Jurnal Biodjati
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Mangifera spp. in the Ethnoclimatology Study of Tatangar Banjar Tradition in Kalimantan
Get PDFThe biodiversity of Mangifera spp. not only supports the local economy and preserve food security but also safeguards cultural heritage through their role in ethnoclimatology studies within the Tatangar tradition of the Banjar community in Kalimantan. The Banjar community demonstrates a unique connection with nature by utilizing specific Mangifera species as crucial indicators of seasonal transitions, deeply ingrained in their cultural identity. The aim of this study is to reveal the prevalence of various Mangifera species, including endangered ones, in diverse landscapes, promoting a sustainable agroforestry system and conservation efforts. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to explore and analyze Tatangar knowledge within the Banjar community in Mandiangin Barat Village, particularly its connections to climate and weather. The Banjar community further traditionally classifies Mangifera species, or known as “asam-asamanâ€, based on morphological traits, aiding in their interpretation of Tatangar signs. These signs, rooted in the flowering time of Mangifera trees, serve as essential climate indicators, guiding agricultural practices and influencing decisions on planting and harvesting. This local knowledge enhances agricultural resilience, enriches their cultural heritage, and underscores the intrinsic relationship between culture, nature, and sustainability in Kalimantan, making it a valuable subject for ethnoclimatological exploratio
In Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91 in Inhibiting Candida albicans
Get PDFFutoamide, Gentialutine, Gentiabetine, 1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-dec- adienoyl] pyrrolidine, Lycopodine, Dihydro-lycopodine are bioactive compounds that can be obtained Pseudomonas azotoformans UICC B-91. Previous research results indicate that P. azotoformans extract- ed with dichloromethane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate have antican- didal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. C. albicans is considered to become an opportunistic pathogen and well-known as the main cause of candidiasis. This study aims to determine the mech- anism of inhibition of bioactive compounds from P. azotoformans UICC B-91 on the growth of C. albicans using the molecular docking method. Docking was carried out using the targeted (Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase) dock- ing method with an exhausted parameter of 50. The size of the grid- box was adjusted to the position of the amino acid residues based on predictions of binding sites using PrankWeb. The docking results were obtained in the form of binding affinity resulting from the inter- action of the compound with the protein. Results showed that the three sample compounds had the potential to form strong and stable bonds with both protein targets with only two ligands show a binding energy value of less than -7 kcal/mol. In addition, the speed and stability of the bond between the sample and the target protein cannot exceed control ligands, thus it can be predicted the structure of ligand. Fu- toamide, 1-[(2E,4E)-2,4-decadienoyl] pyrrolidine, Lycopodine, and Dihydrolycopodine had binding potential with Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase. For Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase, only Fu- toamide had the potential to form stable and strong bonds that similar to the control. It can be concluded that the futoamide, one of ligand from P. azotoformans compounds has the potential as a multitarget inhibitor of the two C. albicans proteins, because it has various affini- ties and interaction stability for Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and Glucan endo-1,3-beta-D-glucosidase
Phytochemical Constituent, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Leaves of Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb.
Get PDFSansevieria, commonly known as Dracaena trifasciata. Apart from serving as an ornamental and air-purifying plant, it also exhibits medicinal properties, making it a potential candidate for the development of novel natural drugs. The demand for natural antibacterial agents has significantly increased due to the rising incidence of resistance among pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. This research conducted to determine the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of D. trifasciata leaf extracts. The D. trifasciata leaf material was sequentially extracted using sonication, beginning with chloroform and then followed by ethanol. The Kirby-Bauer method was employed to conduct the antibacterial test, wherein the inhibition zones generated by the chloroform and ethanolic extracts were measured. The test bacteria used in this study was Staphylococcus aureus. The assessment of the antioxidant activity was conducted using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Phytochemical compound identification in the extracts was conducted using GC-MS analysis. The ethanolic extract showed a higher yield percentage compared to the chloroform extract. Both extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity. The chloroform extract exhibited an inhibition zone of 73.33 mm2, while the ethanolic extract showed an inhibition zone of 110 mm2. The chloroform extract had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 500 mg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1000 mg/mL. The ethanolic extract had an MIC of 31.25 mg/mL and an MBC of 62.50 mg/mL. In terms of antioxidant activity, the chloroform extract had an IC50 of 370.8±0.07 µg/mL, while the ethanolic extract had an IC50 of 647.4±0.12 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed 47 compounds in the chloroform extract and 49 compounds in the ethanolic extract. Based on the results of yield, antibacterial and compound identification, the ethanolic extract of D. trifasciata leaves exhibited greater potential compared to the chloroform extract. Its antibacterial activity showed more promise than its antioxidant activit
