1,720,994 research outputs found
Pendekatan Sosioekonomi Pertanian Berkelanjutan
No full textSustainable agriculture is an alternatif choice to replace the unwise west type agriculture with high chemical input, but the strategy and the technology to be implemented is not ready due to the varied environment. Sustainable agriculture should consider four aspects i.e. ecology/technology, financial/economic, human! institution, and combined. The problem of natural resource and environment in Indonesia is the consequence of several trends, like population growth, deforestation for expanding agricultural land, rapid economic growth in the last three decades, over centralized development planning, and focusing economic development in Java. The dilemma between economic growth and degradation of natural resource base is not always a problem. There should be a new paradigm in the approach of the agricultural development to be long term approach considering to synchronize the conservation of natural resources and the economic development. The new paradigm of the synchronized growth and environment needs to lower the population growth, to maintain the production increase, to lessen the environment impact, to change the human perception, to respect the ecosystems integrity, and to optimize the complementary effects to environment improvement and socioeconomic development. Farming System Development and Farming System Research as holistic approaches are expected can be used to facilitate the production objective and the natural resource conservation objective in agricultural development Simulation model on each agroecological as well as socioeconomic zone can be developed on a farm-household modelKey words: Socioeconomic, sustainable agriculture, conservation of natural resourc
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KONTROL SUHU MENGGUNAKAN DIMMER DAN MONITORING DENGAN HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE (HMI) PADA ALAT PENETAS TELUR OTOMATIS BERBASIS PLC SCHNEIDER
Full text linkABSTRAK
Pada umumnya masyarakat dipedesaan menetaskan telurnya dengan ala
kadarnya, yaitu dengan menetaskan telur dengan dierami indukannya secara
langsung, sehingga perkembangbiakannya kurang maksimal. Sistem peneta san
telur secara tradisional dengan menggunakan idukan alami ini dirasa kurang
efektif. Cara ini tidak bisa diandalkan jika dijadikan sebagai sumber penghasilan.
Dengan demikian dapat diciptakan sesuatu alat yang dapat menetaskan telur
secara otomatis, dimana alat tersebut dapat mengontrol tinggi rendahnya suhu
sesuai dengan setting point yang telah ditentukan. Oleh sebab itu, kecanggihan
teknologi dalam dunia perindustrian dimasa sekarang ini, banyak HMI (Human
Machine Interface) seperti Movicon 11.5 dengan sistem tersebut dapat digunakan
untuk memonitoring kondisi suhu dan hal lainnya. Kebanyakan HMI biasanya
dalam penggunaannya diperlukan juga PLC ( Programmable Logic Controller)
sebagai otak untuk pengontrolannya, PLC yang digunakan kali ini yaitu PLC
Schneider Modicon M221CE16R. Dengan kedua piranti tersebut dapat
mengembangkan suatu alat penetas telur secara otomatis yang dapat mengontrol
suhu yang diperlukan untuk menetaskan telur sesuai dengan suhu yang pada
indukan ayam. Dan hasil dari alat tersebut dapat dikatakan akurasi karena suhu
yang dihasilkan untuk keperluan penetasan telur adalah 37°C sampai 39°C, dan
apabila suhu diatas 39°C maka lampu akan meredup, begitu juga ketika suhu
dibawah 37°C maka lampu akan menyala secara maksimal. Dan dari uji coba
dimmer yang telah dilakukan yaitu ketika suhu dibawah 37°C tegangan yang
dikeluarkan dimmer 220V AC, untuk suhu 37°C - 39°C tegangan yang
dikeluarkan dimmer 165V AC, dan untuk suhu 40°C maka tegangan yang
dikeluarkan dimmer sebesar 115V AC. Dan dari uji coba yang telah dilakukan
didapatkan hasil penetasan yang berhasil sebesar 86,67% dan yang gagal menetas
sebesar 13,33%. Dengan alat penetas telur otomatis ini masyarakat atau industri
tidak perlu susah payah untuk menetaskan telur nantinya .
Kata kunci: penetas telur otomatis, programmable logic controller (PLC),
movicon 11.5, dimmer.
