Jurnal Biodjati
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Profile of Phenolic Compounds and Phenol-Degrading Bacterial Colonies in Secondary Peat Forest Soil
No full textPeat contains high levels of phenols and lignin, which are resistant to decomposition. Drainage canals lower the groundwater table, promoting microbial degradation. This study investigated microbial decomposition in a secondary peat swamp forest by quantifying phenol-degrading bacterial colonies and measuring phenol concentrations in peat soil from Malikian Village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. Samples were collected from three plots at two depths, the aerobic layer and the anaerobic layer, with fifteen (15) samples from each depth. Bacterial colonies were counted via mineral salt medium (MSM) with up to five dilutions, whereas phenolic compounds were measured via the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Paired t-tests revealed highly significant differences in both phenol concentration (p-value < 0.001) and the number of phenol-degrading bacterial colonies (p-value < 0.003) between the aerobic layer and the anaerobic layers. These findings indicate that peat decomposition is more pronounced in the aerobic surface layer than in the permanently waterlogged layer. This observation is attributed to the greater number of phenol-degrading bacterial colonies and lower phenol concentration in the surface layer than in the deeper layer. Consequently, the aerobic conditions in the surface layer of the secondary peat swamp forest facilitate accelerated peat decompositio
Acute Toxicity of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Ethanolic Extract on The Microanatomy of Rat Spleens
Full text linkThe utilization of bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) as a herbal medicine has been passed down through generations within the community in Kalimantan. However, no comprehensive studies have investigated the effects of consuming this herbal medicine without a standardized safe dose. This study aimed to determine the spleen microanatomy after administration of an acute dose of S. littoralis stem ethanolic extract. The stems of S. littoralis utilized in this study were obtained from the Sungai Ambawang Forest in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan. These stems underwent maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. This study used a completely random design with four treatments, which included distilled water and S. littoralis stem ethanolic extract at three doses: 300; 2000; and 5000 mg/kg BW. Each treatment had five replicates. The results showed that the administration of extract doses above 2000 mg/kg BW caused a significant decrease in the diameter of the splenic white pulp, and the spleen’s microanatomy revealed that the boundary between the periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) and the lymphoid follicles disappeared, as well as lymphoid follicles that shrank in size. This shows that the administration of extract doses above 2000 mg/kg BW causes symptoms of damage to the spleen microanatomy of experimental animals
Cadmium Accumulation and Tolerance of Talinum paniculatum Callus Culture
Full text linkThe increasing use of inorganic fertilizers is one of the main factors contributing to increased Cadmium (Cd) pollution in the environment. Phytoremediation is one of the strategies that can be used to address the problem of Cd pollution in the environment. The selection of Cadmium-tolerant plants can be conducted using an in vitro culture. Talinum paniculatum as an ornamental plant is potentially used as a phytoremediation agent, but limited information is available regarding its accumulation ability and tolerance to cadmium stress. Therefore, this study aims to determine the accumulation ability and tolerance of T. paniculatum callus to cadmium at various concentrations. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications of Cd concentration treatment (0, 5, 10, and 20 ppm). Accumulation and tolerance of callus to Cd were assessed based on callus biomass, callus color, tolerance index, heavy metal concentration in callus and media, and Bioconcentration Factor value. An increase in Cd concentration showed a change in callus color from yellowish green to blackish. In addition, there was no significant difference in dry weight (0.078-0.086 g) and tolerance index (102.631%-113.158%) of callus. However, increasing Cd concentration showed significant differences in callus Cd accumulation from media (5-20 ppm) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) ratio (1.282-5.701), indicating the ability of T. paniculatum as an accumulator plant. This study\u27s results support phytoremediation efforts against heavy metal pollution, including cadmium
The Effect of Prohexadione-Ca on Starch Content of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) G0 Median in Medium Plains
Full text linkThe research conducted is entitled "The Effect of Prohexadione-Ca Concentration on Potato Plant (Solanum tuberosum) G0 Medians Cultivar Tubers in Medium Plains". This study aims to determine the effect of Prohexadione-Ca concentration on potato plant (Solanum tuberosum) G0 Medians Cultivars tubers in Medium Plains and to determine the concentration of Prohexadione-Ca to produce the best quality starch content. This research was conducted at the Rancabango screen house, Tarogong Kaler District, Garut Regency, from July to October 2023. The research method used was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 4 treatments, namely Prohexadione-Ca concentration of 0 ppm (Control), 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and 200 ppm. The parameters measured in this study were two types of parameters, namely supporting and main parameters. Supporting parameters include chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance, while the main parameter is the potato tuber starch content. The benefits of this research are determining the best quality results of potato tubers from the aspect of potato starch content by planting with the best concentration of prohexadione. The study showed an effect on the potato tuber starch content by administering Prohexadione-Ca. The most effective administration of Prohexadione-Ca to produce the quality of potato tuber starch content in medium plains is at a concentration of 100 ppm with a starch content of 9.35%
Etnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants by the Community Pucung Village, Kismantoro District, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java
No full textIndonesia is known as a living laboratory because its forests host approximately 30,000 plant species, of which around 9,600 are medicinal. The benefits of natural medicines derived from plants have been empirically proven, encouraging communities to preserve them. The use of medicinal plants by communities reflects the relationship between humans and plants, known as ethnobotany. This relationship can show how the community of Pucung Village uses medicinal plants, the efforts and conservation status of the medicinal plant species found, and the community\u27s perceptions of medicinal plants and the sustainability of local knowledge about their use for future generations. Using an ethnobotanical approach, this study focuses on local wisdom as the foundation for preserving knowledge of medicinal plants in Pucung Village. The data collection methods used were purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Using these techniques, 18 informants were identified. Based on the interview results, 56 plant types from 30 families were identified, with turmeric (100%) being the most frequently used. The plant part with the highest percentage was leaves (45.16%). The most dominant processing method was boiling (37.70%). The primary source of plant acquisition was cultivation activities (49.30%). The most common plant habit was herbaceous (37%). There are 24 medicinal plant species classified as least concern, 9 as data deficient, and 23 as not evaluated. Efforts to sustain local knowledge include direct practice and the transmission of knowledge through oral communication. Nine informants tend to use medicinal plants to maintain physical health, while nine others tend to prefer using medicinal plants first
Feed Composition And Nutrition Affecting Duck Egg Quality In Central Java Intensive Farming, Indonesia
Full text linkVarious feeds are widely used to increase egg productivity in the Central Java duck-intensive farming system. However, the proper composition and nutrition in the feed are still debatable. This study aims to analyze the applied feed composition and nutritional content related to duck egg quality from intensive Central Java farms. This research is an observational, exploratory survey involving duck farms in five egg duck production centers, including Semarang, Temanggung, Magelang, Pati, and Salatiga regions. The feeds and 10 duck egg samples were collected from each farm to identify the raw nutritional content and quality. The result showed that the duck feed composition differs depending on the abundance of local resources and farmers\u27 knowledge. Duck farms in coastal areas mainly use fishery products, including small rough fish and dried shrimp waste, while farmers in highland areas prefer to use commercial feed. Farmers in all regions often supplement their diets with additional feed, such as water spinach, rice bran, snails, wrinkles, and weeds, for varying durations from every day to once a week. Meanwhile, the best feed nutrition was identified from Temanggung, which uses concentrate feed as the main diet, which is composed of sweet corn, soy, and bran. The feed has a balance of raw protein around 24.19 ± 4.11% and 2500 to 2700 kcal calories. The egg productivity in the Temanggung farms also produces high egg production with larger sizes compared to duck farms from other regions. Furthermore, corn and soybeans in duck feed may increase antioxidant activity in yolk significantly, better than shrimp waste
Biomass Estimation of Brantas Riparian Zone Tree, Batu City, East Java
Full text linkResearch to estimate carbon absorption using ecosystem productivity models carried out in riparian zones is still rare. This research aims to determine the carbon and biomass potential in the Brantas River riparian zone, Batu City. The data obtained was retrieved using Microsoft Excel 2013 software. The data was tested differently using Paleontological Statistics, through normality and homogeneity tests, and continued with a different test. Different tests are carried out to determine the quality of the riparian zone between the observation stations. In addition, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is continued with Biplot and Cluster Analysis to understand the differences between the stations and to know the characteristics between stations. The biomass in the village of Sidomulyo is bigger than any other location. The biomass is about 8760 tons/ha with a carbon potential of 4380 tons. This value is very high compared to the entire location. The average potential carbon at each location ranges from 67 to 285 tons. Sidomulyo village\u27s riparian zone, rich in carbon and biomass, requires preservation to prevent global warming due to carbon emissions. The closure of land at the site of the village of Sidomulyo did not cause the riparian zone in the village to become less. The results showed that although the village of Sidomulyo has a savage land cover and settlements, the carbon storage from trees in the riparian zone is huge. This research aids in developing conservation strategies for riparian zones with high carbon storage potential, supports climate change mitigation, and informs policymakers on sustainable land management practices in the Brantas River watershed
Understanding The Structural Tissue of Pectoral Finless Albino African Catfish Clarias gariepinus Originating From Pond Cultivation