Antioxidant Activity and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb Rhizome Fractions
Get PDFAntiobesity with a lipase inhibitor mechanism will block the hydrolysis of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol, while antioxidant compounds are very useful in conditions of obesity to prevent excess damage from degenerative diseases. Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract has been proven to have the effect of inhibiting pancreatic lipase so further effects will be seen at the fraction level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the phytochemical components ,antioxidant activity and pancreatic lipase inhibition of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb fractions. Ethanolic extract of the Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb rhizome was separated using the solid-liquid chromatography with 3 different solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol) to give n-hexane (HF), ethyl acetate (EAF), and ethanol (EF), and the insoluble (IF) fractions. Each fraction detected phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids/steroids. EF has the highest total flavonoid and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity of all fractions were measured using DPPH reduction, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The best antioxidant activity of all fractions using the DPPH method was EF with IC50 21.93 ± 3.39µg/mL, ABTS method was HF with IC50 24.56±1,03 µg/mL and FRAP method was IF with IC50 20.79±1,03 µg/mL. Totals of phenolics and flavonoids in EF strongly support the antioxidant activity of the DPPH method. The highest inhibition of pancreatic lipase was found in EAF at 35.16±0.24 % (100 µg/ml). There was significant difference between EAF and xenical (orlistat) (
Assessing Coral Reef Health in Northern Waters of Penata Besar Island West Kalimantan
Get PDFPenata Besar Island is designated as one of the Coastal and Small Island Conservation Areas (KKP3K) in West Kalimantan, is a critical site for conserving coral reefs and reef fish. Currently, global climate change and anthropogenic activities have exacerbated coral reef bleaching worldwide. In the context of escalating global climate change and human-induced threats, this study evaluates the health condition of coral reefs in the northern waters of Penata Besar Island, Bengkayang Regency. An exploratory approach was employed, utilizing the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method across four stations at two distinct depths (2-3 m and 5-6 m). The results revealed that coral cover varied with depth. At a depth of 2-3 m, live coral coverage was between 51.2% and 62.4%, classified as good, while at 5-6 m, coverage ranged from 30.4% to 49.4%, categorized as fair. Coral Massive (CM) was the predominant growth form observed. The diversity index (H\u27) ranged from low to medium, the Evennes index (E) from medium to high, and the dominance index (C) was categorized as low. These findings highlight the varying health of coral reefs in different depths and provide a basis and essential insights for targeted conservation efforts
Investigating Species Composition and Abundance of Marine Microalgae from Temajo Island Waters, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Get PDFTemajo Island is renowned for its marine tourism activities and is home to a range of organisms, including algae. Microalgae serve as indicator species, offering insights into the aquatic environment through their species composition and abundance. This study aims to provide preliminary data on the abundance and some ecological indices (diversity, evenness, and dominance) of microalgae on Temajo Island, which will be the basis for assessing water conditions and supporting conservation efforts and sustainable management of natural resources. The research was carried out at four stations with different characteristics. At each station, surface water samples were collected using a plankton net. The microalgae in these samples were subsequently examined under a microscope, and their quantities were measured. The microalgae abundance ranged from 2.84 to 7,697.14 ind/L, with an average of 193.34 ind/L. Chaetoceros was the most abundant genus, followed by Rhizosolenia, Guinardia, Thalassiosira, Pseudo-nitzschia, and Bacteriastrum. The diversity index (H’) ranged from 2.67 to 3.08, indicating moderate to high species richness, while the evenness index (E) ranged from 0.64 to 0.74, reflecting a high level of uniformity among microalgae populations. The dominance index (C) varied between 0.11 and 0.20, suggesting low dominance by any single genus. These indices collectively indicate a balanced and diverse microalgae community, underscoring the ecological health and stability of the Temajo Island waters. Preliminary information about the species composition and abundance of marine microalgae in this study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of microalgae populations and their ecological implications in the marine ecosystems of Indonesia
In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Obesity Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Microalgae Strain MRB-2
Get PDFObesity has a 15-fold higher risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. Microalga isone of the natural resources that potentially treat obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant, and anti-obesity properties of ethanolic extract of microalgae strain MRB-2. The TPC was determined using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, and the anti-obesity was analyzed using an anti-lipase pancreatic assay. The morphology of microalga cells was also determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that the TPC of ethanolic extract from the ultrasound extraction method was higher than the maceration method with the value of 2.75±0.26 mg GAE/g. While the scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals of ethanolic extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound, with a value of 38.92±1.94% at 0.8 mg/mL. The lipase inhibitory activity of extract from the maceration method was higher than ultrasound with a value of 20.81±2.24% at 0.38 mg/mL. Our results indicate that ethanolic extract of MRB-2 was potentially developed for anti-obesity foods and health-functional foods derived from new peatland microalgae