ABSTRACT
In general, the rural communities hatch their livestock eggs with perfection, which
is by hatching the eggs directly by the broodstock so that the breeding is not
optimal. The traditional egg hatching system using natural broodstock is
considered less effective. This method cannot be relied upon if it is used as a
source of income. Thus, a device can be created that can hatch e ggs automatically,
in which the device can control the high and low temp erature according to the set
point. Therefore, technological sophistication in the industrial world today such as
HMI (Human Machine Interfaces) like Movicon 11.5 can be used to monitor
temperature conditions and other things. Most HMIs usually use PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller) as the brain for its control. PLC used in this
research is PLC Schneider Modicon M221CE16R. Both devices can develop an
egg incubator automatically which can control the needed temperature to incubate
the eggs according to the temperature of the broodstock. The result of using the
device is accurate because the temperature produced for hatching eggs is 37 ° C to
39 ° C and if the temperature is above 39 ° C, the lights will fade, as well as when
the temperature is below 37 ° C, the lights will turn on to the maximum. And from
the dimmer trials that have been carried out namely the temperature compilation
below 37 ° C the voltage released dimmer 220V AC, for a temperature of 37 ° C -39 ° C the voltage that receives a dimmer 165V AC, and for a temperature of 40 °
C then the voltage that is received by the dimmer is 115V AC. From the trials that
have been carried out, the results of successful hatching are 86.67%, and those
that are failed to hatch are 13.33%. With this automatic egg incubator, people or
industries do not need to bother to hatch eggs later.
Keywords: automatic egg incubator, programmable logic controller (PLC),
movicon 11.5, dimmer
KNOWLEDGE AS DETERMINANTS INCREASE CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIORS AMONG STUDENTS IN GENERAL PRIMARY SCHOOL 07 LANDAU-LEBAN SUB DISTRICT MELAWI IN 2015
Full text linkBackground: Clean and Healthy Lifestyle (CHLB) is an attempt to empower students, teachers and schools to know, understand and be able to practice CHLB and play an active role in creating a healthy behavior in school. The preliminary data survey indicated a needs to improve CHLB behavior among children in General Primary School 07 Landau-Leban Sub District Melawi.
Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between gender, age, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and also the roles of teachers, parents and the School Health Unit (UKS) to CHLB in SDN 07 Landau-Leban Melawi West Kalimantan in 2015.
Methods: The study design was cross-sectional study. The population in this study was 82 students of class IV, V and VI. The statistical test used Chi Square and Multiple Logistic Regression. During data collection, two teachers assisted the programs to the students.
Results: This study showed that 45 students (54.9%) have low CHLB behavior. This behavior is related to knowledge, attitude and role of the teacher. The most dominant variable related to CHLB is knowledge (OR 5.434)
Conclusion: Students with high knowledge tend to have more than 5 times greater CHLB. The findings suggest a need to increase students' knowledge of CHLB in the form of counseling, provision of facilities and infrastructure (sink, anti-septic, healthy canteen, bins, and promotional media such as posters). Improving CHLB to the students requires school's support to provide training incorporated with relevant health facilities
IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN LEAN MANUFACTURING DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE DI INDUSTRI FARMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PROSES PRODUKSI
No full textThe development of the pharmaceutical industry in particular and the industrial world in general has forced the industry to apply production efficiency principles. The Lean Manufacturing approach is an operational strategy that is oriented towards achieving the shortest possible cycle time by eliminating waste, a production system capable of increasing value added. This review article aims to provide an overview of the application of Lean Manufacturing which can reduce waste so as to increase the effectiveness of the production process in the pharmaceutical industry. The preparation of this article review was carried out by searching the literature online. In the results of the review, there are several methods discussed regarding methods in the Lean Manufacturing approach, namely Six Sigma, Value Stream Mapping (VSM), Single Minute of Exchange Die (SMED), and Takt Tim
Klaim Moisturizer terhadap Xerosis Cutis