Full text linkThe loss of pectoral fin is an undesirable trait always found in almost all catfish breeding programmes in Indonesia, so further investigation is needed to clarify this problem. This study aims to describe albinism in fish with pectoral fin deformity from an immunohistochemical perspective by evaluating the correlation between two proteins (TBX5 protein and TYR protein) from eye and skin tissues. We used an individual albino fish (TL = 42 cm) found by local farmers in the Kebomas district, Gresik, to study the histological differences between albino fish without pectoral fins and black fish with regular pectoral fins using descriptive methods. The histotechniques using HE staining followed the Bioscience Laboratory, and the immunohistochemical staining was performed according to the Biomedical Laboratory procedure at Brawijaya University. The slides were scanned using Aperio Scanning CS2. Morphological structure differences determination used a t-test (α = 0.05). Spearman\u27s rank correlation assessed the relationship between fin morphology and albinism. The results showed significant differences between the skin and retinal thickness of the two fish (p <0.05), and the total retinal thickness of albino fish without pectoral fins was significantly thinner than that of regular fish. Rank correlations showed a positive association between pectoral fin loss and reduced skin and eye histology. The histochemical studies indicated that TBX5 is an important factor in pigmentation and fin development, but additional factors may disrupt TYR regulation in albino fish. The results of this study provide further evidence for considering pectoral fin phenotype as one of the evaluation factors to make the success of a breeding program
Characteristics and Abundance of Large Microplastics in Sediments in Wonorejo Mangrove Tourism Area, Surabaya
Full text linkMicroplastic (MP) pollution is a growing environmental concern due to its persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Among MPs, large microplastics (1–5 mm) originate from the degradation of larger plastic debris and pose ecological risks. However, research on their accumulation in mangrove sediments remains limited. This study investigates the characteristics, abundance, and spatial distribution of large microplastics in the Wonorejo Mangrove Tourism Area, Surabaya, which receives plastic waste transported by the Wonorejo River. Surface sediment samples were collected from three stations, followed by drying, sieving, visual inspection, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for polymer identification. The results indicate that film-type microplastics were the most abundant (72%), followed by fragments (23%) and pellets (5%). Transparent microplastics (38%) were the dominant color, followed by blue (26%). The highest microplastic concentration was recorded at Station 2 (130.7 ± 73.5 particles/kg), while Station 1 had the lowest (2.7 ± 2.7 particles/kg). Despite these variations, statistical analysis showed no significant differences in microplastic distribution among stations, suggesting a relatively homogeneous spatial pattern across the study area. FTIR analysis identified two dominant polymers: polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), commonly used in consumer and industrial products. The predominance of film-type microplastics and transparent coloration suggests that the primary sources of contamination are plastic bags and food packaging waste transported by river currents. These findings underscore the role of mangrove ecosystems as critical retention zones for plastic pollution, highlighting the urgent need for improved waste management strategies to mitigate microplastic accumulation in coastal environments
Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Digestive Tract of Broilers Treated with Fish Protein Hydrolysate
No full textThe composition of the feed plays a role in stimulating the activity of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, the addition of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) is suspected to influence the activity of microbiota, especially probiotics. Therefore, the presence of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract affects the weight and quality of the broiler. This research aims to investigate the effect of administering fish protein hydrolysate as a dietary supplement on the composition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a potential probiotic candidate. This research was conducted in several stages, including the diversification of feeding broilers, the isolation and purification of LAB from the caecum and small intestine, primary characteristics, pathogenicity tests, and biochemical identification of LAB. Feed diversification was conducted by supplementing diets with 1%, 1.5%, and 2% FPH in 20-day-old for 7 days.. LAB from the small intestine and caecum samples were isolated on MRSA media by adding CaCO3. The Gram test, catalase test, and endospore staining test were carried out to characterize the suspected LAB primarily. The pathogenicity test was conducted by inoculating LAB on blood agar medium. Furthermore, biochemical tests are carried out using the KB020 kit. The results showed that the highest population of LAB in the small intestine (1.57 × 108 CFU/mL) was observed with 2% FPH supplementation. In comparison, the caecum yielded the highest population (1.22 × 108 CFU/mL) under 1.5% FPH. Giving 2% FPH to broiler chicken feed provides a weight gain of 1.021 kg/head. The primary characteristics of the eight bacterial colony isolates suspected of being LAB were Gram-positive, catalase-negative, and did not form endospores. Eight LAB isolates of probiotic candidates were non-pathogenic as indicated by the occurrence of α-hemolysis and γ-hemolysis. Biochemical identification of probiotic candidates yielded four types of Lactobacillus, namely L. mucosae, L. frumenti, L. sanfranciscensis, and L. ferintoshensis. These LAB strains show promising probiotic potential for use as a feed additive in the broiler production system