Jurnal Biodjati
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Herpetofauna Community in The Karst Area of Pucung Village, Eromoko District, Wonogiri Regency
Full text linkPucung Village is located in Eromoko District, Wonogiri Regency, part of the Gunung Sewu karst area with diverse biodiversity, including herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles). Limited information on the distribution patterns and abundance of herpetofauna is the focus of this study. This study examined herpetofauna diversity across three habitat types (river, forest, and field). Using Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) and line transects, 455 individuals from 19 species (10 families, 2 orders) were recorded. Forests exhibited the highest species diversity (H’ = 2.152 in Mijil, 1.873 in Dunggudel) and richness (R = 2.962 in Mijil, 2.392 in Dunggudel), attributed to structural complexity and niche availability. Fields showed high abundance but low diversity, dominated by Fejervarya cancrivora and Fejervarya limnocharis, indicating anthropogenic influence. River habitats displayed intermediate diversity, with variability linked to water quality and disturbance levels. Species similarity between habitats was moderate (53%), with the highest overlap between river and field habitats (72.73% in Mijil). Dispersed distribution patterns were observed, driven by water availability during the rainy season. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) revealed that water pH, temperature, and humidity significantly influenced herpetofauna presence, particularly for amphibians in field habitats. Future research should incorporate functional diversity metrics and long-term monitoring to assess climate and land-use effects
Effects of Herring Fillets and By-Products on Protein Digestibility, Hematology, and Blood Biochemistry in Rats
No full textProtein bioavailability and digestibility are critical for animal growth and health and are influenced by source and processing methods. This study investigated the effects of diets incorporating processed Clupea harengus (herring) fillets and by-products (heads, bones, viscera) prepared by charcoal, wood, or poaching on growth performance, protein quality, hematology, and blood biochemistry in Wistar rats. Forty rats were randomly allocated to eight dietary groups: charcoal-smoked fillet (CSFBD), wood-smoked fillet (WSFBD), poached fillet (PFD), charcoal-smoked by-products (CSHB), wood-smoked by-products (WSHB), poached by-products (PSF), soybean-based positive control, and basal negative control. Diets were fed for 28 days. Smoked by-product diets (CSHB and WSHB) produced significantly higher final body weights (120.86 ± 0.68 g and 105.52 ± 19.94 g) and weight gains (9.14 ± 1.39 g, p ≤ 0.05) than the basal diet (59.55 ± 1.37 g and 5.35 ± 0.25 g). Smoked diets improved feed intake, feed conversion ratio, apparent protein digestibility, and biological value. Hematological parameters remained within physiological ranges across groups; the soybean diet showed the highest RBC (7.8 × 10¹²/L) and hemoglobin (16.3 g/dL), whereas smoked fish diets recorded slightly lower but normal values (RBC 7.0-7.5 × 10¹²/L; hemoglobin 14-15 g/dL). Biochemical profiles revealed that smoked diets reduced serum triglycerides and creatinine, suggesting enhanced lipid metabolism and renal function. Smoking significantly improves the nutritional quality of Clupea harengus fillets and by-products, making them practical, safe, and growth-promoting protein sources for animal nutrition. Inclusion of smoked fish by-products offers a sustainable alternative to conventional plant proteins while supporting metabolic and systemic healt
Assessing the Ecological Status of the Curug Tilu Leuwi Opat Waterfall Using Macroinvertebrates and Physicochemical Parameters
No full textAnthropogenic activities increasingly threaten freshwater availability. The Curug Tilu Leuwi Opat waterfall in the Cimahi River, an important water source for surrounding communities and a popular tourist site, requires an ecological assessment to support effective water management. This study aims to provide an initial overview of the ecological status of waters through an integrative approach that combines benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters. Sampling was conducted in two waterfall streams, Kacapi and Aseupan, which are part of the Curug Tilu Leuwi Opat waterfall system. Physicochemical parameters measured included temperature, flow velocity, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and total dissolved solids. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected using a Surber net and identified to the lowest feasible taxonomic level, typically morphospecies with some taxa at the family level, and subsequently analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener index, Simpson’s dominance, the Family Biotic Index (FBI), and Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Results indicated excellent water quality (FBI at Kacapi = 4.17; Aseupan = 4.24), driven by the presence of pollution-sensitive taxa from Leptophlebiidae, Tipulidae, and Perlidae, while the slightly higher FBI at Aseupan reflected several moderately tolerant families such as Physidae and Simuliidae. Benthic macroinvertebrate diversity was moderate with no dominant species, indicating stable community structure. Most measured parameters that met established standards met Class I criteria, while dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and flow velocity emerged as the dominant variables shaping community structure. Overall, the aquatic ecological status was excellent, highlighting the role of aquatic biodiversity as a scientific basis for sustainable environmental managemen
Insect Diversity and Visitation Patterns on Nephelium ramboutan-ake in Mekarsari, Bogor
