71 research outputs found
PEMBENTUKAN VARIETAS SIRSAK UNGGUL MELALUI PEMULIAAN POLIPLOIDI: INDUKSI POLIPLOIDI TANAMAN SIRSAK DENGAN KOLKISIN
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan membentuk sirsak unggul melalui serangkaian penelitian pemuliaan poliploidi secara bertahap; tahap pertama bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh perlakukan kolkisin terhadap fenotipe dan jumlah kromosom bibit sirsak sekaligus membentuk tanaman sirsak poliploid. Penelitian dilakukan melalui percobaan berulangan untuk menguji pengaruh perlakukan kolkisin (0,10%, 0,15%, dan kontrol/tanpa kolkisin) terhadap fenotipe bibit dan jumlah kromosom sirsak. Variabel-variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan kromosom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perlakukan kolkisin 0,1 % dan 0,15 % tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun pada pertumbuhan awal (vegetatif), belum terindentifikasi tanaman poliploid berdasar pengamatan fenotipe; (2) tanaman srikaya diploid mempunyai susunan kromosom (rumus kariotipe) 2n = 14 = 12 m + 2 sm atau n = 7 = 6 m + 1 m (terdiri atas 6 pasang kromosom metasentris, 1 pasang kromosom submetasentris)
Identifikasi Penanda Rapd Untuk Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Tanaman Salak (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.)
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Parjanto, S. Moeyopawiro, W.T. Artama, dan A. Purwantoro. 2006. Identifikasi penanda RAPD untuk penentuan jenis kelamin tanaman salak (Salacca zalacca GART. VOSS.) Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 5 (1): 57 - 63.
Adanya penanda (marker) untuk penentuan jenis kelamin pada fase bibit (vegetatif) sangat diperlukan guna mendukung studi genetika dan kegiatan pemuliaan salak (Salacca zalacca). Tanaman salak bersifat berumah dua (individu jantan dan betina terpisah) dan mencapai umur reproduktif lambat (3-4 tahun). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan penanda jenis kelamin secara molekular dengan teknik RAPD. DNA yang diekstraksi dari daun 5 tanaman salak jantan dan 5 salak betina (yang di tanam di Banguntapan, Yogyakarta) digunakan untuk analisis variasi susunan basa DNA tanaman salak jantan dan betina dengan teknik RAPD. Sebanyak 49 macam primer 10 mer (produksi Operon Technologies, California) digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA salak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa satu primer, yaitu OPP-08 (dengan sekuen ACATCGCCCA), menghasilkan fragmen DNA 400 pb spesifik pada satu jenis kelamin. Pada tanaman jantan dihasilkan fragmen tersebut, sedangkan pada tanaman betina tidak dihasilkan. Diduga bahwa fragmen DNA 400 bp hasil amplifikasi dengan primer OPP-08 (OPP-08^) terkait dengan gen-gen penentu kelamin tanaman salak. Penanda RAPD (OPP-08^ tersebut dapat digunakan untuk penentuan jenis kelamin tanaman salak pada fase bibit (vegetatif).
