Jurnal Biodjati
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The Utilization Vigna radiata Extract, Coconut Water and Root-Up on The Growth of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Seedlings
Get PDFMangrove forests are declining significantly. Hence, artificial rehabilitation through plant seedlings is necessary. However, failure often occurs due to the low quality of available seedlings. One solution to improve the seedling\u27s quality is the application of growth regulators during mangrove rehabilitation. This study aimed to examine the effect of natural plant growth regulators, namely coconut water and V. radiata extract, as well as the synthetic plant growth regulator root up on the growth of Brugueira gymnorrhiza seedlings. The research method employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor consisting of four treatments and five replications, as follows: P0 = Control, P1 = 100% coconut water, P2 = 10% root up, and P3 = 100% Vigna radiata extract. The observation parameters included plant height, number of leaves, root length, number of roots, stem diameter, and wet weight. Data analysis was conducted with ANOVA and Duncan\u27s Multiple Range Test., natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) considerably improved the growth characteristics of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings compared to the control and synthetic PGR treatment (Root-Up) (p < 0.05). Among the treatments, Vigna radiata extract had the most impact, with the maximum plant height (51.2 cm), stem diameter (15.264 mm), number of roots (10.6), and fresh weight (33.8 g). Furthermore, the application of coconut water resulted in a considerable rise in the number of leaves, reaching an average of 5.8, as well as increased root elongation with an average length of 10.188 cm. In contrast, using root up at a 10% concentration resulted in no statistically significant improvement in any of the evaluated metrics
Molecular Identification of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated From Allium cepa L. Waste as Antibiofilm Agent Against S.mutans
Get PDFStreptococcus mutans is a key contributor to dental caries due to its ability to form resilient biofilms. Endophytic bacteria are a promising source of natural antibiofilm agents. This study aimed to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from red onion (Allium cepa L) waste with potential antibiofilm activity against S. mutans. This research employed an exploratory laboratory design with descriptive and quantitative approaches. Morphological and Gram-staining analyses were conducted alongside molecular identification through 16S rRNA sequencing. Antibacterial and antibiofilm assays were performed to evaluate the biological activity of isolate EA1. Absorbance values from biofilm inhibition and degradation tests were analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate inhibition percentages. Isolate EA1 exhibited strong biofilm degradation (77% inhibition), moderate inhibition of biofilm formation (53%), and relatively lower antibacterial activity (30% growth inhibition). Molecular analysis confirmed its identity as a member of the Enterobacter genus, closely related to E. tabaci and E. asburiae. EA1 holds significant potential as a source of novel antibiofilm compounds for controlling S. mutans. Further investigation is needed to characterize its active metabolites and evaluate its clinical applicability
Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Among the Paser Telake Tribe in Pinang Jatus Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textEthnobotany is an interdisciplinary field that explores the relationship between humans and plants, particularly in the context of traditional medicinal practices. In many rural and indigenous communities, traditional knowledge of medicinal plants remains essential for primary healthcare, especially where access to modern medical services is limited. Pinang Jatus Village, Paser District, East Kalimantan Province, is one such community where ethnobotanical practices continue to play a significant role in daily life. However, the specific plants used, methods of preparation, and ailments treated have not been systematically documented. This study aimed to identify the types of medicinal plants used by the residents of Pinang Jatus Village, the traditional methods of preparation, and the diseases commonly treated with these plants. A quantitative and descriptive research approach was applied, using purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select 30 informants. The study employed a qualitative framework through in-depth interviews, complemented by quantitative analyses using the Use Value (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF), and Fidelity Level (FL) measures. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The study identified 24 plant species used for medicinal purposes, with the Asteraceae family being the most dominant. The most commonly utilized plant parts were leaves, followed by roots and seeds. The findings demonstrate that the community possesses rich ethnobotanical knowledge and continues to rely on a diverse range of plant species for traditional healing. These results not only fulfill the study’s objectives but also emphasize the importance of preserving traditional knowledge and highlight the potential for future pharmacological research based on these local practices
Comparison of Quality and Ethanol Content of Liquid and Powder Kombucha from Jasmine Tea (Jasminum sambac L.)