No full textInformation on flower-visiting insects, especially pollinators of the pulasan plant (Nephelium ramboutan-ake), a species that tends to cross-pollinate, is essential for increasing fruit production. Unfortunately, there is minimal information on flower-visiting insects associated with pulasan. This research aimed to study the diversity and abundance of visiting insects on pulasan in the Mekarsari Fruit Garden, Bogor. Observations of insects were conducted using the fixed sample method, with samples taken every 20 minutes through direct observation from 06:00 am to 02:00 pm during the flowering period. Results showed that 24 insect species, belonging to 24 genera across six orders, visited the pulasan, with the order Diptera being the most dominant among the visiting insects. The potential insect species as pollinators of pulasan were Lathyrophthalmus sp. and Amata huebneri. Knowledge about flower-visiting insects plays an important role in the conservation of insects—especially pollinators—as well as the pulasan plant, a local species
Feeding Rates of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Fed on Palm Kernel Meal and Bovine Blood
No full textSlaughterhouses are economic activities that generate significant waste, including blood. Blood is a biological hazardous material due to its potency as a source of disease. Standard waste management methods for this material, involving physical and chemical treatment technologies, are considered expensive and impractical for small-scale entrepreneurs, leading to a neglect of waste management. Another possible waste management approach for blood is to use biological agents that utilize its nutrients. One candidate is the black soldier fly, known for its ability to consume various organic materials to produce high-value biomass. However, this process is highly dependent on the feed material\u27s characteristics and the feeding rate. In this study, bovine blood was mixed with fermented palm kernel meal as the feeding material for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding rates of 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/larvae/day on the growth performance and survival of the larvae. The results showed that the time required for larvae to become pupae is 20-24 days. A 200 mg/larvae/day produced the best harvested weight and lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio). The highest growth rate was achieved at a dosage of 300 mg/larvae/day. At the same time, a 400 mg/larvae/day dose produced the highest length and WRI (Waste Reduction Index). On the other hand, the survival rate ranged from 77% to 91%, with 100 mg/larvae/day being the most effective. Mixing bovine blood with palm kernel meal at a feeding rate of more than 100 mg/larvae/day will allow the effective black soldier fly (H. illucens) larval composting process
Bioprospecting of Potential Microorganisms as Agents for Biodiesel Production from Sago Pulp Waste Feedstock
No full textThe rising global energy demand and environmental issues associated with fossil fuel use have accelerated interest in renewable alternatives, such as biodiesel. This study aimed to provide a preliminary screening of potential indigenous microorganisms among isolates with high ability to saccharify lignocellulosic sago pulp waste, an abundant, non-food biomass in Maluku, and to accumulate lipids. Laboratory experiments were conducted to isolate, characterize (macro- and microscopically), saccharify, and accumulate lipids. Bacterial isolates were evaluated for saccharification ability using two parameters: the cellulolytic index (CI), determined by the clear zone on solid CMC media, and reducing sugar production in modified liquid CMC media using pretreated sago waste, measured by Benedict’s test. Yeast and mold isolates were assessed for lipid accumulation through Sudan Black B staining and gravimetric lipid extraction under nitrogen-limited conditions. Results identified four bacterial isolates capable of saccharification, with isolate BAS 1B showing the highest cellulolytic index, and all isolates produced detectable reducing sugars by Benedict’s test. All yeast and mold isolates accumulated intracellular lipids, with YAS 2 and KAS 2 isolates accumulating the highest lipid compared to the positive control (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). As this study was based on a single-point observation (n=1), the results are exploratory and should be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, isolates BAS 1B, YAS 2, and KAS 2 show promising potential for further biodiesel-related research using lignocellulosic waste. Further studies with replication and quantitative validation are required prior to any industrial consideratio
Thidiazuron Improved Aglaonema ‘Ruby’ Microshoot Multiplication for Mass Production and Microfloriculture Development
Full text linkAglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 is a hybrid Aglaonema with a dominant green leaf pattern and a red accent in the middle. This cultivar is widely cultivated and in great demand, and it can potentially be used in micro floriculture development. Conventional Aglaonema propagation through stem cuttings can only produce 1-3 shoots. Therefore, the in vitro culture method is proposed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of three synthetic cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin, and TDZ—the latter being a phenylurea derivative with cytokinin-like activity) and concentrations on the multiplication of Aglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 microshoot. The research has been carried out experimentally using a split-plot design. The main plot was cytokinin types, consisting of BAP, Kinetin, and Thidiazuron; the subplot was cytokinin concentrations at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µM. The measured parameters include shoot emergence time, number of shoots, leaves, and shoot length. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan\u27s multiple range test at 95% confidence level. It can be concluded that the growth of Aglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 micro shoots was controlled by the type and concentration of cytokinin given. Thidiazuron was better than Kinetin and BAP in stimulating the growth of Aglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 microshoots. Cytokinin at 10 µM seemed to be effective in improving Aglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 micro shoots multiplication. Thidiazuron at 10 µM can increase the production of Aglaonema \u27Ruby\u27 shoot to support both mass production of seedlings and microfloriculture products. Further studies are needed to optimize shoot and root development to produce good plantlets, easing the subsequent acclimatization