Kata kunci: RAPD, penanda molekular, jenis kelamin, sala
ANALISIS POLA PITA-C KROMOSOM TANAMAN SALAK JANTAN DAN BETINA (Salacca zalacca var. zalacca)
Get PDFABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to study the C-banding pattern of male and female salak chromosome and to obtain the sex marker of salak based on C-banding pattern variation. C-banding pattern of male and female of salak were observed using geimsa C-banding technique. Variation of chromosomes C-banding pattern were analyzed according to number and position of C-band of chromosomes. The results of the research showed that C-band of salak chromosom can be revealed using geimsa C-banding technique. The C-band revealed on the telomer and the centromer region. Pro-metaphase and metaphase chromosomes could be used to observe the C-band. There were no differences in C-band pattern of chromosome of male and female salak, so the sex of salak can not be identified based on the observation of C-band of chromosome. Key words: chromosome, C-banding, sex marker, salak ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pola pita-C kromosom salak jantan dan betina, selanjutnya mengidentifikasi penanda kelamin tanaman salak berdasar perbedaan pola pita-C kromosom.Tanaman salak jantan dan betina varietas pondoh asal cangkok anakan digunakan untuk mempelajari perbedaan pola pita-C. Pengamatan pita-C kromosom dilakukan dengan teknik pemitaan geimsa (geimsa C-banding technique). Analisis perbedaan pola pita-C kromosom salak jantan dan betina dilakukan berdasar jumlah dan posisi pita-C dengan membandingkan karyogram dan idiogram pita-C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pita-C kromosom salak dapat dihasilkan menggunakan metode pemitaan-C geimsa (Geimsa C-banding technique), sebagian pita-C berada pada ujung kromosom atau terletak pada daerah telomer dan sebagian yang lain terletak di daerah sentromer. Pita-C dapat dihasilkan pada kromosom metafase awal (pro metaphase) maupun kromosom metafase (late metaphase). Tidak terdapat perbedaan pola pita-C antara kromosom tanaman salak jantan dan betina, sehingga jenis kelamin tanaman salak tidak didapatkan ditentukan berdasar pola pita-C kromosom. Kata kunci: kromosom, pita-C, penanda kelamin, salak
ANALISIS POLA PITA-C KROMOSOM TANAMAN SALAK JANTAN DAN BETINA (Salacca zalacca var. zalacca) ANALYSIS OF C-BANDING CHROMOSOMES OF MALE AND FEMALE SALAK (Salacca zalacca var. zalacca)
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pola pita-C kromosom salak
jantan dan betina, selanjutnya mengidentifikasi penanda kelamin tanaman salak
berdasar perbedaan pola pita-C kromosom.Tanaman salak jantan dan betina
varietas pondoh asal cangkok anakan digunakan untuk mempelajari perbedaan
pola pita-C. Pengamatan pita-C kromosom dilakukan dengan teknik pemitaan
geimsa (geimsa C-banding technique). Analisis perbedaan pola pita-C kromosom
salak jantan dan betina dilakukan berdasar jumlah dan posisi pita-C dengan
membandingkan karyogram dan idiogram pita-C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa pita-C kromosom salak dapat dihasilkan menggunakan metode pemitaan-
C geimsa (Geimsa C-banding technique), sebagian pita-C berada pada ujung
kromosom atau terletak pada daerah telomer dan sebagian yang lain terletak di
daerah sentromer. Pita-C dapat dihasilkan pada kromosom metafase awal (pro
metaphase) maupun kromosom metafase (late metaphase). Tidak terdapat
perbedaan pola pita-C antara kromosom tanaman salak jantan dan betina,
sehingga jenis kelamin tanaman salak tidak didapatkan ditentukan berdasar pola
pita-C kromosom.
Kata kunci: kromosom, pita-C, penanda kelamin, salak
Stevia Local Tawangmangu Generation M1 Result of Oryzalin Treatment
Get PDF Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Stevia) is used in the commercial and health industries because of its steviol glycosides (stevioside, reÂbaudioside A, rebaudioside C) and flavonoids. Polyploidy induction of stevia plants using oryzalin was held to increase the diversity and produce superior varieties. This research aims to obtain stevia diverÂsity with different characteristics from its diploid. The TawangmanÂgu variety of stevia seedlings was experimentally designed using a completely random design. Nine combinations of oryzalin concentraÂtions (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5μM) and immersion times (4, 6, and 8 hours) treatments were applied to 15 stevia seedlings each. Stevia without treatment was used as a control. Treatments were applied directly to the shoots on the second internode from the tip. Observations on tarÂget shoots included the number of survivors, morphological variables (height, number of internodes, internode length, leaf size, leaf thickÂness, stem diameter, and leaf color), stomata, and plant ploidy level. Data analysis on the number of live plants used frequency and deÂscriptively. Morphological data consisting of plant height, number of shoots, number of internodes, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, and stem diameter were analyzed using boxplot graphs and descriptive to describe the diversity of M1 stevia treatment reÂsults. Leaf color and stomata were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that up to 3.5μM concentrations of oryzalin and 6 hours of immersion time were safe to use as a mutation agent with above 67% survival rate. Various oryzalin treatments of Tawangmangu stevia vaÂrieties yielded polyploidy morphological growth indications in height, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, leaf size, leaf thickness, leaf color, stomata, and stem diameter. In addition, there are growth variations such as chimeras, rosettes, and leaf splitting. However, further flow cytometry tests showed that oryzalin concenÂtration and immersion duration directly on the vegetative material did not produce polyploid stevia individuals