No full textThe fermentation process of kombucha has become a focus of halal product research due to its ethanol content. Processing kombucha into powder form can be an alternative to address the ethanol content in liquid kombucha, as it has undergone a drying process, making it a potential halal-certified functional drink. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of liquid and powdered kombucha. The research was conducted from March to September 2024 at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Muhammadiyah University of Bandung. The method used was the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method. The parameters analyzed included ethanol content, total BAA (Bacterial Acetic Acid), pH, organic acid content, and sugar content. In the production of powdered kombucha, optimization of maltodextrin and gum arabic usage was also conducted to achieve the best solubility and taste. The best powdered kombucha was obtained with a maltodextrin-to-gum arabic ratio of 3:2. In the research, liquid kombucha contained ethanol at an average of 0.09%. In comparison, no ethanol was detected in the powdered kombucha (0%). Total BAA in powder decreased after the drying process (p<0.05). The pH value of kombucha in liquid form (4.4) also differed significantly from powdered (3.2) (p<0.05). However, the levels of organic acids and sugars in liquid and powdered kombucha did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The sugar content in liquid and powdered kombucha was lower than that in kombucha in general
The Effect of IAA, BAP, and Coconut Water on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Organogenesis
No full textTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a widely cultivated horticultural crop valued for its phytochemical and nutritional content. The increasing demand for high-quality seedlings has promoted the use of in vitro propagation, which offers greater efficiency in labor and land use, uniform seedling production, and independence from climate compared to conventional methods. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and coconut water as an alternative or supplement on the organogenesis of tomato hypocotyl explants. Tomato hypocotyl explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm), IAA (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 ppm), and coconut water (10%, 20%, and 30%). The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications, consisting of a control, single-factor treatments, and combination treatments of BAP, IAA, and coconut water. Observations included the percentage and intensity of root, shoot, and callus formation, as well as shoot height. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test. The results showed that roots, shoots, and callus successfully developed in treatments supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and coconut water. The highest shoot growth, with a percentage of 87.7% and an average height of 5.75 cm, was observed in treatment K20, while the highest callus formation occurred in treatment K30. The best shoot and callus intensities were resulted in media with coconut water alone at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, whereas the highest root intensity was obtained in the BAP+IAA treatment without coconut water. The results indicate that coconut water is effective in supporting organogenesis, both directly through the formation of shoots and roots, and indirectly through callus formation that can subsequently develop into shoots and roots
Efficiency of AB Mix with Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Hydroponic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Growth
No full textThe overuse of synthetic AB mix fertilizers in hydroponic systems raises concerns over chemical residues and long-term health risks. Incorporating liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) is a potential strategy to improve nutrient efficiency and enhance crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the application of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) as a sustainable strategy to reduce AB mix dependency while maintaining crop growth and productivity. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments: P1 (100% AB mix/control), P2 (25% LOF + 75% AB mix), P3 (50% LOF + 50% AB mix), P4 (75% LOF + 25% AB mix), and P5 (100% LOF). Plant growth and yield parameters were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The combination of LOF and AB mix significantly affected (P<0.05) plant height, root fresh weight, leaf number, and shoot fresh weight, but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on root length. All combinations of LOF and AB mix, including the 100% AB mix treatment, yielded statistically similar results across all measured parameters. However, the treatment with 75% LOF + 25% AB mix tended to produce the highest values, enhanced flavor, and did not reduce shelf life, whereas the 100% LOF treatment resulted in the lowest performance. These findings highlight the potential of LOF to substantially reduce synthetic input in hydroponic lettuce production, supporting more sustainable and health-conscious cultivation practices
Weissella paramesenteroides: A Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Glutathione from Fermented Vegetable Based Keciwis Leaf
Get PDFGlutathione (GSH), is one of the essential antioxidants to prevent free radicals and support the immune system. The low level of glutathione is associated with some diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer\u27s, Parkinson\u27s, and AIDS. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can produce glutathione. Indonesia, as a mega biodiversity country, has various vegetables and LAB sources that remain underexplored. This research aims to explore LAB-producing glutathione from fermented products derived from Indonesia\u27s typical plant, the keciwis leaf. The method of this research includes sample preparation, lactic acid bacteria isolation, secondary metabolite production with cysteine precursor addition, glutathione analysis by Ellman\u27s assay, identification of 16S rRNA gene of lactic acid bacteria, and glutathione qualitative analysis by HPLC. Fermented keciwis leaf-based products contain lactic acid bacteria with positive gram characteristics, can produce 0.33 – 0.37 mM extracellular glutathione. Precursor cysteine addition significantly increases glutathione (p<0,05). The selective lactic acid bacteria producing glutathione was identified as belonging to the genus Weissella, with a similarity value of 98.50%, closely related to Weissella paramesenteroides. Extracellular glutathione produced by this culture showed qualitative results on HPLC with a retention time of 6.34 minutes, indicating the presence of the sulfihydryl group. This study identified a new Indonesia source of lactic acid bacteria of Indonesian–origin lactic acid bacteria, specifically Weissella paramesenteroides, as a promising source for glutathione productio
Leaf Functional Traits Diversity of Mango Wild Relatives (Mangifera spp.)