Dragonfly (Odonata) Community Structure in Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park
Full text linkBandealit Resort is a conservation area encompassing diverse habitats, providing a suitable environment for dragonflies to thrive as permanent inhabitants. The region plays a crucial role in supplying vital water for the life cycle of dragonflies. Human activities occurring in the upstream areas, such as agriculture, can potentially deteriorate water quality due to pollution. This work is highly significant due to the lack of recent monitoring data on dragonflies in the area and the pivotal role of dragonflies as bioindicators. This study aimed to analyze the composition and organization of the dragonfly population at Bandealit Resort (MBNP). A total of twelve dragonfly species were documented, among which were two species that are exclusive to Java. The Shannon-Wiener index study indicated a classification of modest diversity. The Terjun Block had the highest dominance index (D) of 0.27, whilst the Pringtali Block had the highest uniformity index (e^H/S) of 0.86. The species with the most excellent importance index (IVI) in different blocks are as follows: Euphaea variegata and Vestalis luctuosa in Pringtali Block, Nososticta insignis in Terjun Block, and Crocothemis servilia in East Muara Block. The canonical corresponding analysis (CCA) revealed that V. luctuosa, Heliocypha fenestrata, and Nososticta insignis exhibited a correlation with air humidity. In contrast, Copera marginipes, Pantala flavescens, C. servilia, and Diplacodes trivialis demonstrated a correlation with light intensity, wind speed, and air temperature. This research holds significance as it directly examines the relationship between dragonfly communities and abiotic parameters within the Bandealit Resort, Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP)
Identification of Sexual Dimorphism in Nyctixalus margaritifer Based on Morphometric Analysis at Situ Gunung Sukabumi
Full text linkThe Nyctixalus margaritifer frogs is a native species on Java island, and nature\u27s existence is increasingly threatened. This species has very limited distribution in West Java, and there is no information regarding sexual dimorphism. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the presence of N. margarite in the Situ Gunung area in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP) and analyze sexual dimorphism based on morphometrics. The research was conducted in September-December 2023, and data were collected using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method. The coordinates of individual N. margaritifer were recorded using GPSMAP, followed by analyzing 23 morphometric characters using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out to determine characters that form group structures. The data obtained were tested using the Bartlett homogeneity variance test and declared significant at p-value <0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using R software. The results showed that there were 6 males and 10 females of N. margaritifer in 4.34-hectare home range found at 10-80 cm height from the ground, attached to the leaves or stems of fern Shillaginella sp., taro Homalomena sp., Cyrtandra sp., and Laportea sp. Regarding defensive behavior in the presence of humans, N. margaritifer were observed to stop moving and making sounds, pressed their limbs on the perches, remained still, and appeared dead. The results of the analysis obtained three characters that differentiate sex with significant p-value <0.05, namely snout-vent length (SVL), third toe length (T3), and wrist width (Lt.M). PCA scatter plot showed that the three characters did not contribute maximally as separators. Meanwhile, the K mean cluster analysis produced clustering of SVL, T3, and Lt.M, which was not strong enough to be used as sex-distinguishing characters
Assessing The Impact of Habitat Loss and Human Development on Proboscis Monkey Distribution in South Kalimantan
No full textThe proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is an endemic primate species of Borneo that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of riparian forest ecosystems. However, habitat loss due to deforestation, land conversion, and urbanization has led to significant population declines. This study aims to analyze the habitat characteristics and dispersal patterns of the proboscis monkey in the riparian zone of the Tabunio Watershed, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geospatial modeling techniques, including Kernel Density Analysis (KDA) and spatial regression, were employed to assess habitat suitability and predict species dispersal. Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery from 2018, 2019, and 2021 was utilized to extract vegetation biophysical parameters, such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC), and Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC), which were integrated with field survey data. The results indicate a significant correlation between the distribution of proboscis monkeys and vegetation health, with dense riparian vegetation providing optimal habitat conditions for these monkeys. The findings also highlight the adverse impact of human-induced changes in land cover on populations of the proboscis monkey. Conservation measures, including habitat restoration and the establishment of protected areas, are recommended to mitigate habitat fragmentation and ensure the long-term survival of the species. This study contributes to the understanding of habitat dynamics and provides valuable insights for the sustainable management of riparian ecosystems in South Kalimanta