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Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri dari Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Urin Kambing Peranakan Ettawah (PE) di Kabupaten Sleman = Isolation and Identification of Bacteria from the Urine Fluid Organic Fertilizer (POC) of the Ettaw
Full text linkUrine is a by product from Ettawa crossbred (PE) goat farm in Sleman regency. In addition, the manure urine goats can be used for fluid organic fertilizer (POC). Recently, organic farming is more interesting for people because it does not use any chemical fertilizers. Salmonella sp and E. coli 0157:H7 are pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate agricultural products and dangerous for public health. One of sources of contamination in agricultural products is due to the organic fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine pathogenic bacteria from POC urine PE goats in Sleman regency. A total of 8 POC samples were collected from PE goat urine in Sleman regency. These samples were analyzed for Salmonella sp, E. Coli o 157:H7 and other pathogenic bacteria by using biochemical reactions. All samples are negative for Salmonella sp. andE. coli 0 157:H7 as well. Whereas, 85% of8 samples are positive for Pseudomonas sp. The present study showed that P~C from PE goats farm in Sleman regency are negative for pathogenic bacteria.
Urin merupakan hasil sampingan petemakan kambing peranakan Ettawah (PE) di Kabupaten Sleman. Selain kotoran temak, urin kambing PE dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pupuk organik cair (POC). Saat ini pertanian organik lebih banyak diminati masyarakat karena tidak digunakan pupuk kimia. Salmonella sp dan E. Coli 0157:H7 merupakan bakteri patogenik yang dapat mencemari hasil pertanian dan membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu sumber pencemaran hasil pertanian berasal dari pupuk organik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bakteri patogenik dari POC urin kambing PE di Kabupaten Sleman. Telah dikumpulkan sebanyak 8 sampel POC dari petemakan kambing PE di Kabupaten Sleman. Sampel dianalisa ke arah Salmonella sp, E. coli 0157:H7 dan bakteri lain berdasarkan reaksi biokimia. Semua sampel tidak ditemukan Salmonella sp dan E. coli 0 157:H7,tetapi 85% dari 8 sampel tersebut positif Pseudomonas sp. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan, bahwa POC dari petemakan kambing PE di Kabupaten Sleman tidak terdapat bakteri patogenik
LAND MANAGEMENT, THE MYTH OF DEWI SRI, AND THE BALANCE OF JAVANESE COSMOLOGY, AN ANTHROPOGEOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW
Full text linkThe research was conducted in the Prangkokan Village, Purwosari, Girimulyo, Kulon Progo" Yogyakarta. The purpose of this study is to reveal the land management practice in the study area based on the mythl of Dewi Sri who is believed to maintain the balance of cosmos. Significance assessment pelformed based on anthropogeographic approach. This research was conducted based on qualitative ethnographic methods. The results showed that agricultural land management still influenced by the myth of Dewi Sri. This "Dewi Sri myth" is trusted by the farmers because they believe that the gods were able to maintain soil fertility. Dewi Sri myth is also believed to be able to maintain the balance of the cosmos. In anthropogeographic terms, the farmers live in Prangkokan village are managing arable land and yard with a spiritual mindset. The traditional management of soils apparently is believed can bring fertility and prosperity to the community life.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di dusun Prangkokan, Purwosari, Girimulyo, Kulon Progo, Girimulyo, Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkap pengelolaan tanah dengan memanfaatkan mitos Dewi Sri, untuk menjaga keseimbangan kosmos. Pengkajian makna dilakukan secara anthropogeographic. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif etnografik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan tanah pertanian masih menggunakan mitos Dewi Sri. Mitos ini dipercaya karena Dewi Sri sebagai dewa yang dapat me,yaga kesuburan tanah. Mitos Dewi Sri juga diyakini dapat menjaga keseimbangan kosmos. Dari sisi anthropogeographic menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan petani dusun Prangkokan, mengelola tanah garapan dan pekarangan dengan pola pikir spiritual. Pengelolaan tanah secara tradisi tersebut ternyata akan mendatangkan kesuburan dan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU TERHADAP SIKAP GOOD FORESTRY GOVERNANCE DI TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO = (The influence of individual characteristic toward attitude to Good Forestry Governance in Alas Purwo National Park)
Full text linkOrganisasi taman nasional di Indonesia mengalami berbagai permasalahan di berbagai simpul dan membutuhkan upaya perbaikan kelembagaan. Salah satu upaya pembenahan adalah perbaikan aspek perilaku organisasi yang mengarah kepada pembentukan good forestry governance. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan data dan penjelasan mengenai pengaruh karakteristik individu orang-orang yang bekerja di Taman Nasional (TN) Alas Purwo terhadap sikap good forestry governance (GFG). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TN Alas Purwo pada bulan November-Desember 2011 dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Responden diambil secara purposive sampling terhadap personel TN Alas Purwo. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik individu berpengaruh terhadap silfap goodforestry governance. Persamaan regresi yang dihasilkan adalah GFG= 27,449 + 0,463 KI dengan nilai adjusted R2 0,287. Manajemen TN Alas Purwo perlu menaikan kualitas karakteristik individu personel taman nasional dengan melakukan berbagai tindakan manajemen. Implikasi disain organisasi yang tepat untuk tindakan manajemen ini adalah struktur organisasi organik.