Get PDFThere are 69 species of Mangifera distributed worldwide, and approximately 35-40 of these species are found in tropical Asia. This widespread distribution naturally affects the functional characteristics of Mangifera species. This research aims to determine the variation in leaf functional traits of Mangifera species based on their subgenus (Mangifera and Limus) and the differences in elevation locations (Bogor Botanical Garden/lowland and Cibodas Botanical Garden/highland). The leaf\u27s functional traits were measured through ten parameters: Fresh Weight (FW), Dry Weight (DW), Leaf Area (LA), Specific Leaf Weight (SLW), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC), Chlorophyll Content (CC), Stomata Density (SD), Stomata Length (SL), and Stomata Width (SW). The observational data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation, One-Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc Test with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed differences in Mangifera species\u27 leaf functional traits between subgenus and locations. It was observed that DW, LA, SLA, and CC were higher in the subgenus Mangifera than in the subgenus Limus. The results also show that the SLW, SLA, LDMC, and CC values are influenced by altitude. The differences in the functional traits of Mangifera species are driven by environmental factors that induce phenotypic changes through plasticity, reflecting their adaptation to different environments
Survival Responses of Two Termite Genera to Environmental Stressors as Bioindicators of Climate Change
No full textTermites are sensitive to environmental fluctuations and hold potential as bioindicators of climate change. This study evaluated the survivability of Nasutitermes and Macrotermes under controlled variations in temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO₂ concentration. Laboratory experiments were conducted using eleven temperature levels (0–50°C), seven RH levels (40–100%), and four CO₂ concentrations (500–2000 ppm). Each treatment was replicated three times with 50 worker termites per replicate. Survivability, measured as percent survival after one hour of exposure, was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). The results indicated that both genera exhibited sharp declines in survival under temperature extremes and elevated CO₂. Optimal survivability for Nasutitermes and Macrotermes occurred at moderate temperatures (25–35°C), relative humidity (60–80%), and ambient CO₂ levels (500 ppm), while extreme conditions significantly increased mortality. The study highlights species-specific tolerance thresholds and confirms that environmental stressors directly affect termite physiology and behavior. These results confirm termites’ potential as reliable bioindicators, providing a practical tool for monitoring ecosystem responses to climate stress and informing strategies for sustainable ecosystem management
Detection of Porcine Contamination in Beef Meatballs from Gedangan District Using PCR–RFLP
No full textMeatball is one of the popular meat dishes in Indonesia, especially in Sidoarjo. The sale of meatballs in Sidoarjo is carried out by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), with 330 of the total 11,114 micro-traders selling meatballs. However, there is a risk of pork being adulterated into meatballs. This is a serious problem because Indonesia, especially Sidoarjo, is a Muslim-majority city with 95.5% of the total population of 2 million. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to conduct field checks to determine whether or not pork contamination is present in meatballs in Sidoarjo. Sampling locations were determined using a stratified random sampling method, which found that eight of the 15 villages, including Karangbong, Tebel, Sruni, Keboananom, Keboansikep, Gedangan, Ketajen, and Sawotratap Villages, have a significance value greater than the alpha value (0.05). Therefore, eight of them were used as sampling locations. One sample was purchased from each of the eight chosen villages, named S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, and S8. Meanwhile, the possibility of porcine contamination in beef meatball samples was analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with the restriction enzyme BsaJI. This study found that all eight samples and the negative control DNA amplicons were not cleaved by the BsaJI enzyme. Meanwhile, the positive control DNA amplicon was cleaved into 3 fragments. It was indicated that all samples and the negative control DNA amplicons were free of pork DNA contamination. Despite the anomaly, it can be concluded that all meatball samples bought from Gedangan District are not contaminated with pork. By demonstrating that meatballs from Sidoarjo are free from pork DNA, this study serves as an additional halal food monitoring in Sidoarjo. It reinforces public trust in local MSME food products