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan menyintesis berbagai literatur terkait klaim moisturizer dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis, yang merupakan kondisi kulit kering yang umum dihadapi oleh banyak individu. Metode studi yang digunakan adalah sistem review literatur, yang mencakup pencarian berbagai sumber informasi dari jurnal ilmiah, publikasi terverifikasi, dan buku-buku teks terkait topik tersebut. Hasil dari analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa klaim moisturizer sebagai terapi untuk xerosis cutis didukung oleh banyak penelitian dan pengalaman klinis. Penggunaan moisturizer telah terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kelembaban kulit, mengurangi kekeringan, dan meningkatkan fungsi pelindung kulit. Beberapa studi juga menyoroti manfaat tambahan seperti peningkatan elastisitas kulit dan penundaan proses penuaan kulit. Dalam konteks ini, ditemukan bahwa pemilihan jenis moisturizer yang sesuai dan tepat adalah kunci kesuksesan terapi. Beberapa produk dengan kandungan bahan aktif tertentu, seperti humektan, emolien, dan ceramide, telah menunjukkan keefektifan dalam meningkatkan kondisi kulit yang kering dan mengurangi gejala xerosis cutis. Meskipun klaim positif terkait moisturizer dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis telah banyak dilaporkan, penting untuk diingat bahwa respons individual terhadap produk dapat bervariasi. Beberapa faktor seperti jenis kulit, kondisi medis tambahan, dan lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi hasil terapi. Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan analisis literatur dalam studi sistem review ini, moisturizer telah terbukti sebagai terapi yang efektif dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis dan meningkatkan kesehatan kulit secara keseluruhan. Namun, perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut dan studi klinis yang lebih mendalam untuk mendukung temuan ini dan mengidentifikasi solusi yang lebih spesifik dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan individu.This study aims to review and synthesize various literature related to claims of moisturizers in treating xerosis cutis, which is a common dry skin condition faced by many individuals. The study method used is a literature review system, which includes searching for various sources of information from scientific journals, verified publications, and text books related to the topic. The results of the literature analysis show that the claim of moisturizer as a therapy for xerosis cutis is supported by many studies and clinical experiences. The use of a moisturizer has been proven effective in increasing skin moisture, reducing dryness, and increasing the skin's protective function. Several studies have also highlighted additional benefits such as increased skin elasticity and delayed skin aging process. In this context, it was found that selecting the appropriate and appropriate type of moisturizer is the key to successful therapy. Several products containing certain active ingredients, such as humectants, emollients, and ceramides, have shown effectiveness in improving dry skin conditions and reducing the symptoms of xerosis cutis. Although many positive claims regarding moisturizer in treating xerosis cutis have been reported, it is important to remember that individual responses to products may vary. Several factors such as skin type, additional medical conditions, and environment can affect the outcome of therapy. Overall, based on the analysis of the literature in this review system study, moisturizer has been proven to be an effective therapy in treating xerosis cutis and improving overall skin health. However, further research and in-depth clinical studies are needed to support these findings and identify more specific and individualized solutions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Systematic Review : Metode dan Aplikasi Mikroenkapsulasi pada Ekstrak Bahan Alam
No full textABSTRACT Natural extracts have potential in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics, and clinical applications because they are safe, non-toxic, and have relatively low side effects. Unfavorable taste and odor and stability problems are their disadvantages. The solution to these problems is microencapsulation technology. Microencapsulation is a technology that involves covering or coating a core substance with a polymer wall layer, resulting in micro-sized particles. The benefits of microencapsulation can protect compounds from various environmental factors such as oxidation, degradation, temperature, humidity, and light, thereby extending the shelf life of the product, improving the stability of active ingredients, preventing loss of activity, masking aromatic flavors and odors, improving the stability of volatile compounds and increasing bioavailability. The purpose of this review is to gather information about the application of microencapsulation to natural extracts and what the results of microencapsulation are. The literature review was conducted through Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and the literature selection was done using the PRISMA Flow Chart. This review results in microencapsulation technology for natural extracts made by ionic gelation, spray wet microencapsulation (SWM), solvent evaporation, freeze drying, fluid bed, and spray drying. Each method has a unique way of protecting the core substance with a polymer layer, resulting in useful microcapsules such as to reduce moisture, obtain suitable physicochemical characteristics, good flow rate, retain bioactive compounds, lower hygroscopicity, improve stability, increase shelf life, increase solubility, taste masking, maintain antioxidant content and pharmacological activity of natural ingredient extracts. This means the use of microencapsulation technology promises to improve the utilization of natural extracts in various pharmaceutical industries, cosmetics, and clinical applications. Keywords: Microencapsulation, Natural extracts, Methods, Applications ABSTRAK Ekstrak bahan alam memiliki potensi dalam industri farmasi, kosmetik dan aplikasi klinis karena aman, tidak beracun dan efek samping relative rendah. tetapi kelemahannya yaitu rasa dan bau yang tidak disukai serta masalah stabilitas. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah teknologi mikroenkapsulasi. Mikroenkapsulasi adalah teknologi yang melibatkan penyalutan atau pelapisan zat inti oleh lapisan dinding polimer, menghasilkan partikel-partikel dengan ukuran mikro. Keunggulan mikroenkapsulasi dapat melindungi senyawa dari berbagai faktor lingkungan seperti oksidasi, degradasi, suhu, kelembaban, dan cahaya, sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpan produk, meningkatkan stabilitas bahan aktif, mencegah penurunan aktivitas, menutupi bau dan rasa, stabilitas dan bioavabilitas senyawa meningkat. Tujuan riview ini yaitu mengumpulkan informasi terkait aplikasi mikroenkapsulasi terhadap ekstrak bahan alam serta apa hasil dari mikroenkapsulasi tersebut. Kajian literatur dilakukan melalui database Google Scholar dan PubMed dengan seleksi literatur menggunakan Flow Diagram PRISMA. Hasil dari riview ini teknologi mikroenkapsulasi pada ekstrak bahan alam bisa dibuat dengan metode ionic gelation, spray wet microencapsulation (SWM), solvent evaporation, freeze drying, fluid bed, dan spray drying. Setiap metode memiliki cara unik dalam melindungi zat inti dengan lapisan polimer, sehingga menghasilkan mikrokapsul yang berguna seperti untuk mengurangi kelembaban, mendapatkan karakteristik fisikokimia yang sesuai, laju alir yang baik, mempertahankan senyawa bioaktif, menurunkan higroskopisitas, meningkatkan stabilitas, meningkatkan umur simpan, meningkatkan kelarutan, menutupi rasa, menjaga kandungan antioksidan dan aktivitas farmakologi ekstrak bahan alam. Penggunaan teknologi mikroenkapsulasi menjanjikan peningkatan dalam pemanfaatan ekstrak bahan alam dalam berbagai industri farmasi, kosmetik dan aplikasi klinis. Kata Kunci: Aplikasi, Ekstrak Bahan Alam, Metode, Mikroenkapsulasi
Klaim Moisturizer terhadap Xerosis Cutis
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau dan menyintesis berbagai literatur terkait klaim moisturizer dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis, yang merupakan kondisi kulit kering yang umum dihadapi oleh banyak individu. Metode studi yang digunakan adalah sistem review literatur, yang mencakup pencarian berbagai sumber informasi dari jurnal ilmiah, publikasi terverifikasi, dan buku-buku teks terkait topik tersebut. Hasil dari analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa klaim moisturizer sebagai terapi untuk xerosis cutis didukung oleh banyak penelitian dan pengalaman klinis. Penggunaan moisturizer telah terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kelembaban kulit, mengurangi kekeringan, dan meningkatkan fungsi pelindung kulit. Beberapa studi juga menyoroti manfaat tambahan seperti peningkatan elastisitas kulit dan penundaan proses penuaan kulit. Dalam konteks ini, ditemukan bahwa pemilihan jenis moisturizer yang sesuai dan tepat adalah kunci kesuksesan terapi. Beberapa produk dengan kandungan bahan aktif tertentu, seperti humektan, emolien, dan ceramide, telah menunjukkan keefektifan dalam meningkatkan kondisi kulit yang kering dan mengurangi gejala xerosis cutis. Meskipun klaim positif terkait moisturizer dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis telah banyak dilaporkan, penting untuk diingat bahwa respons individual terhadap produk dapat bervariasi. Beberapa faktor seperti jenis kulit, kondisi medis tambahan, dan lingkungan dapat mempengaruhi hasil terapi. Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan analisis literatur dalam studi sistem review ini, moisturizer telah terbukti sebagai terapi yang efektif dalam mengatasi xerosis cutis dan meningkatkan kesehatan kulit secara keseluruhan. Namun, perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut dan studi klinis yang lebih mendalam untuk mendukung temuan ini dan mengidentifikasi solusi yang lebih spesifik dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan individu.This study aims to review and synthesize various literature related to claims of moisturizers in treating xerosis cutis, which is a common dry skin condition faced by many individuals. The study method used is a literature review system, which includes searching for various sources of information from scientific journals, verified publications, and text books related to the topic. The results of the literature analysis show that the claim of moisturizer as a therapy for xerosis cutis is supported by many studies and clinical experiences. The use of a moisturizer has been proven effective in increasing skin moisture, reducing dryness, and increasing the skin's protective function. Several studies have also highlighted additional benefits such as increased skin elasticity and delayed skin aging process. In this context, it was found that selecting the appropriate and appropriate type of moisturizer is the key to successful therapy. Several products containing certain active ingredients, such as humectants, emollients, and ceramides, have shown effectiveness in improving dry skin conditions and reducing the symptoms of xerosis cutis. Although many positive claims regarding moisturizer in treating xerosis cutis have been reported, it is important to remember that individual responses to products may vary. Several factors such as skin type, additional medical conditions, and environment can affect the outcome of therapy. Overall, based on the analysis of the literature in this review system study, moisturizer has been proven to be an effective therapy in treating xerosis cutis and improving overall skin health. However, further research and in-depth clinical studies are needed to support these findings and identify more specific and individualized solutions
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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