amjaad Alfahed, Raed Kensara, Elaf F. Altebainawi, Raghdah S. Alenezi, Thamer Alsulaiman, Huda Al Enazi, Ramesh Vishwakarma, Tarek Al Dabbagh, Umar Bakhsh and Ghassan Al Ghamdi in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine</p
A critical edition of "Al-Kawkab al-durri al-mustakhraj min kalam al-nabi" by Ahmad b. Macadd b. cIsa b. Wakil al-Tujibi al-Uqlishi
Get PDFThis thesis consists principally of an edition of al-Kawkab al-durri al-mustakhraj min kalam al-Nabi by Ahmad b. Macadd al-Uqlishi, a muhaddith of the 5th century A. H. This is a work in which Prophetic ahadith are collected and arranged in alphabetical order according to the initial letter of the first word, rather than in sections according to the subject matter. In addition to the edition itself, there is a brief introduction, in which an attempt is made to establish the main facts concerning the author, his dates, his education, his works and so on. It would seem that he was one of the first, if not the first, to adopt the alphabetical arrangement of ahadith, an arrangement that later enjoyed a considerable popularity, particularly in the West, as a means of simplifying the verification of the transmission, and of the precise wording, of ahadith, particularly for the non-specialist. A later work with which it is inevitable that al-Kawkab al-durri must be compared is al-Suyuti's al-Jamic al-saghir. If this is done, the former is clearly greatly at a disadvantage; the latter is a far more comprehensive and useful work. However, regard must be had to the chronology; for its early date, al-Kawkab al-durri represents a considerable achievement, and al-Uqlishi was clearly a man of scholarship and erudition. It is to be hoped that this edition will make at least a modest contribution to the study of hadith
Critical edition of Muhammad Al-Tayyib's manuscript "Travel to Hijaz" : annotated and authenticated
No full textOne of the outstanding scholars of the field of Moroccan travel literature was Muh?ammad b. Muh?ammad al-T?ayyib b. Muh?ammad b. Musa b. Muh?ammad al-Sharqi al-Sumayli, al-Fasi al-Madani. Born in the city of Fez in 1110/1698. He studied with some of the most known scholars of Morocco at that time including Abu al-cAbbas Ah?mad al-Misnawi, Abu cAbdullah Muh?ammad al-Misnawi, Abu al-cAbbas Ah?mad al-Fasi and Abu T?ahir Muhammad al-Kurani. Having acquired his early education in his home country he emigrated eastward to Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and finally to Medinah where he died in 1170/1756 after living and teaching there for many years.It is not surprising then that this great scholar left behind him a treasure of works in a variety of fields; indeed we find Ibn al-T?ayyib wrote many works, including four in jurisprudence, three in h?adith and sixteen in grammar and in linguistics. Despite this however many of his academic contributions remain in manuscript form and therefore are inaccessible to the greater majority.One such work is “Rih?lah il a al-H?ijaz,” which is particularly important to the field of travel literature as it represents a major contribution. This is because Ibn al-T?ayyib came relatively late, historically, compared to other travel writers. In addition, it contains many minute details, which the author took care to record during his journey from place to place. It also contains accounts of everything he saw and his comments regarding the social, economic and political conditions of the countries he visited, as well as comments about the scholars whom he was able to meet. This work is important also because it is considered the most important reference for the author’s life, culture and is an important literary reference in terms of the poetry and prose, classical and modern, eastern and western, that it contains. In addition it accounts for both literary and religious scholars, the linguistic derivations of geographical names and draws attention to the mistakes of those who wrote about them before him. Bearing in mind the great significance of this work from a variety of aspects this thesis involves the complete revision, editing, annotation and authentication of the manuscript including the correction of missing characters and providing available information and biographical notes on the text
A study and edition of Imām Abd al-Azīz b. Alī b. al-Izz al-Baghdādī al-Bakrī al-Ḥanbalī al-Maqdisī : Junnat al-Ṣābirīn al-Abrār Wa Jannat al-Mutawakkilīn al-Akhyār
Get PDFA valuable manuscript written on 266 pages by Imam 'Abd al-'Az-iz b. 'All b. al-'Izz
al-Baghdad7i al-Bakr-i al-Uanball al-Maqdis! (770-846 AH / 1369-1443 CE) Chief
Justice of Holy Jerusalem. The original manuscript is available at the Arab Academy
of Knowledge, Damascus and a copy at Jum'ah Al-Majid Centre for Culture and
Heritage, Dubai.
The author gathered all verses of patience and trust in Allah and explained them. He
derived evidence from the Prophet's tradition, companions, and successors. He cited
incidents of the Prophet's biography underlining the value of patience and trust in
Allah as an ethical tenet which all heavenly doctrines preach and which the
magnanimous Islamic doctrine has adopted as a basic principle of its mission. The
book could be classified as an objective exegesis and represents a comprehensive and
unprecedented study.
This research is divided into two sections: Study and Revision. The study contains an
introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction I discuss the
subject's importance, selection motive, objectives, former studies, and difficulties
encountered. The first chapter is specified for the author's biography: His time and
life. The second chapter contains the description, study, and manuscript criticism;
divided into two topics: Study of the book and my work in the revision. The
conclusion sums up the results, proposals, and recommendations. Selected samples of
manuscript sheets are appended.
The revision section was accurately completed using an objective scholarly method to
regulate the text, supply punctuation marks, number pages, rewrite text in accordance
with modem rules of dictation, locate suras and verses, refer Had-iths to their sources,
explain vague utterances, conform Qur'anic texts to Uthmani scripture, define idioms,
verify jurisprudence issues, correct grammatical mistakes, and describe eminent
persons and places. The revision is concluded with general technical indexes
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