Effect of Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF) on The Growth and Yield of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Get PDFCayenne pepper is a leading horticultural commodity in InÂdonesia. However, the productivity and quality produced have not met market expectations. One of the contributing factors is the low quality of the soil. For this reason, switching from inorganic fertilizers to orÂganic fertilizers, such as Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF), is necessary because it can provide several nutrients crucial in improving the soil\u27s physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this study, the formuÂlation of BSFF was tested for its impact on cayenne pepper\u27s growth response and yield. The research was arranged in a completely ranÂdomized design consisting of three treatments with three repetitions, namely P1 (100 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), P2 (250 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), and P3 (500 grams of BSFF biofertilizer). The results showed an interaction between doses of BSFF biofertilizer on plant height, physical conditions (color and size), number, and wet weight of cayenne pepper; which P3 gave the most optimal growth response and yield. In contrast to these results, all treatments reduced vitamin C to the high level of N nutrients in BSFF biofertilizer. Therefore, furÂther research is needed to find the right dosage (below 100 grams/500 grams of media) so that cayenne pepper has a high vitamin C.Cayenne pepper is a leading horticultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the productivity and quality produced have not met market expectations. One of the contributing factors is the low quality of the soil. For this reason, switching from inorganic fertilizers to organic fertilizers, such as Black Soldier Fly Frass (BSFF), is necessary because it can provide several nutrients that are crucial in improving the soil\u27s physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this study, the formulation of BSFF was tested for its impact on cayenne pepper\u27s growth response and yield. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments with three repetitions, namely P1 (100 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), P2 (250 grams of BSFF biofertilizer), and P3 (500 grams of BSFF biofertilizer). The results showed an interaction between doses of BSFF biofertilizer on plant height, physical conditions (color and size), number, and wet weight of cayenne pepper; which P3 gave the most optimal growth response and yield. In contrast to these results, all treatments reduced vitamin C to the high level of N nutrients in BSFF biofertilizer. Therefore, further research is needed to find the right dosage (below 100 grams/500 grams of media) so that cayenne pepper has a high vitamin C.Â
Analysis of the Molecular Structure of Lipase-Dependent Chaperone from Ralstonia pickettii Strain BK6
Get PDFSeveral biotechnology industries are exploring the characteristics of lipase-dependent chaperones due to their distinctive biochemical traits. This study aimed to employ bioinformatics to analyze the molecular structure of Ralstonia picketii BK6\u27s lipase-dependent chaperon (LipRM). The sequence mapping and amino acid distribution were examined using BioEdit (version 7.0.9.1). SignalP 5.0 and Interpro are employed for signal peptide detection, whereas Swiss-Model and VMD 1.9.2 are used for molecular dynamics modelling. The results showed that the Shine-Dalgarno sequence was discovered in the LipRM promoter, seven nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon (AUG) with the 5\u27-AGGAGA-3\u27, and has a terminator region that facilitates the formation of a secondary structure. The protein\u27s 3D structure prediction results indicate differences in the alpha helix chains (residues 166-174 and 254-271) between LipRM and the reference lipase. LipRM\u27s molecular structure comprises a detachable signal peptide, and with variations in helix alpha chain conformation and ligand geometry
In Silico Study: ACE Inhibitory Activity as a Marine Animal Fatty Acid Antihypertensive Candidate
Get PDFMarine life has much potential for development, especially in the medical field. Its main content is fatty acids, where fatty acids have potential as antihypertensive agents. This research aims to determine the potential of the primary fatty acids in marine biota as antihypertensive agents through an in-silico approach using molecular docking. This study uses the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) receptor as the target protein and fatty acid ligands (myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, linoleic acid, vaccenic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, palmitic acid), and the control drug captopril for comparison. The initial stages of the research include protein and ligand preparation, followed by molecular docking and visualization. Potential compounds were then analyzed with Lipinski drug-likeness and PASSOnline. The research results show that eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid have the potential as ACE inhibitors. PASSOnline predictions indicate that both had a high probability of being vasodilator agents. Therefore, these two fatty acids had the potential as antihypertensive agents. Further research is needed through in vitro and in vivo testing to utilize marine biota in the medical world