Stevia Local Tawangmangu Generation M1 Result of Oryzalin Treatment
Get PDF Stevia rebaudiana Bert. (Stevia) is used in the commercial and health industries because of its steviol glycosides (stevioside, reÂbaudioside A, rebaudioside C) and flavonoids. Polyploidy induction of stevia plants using oryzalin was held to increase the diversity and produce superior varieties. This research aims to obtain stevia diverÂsity with different characteristics from its diploid. The TawangmanÂgu variety of stevia seedlings was experimentally designed using a completely random design. Nine combinations of oryzalin concentraÂtions (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5μM) and immersion times (4, 6, and 8 hours) treatments were applied to 15 stevia seedlings each. Stevia without treatment was used as a control. Treatments were applied directly to the shoots on the second internode from the tip. Observations on tarÂget shoots included the number of survivors, morphological variables (height, number of internodes, internode length, leaf size, leaf thickÂness, stem diameter, and leaf color), stomata, and plant ploidy level. Data analysis on the number of live plants used frequency and deÂscriptively. Morphological data consisting of plant height, number of shoots, number of internodes, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, and stem diameter were analyzed using boxplot graphs and descriptive to describe the diversity of M1 stevia treatment reÂsults. Leaf color and stomata were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that up to 3.5μM concentrations of oryzalin and 6 hours of immersion time were safe to use as a mutation agent with above 67% survival rate. Various oryzalin treatments of Tawangmangu stevia vaÂrieties yielded polyploidy morphological growth indications in height, number of internodes, internode length, stem diameter, leaf size, leaf thickness, leaf color, stomata, and stem diameter. In addition, there are growth variations such as chimeras, rosettes, and leaf splitting. However, further flow cytometry tests showed that oryzalin concenÂtration and immersion duration directly on the vegetative material did not produce polyploid stevia individuals
Peningkatan Ragam Genetik melalui Pemanfaatan Mutagen Kimiawi ke Arah Sifat Infertilitas Biji Salak (Salacca zalacca Gaertner Voss)
Get PDFKata kunci: Ragam genetik, infertilitas, salak
Penelitian multi tahun selama tiga tahun. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian adalah menghasilkan tanaman buah salak tanpa biji (biji infertil). Target tahun pertama adalah mendapatkan peningkatan ragam buah salak kearah infertilitas biji. Target tahun kedua adalah mendapatkan penanda sifat infertilitas biji secara morfologi dan sitologi dan Target tahun ketiga adalah mendapatkan penanda sifat infertilitas biji melalui penanda RAPD.
Metode penelitian lapangan (tahun pertama) disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor perlakuan mutagen kimia (kolkisin dan EMS) pada polen bunga jantan salak. Penelitian laboratorium (tahun kedua) meliputi identifikasi morfologi dan sitologi dan penelitian tahun ketiga adalah melakukan identifikai molekuler-RAPD untuk sifat infertilitas biji salak.
Hasil penelitian selain ditemukannya tanaman buah tanpa biji juga diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan ilmiah dalam usaha peningkatan ragam genetik tanaman kearah sifat buah tanpa biji pada buahan tropika lain selain salak. Penelitian ini ditargetkan untuk mendapatkan materi yang dapat dijadikan karya ilmiah dalam penyusunan buku-buku ilmiah serta jurnal-jurnal terakreditasi
Performance and Selection of Mutant Black Rice with High Lignin
Get PDFEating black rice can avoid the risk, reduce insulin in the body, bind free radicals, and reduce weight. However, black rice still has disadvantages, like long life, tall stems, less resistance to pests and diseases, and low yields. Activities were carried out from August 2023 to November 2023 in Pakahan Village, Jogonalan, Klaten. The planting materials used were selected M3 mutant black rice seeds irradiated with 200 Gy gamma rays and Cempo Ireng black rice as a control plant. Planting used a randomized complete block design without replication with the pedigree selection method. The parameters measured were harvest age, plant height, productive tillers, and seed weight per plant. Descriptive analysis was used and a 5% level T test was carried out to compare the characteristics of the M4 genotype with the control (without irradiation). The research results showed that 12 individuals containing high lignin were selected which could be further developed for the next generation.
Evaluasi seleksi massa pada jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt) dengan model modifikasi analisis dialel
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