In Indonesia, most of national parks have encountered several problems, which need efforts to improve their management. good forestry governance (GFG) is one conceptualisation that can be used to improve aspects of organizational behavior in the management of conservation areas. In this research, we obtain data and explanation about influence of the individual characteristic (KJ) of Alas Purwo National Park with GFG attitude. Using quantitative methods, this study was conducted between November-December 2011. The respondents were staff of Alas Purwo National Park who taken by purposively. We perform data analysis with a simple regression test. The results indicate that the GFG attitude affected individual characteristic. The model is GFG attitude = 27.449 + 0.463 Kl with adjusted R2 0,287. We also found relatively low coefficient relationship between GFG attitude and individual characteristic. Management of Alas Purwo National Park needs to increase the quality of individual characteristic of its staff by doing management actions. We argue that the appropriate organizational design implications in this management is organic organizational structure. Thus, we recommend that these results can be applied for institutional construction in the conservation areas management
USAHA TANI KONSERVASI DI HULU DAS JENEBERANG (STUDI KASUS PETANI SAYURAN DI HULU DAS JENEBERANG SULAWESI SELATAN) = (Conservation Farming in The Watershed Upstream Jeneberang (Case study of Vegetable Farmers in the Water
Full text linkDaerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Jeneberang merupakan salah satu DAS yang terdapat di Sulawesi Selatan yang sudah termasuk DAS prioritas. Kondisi lahan di DAS Jeneberang sudah mengalami kerusakan karena adanya alih fungsi lahan dari areal kawasan hutan menjadi kawasan budidaya pertanian dan sistem pertanian yang dilakukan oleh petani tidak menerapkan teknik konservasi untuk lahan dengan kemiringan cukup tinggi. Hal ini memicu terjadinya erosi sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas lahan.
Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji dan menganalisis penerapan konservasi pada usahatani sayuran di hulu DAS Jeneberang. ,Lokasi penelitian di hulu DAS Jeneberang Kabupaten Gowa Sulawesi Selatan, dengan populasi penelitian adalah seluruh petani sayuran di Kelurahan Pattapang sebanyak 550 petani. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana dengan responden sebanyak 182 petani dengan menggunakan rumus penentuan sampel dari Isaac & Michael. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan konservasi pada lahan usahatani sayuran di hulu DAS Jeneberang masih rendah, di mana konservasi yang dilakukan masih sederhana dan belum sesuai dengan teknik konservasi. Adapun metode konservasi yang sudah diterapkan adalah pola tanam tumpang gilir, pemanfaatan sisa tanaman sebagai penutup tanah, penanaman rumput pada bibir teras, penanaman pohon sebagai batas kebun, pembuatan teras, pembuatan penampungan air dan perbaikan saluran pembuangan air
PENGELOLAAN SUNGAI BERBASIS MASYARAKA T LOKAL DI DAERAH LERENG SELATAN GUNUNGAPI MERAPI = (River Management Based on Local Community in the Southern Slope of Marapi Volcano)
Full text linkDalam kehidupan manusia, temyata. ada hubungan yang saling terkait antara manusia dengan sungai. Manusia memerlukan sungai untuk mendukung keperluan dan aktivitasnya, sebaliknya keberadaan sungai juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia. Dalam memanfaatkan dan memelihara sungai tidak terlepas dari pemanfaatan air di dalam sungai dan alur sungainya. Dalam memgelola sungai tidak terpisahkan antara pengelolaan air sungai dan alur sungainya. Hal tersebut juga tergantung dari karakteristik sungai dan kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat. Penelitian yang dilakukan di lereng selatan Gunungapi Merapi dengan eara survei di lapangan. Data dikumpulkan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawaneara dengan masyarakat. Selanjutnya dikuti dengan analisis data seeara deskriptifkualitatif. Sungai sungai besar di daerah penelitian telah dikelola oleh pemerintah, sedangkan masyarakat lebih berperan kepada pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan sungai keeil. Berbagai penggunaan dilakukan terhadap sungaisungai keeil, untuk keperluan rumah tangga, irigasi dan perikanan. Teknik pengambilan dan pemanfaatan air dilakukan dengan ear\u27a sederhana dengan beaya yang relatif murah, tetapi tetap mengedepankan azas kebersamaan dan keadilan. Pemeliharaan terhadap alur sungai terhadap kerusakkan lingkungan dilakukan berdasarkan atas kesadaran untuk keberlangsungan lingkungan dengan yang dilakukan secara perorangan dan berkelompok. Dalam pemeliharaan dikedepankan asas kegotong royongan tanpa mengabaikan budaya masyarakat setempat.
In human life, there was a relationship between human activities with rivers. Humans need rivers to support their need and their activitiesotherwise the existence of rivers can also be affected by human activities. The management of river cannot be separated from managing water in the river and its channels. It also depends on rivers characteristics as well as social and culture of the community. This research was conducted in the southern slopes of Merapi volcano using field survey. Data were collected through field observation and interviewing of local community, followed with descriptivequalitative analyses. Big rivers in the study area have been managed by the government, while for smaller rivers the involvement in the utilization and maintenance by local community is dominant. Some small rivers are used for domestic, irrigation and fishery purposes. The way of managing rivers have Been done in a simple way with relatively low costof technique basedon solidarityandlocalwisdom principles. Preventing the river from the environmental damage has been done individually or by groups, considering the awareness of the local community for environmenta.l sustainability. It is also based on the principle of mutual cooperation without neglecting the characteristics of local culture
Dinamika Folikel Ovulasi Setelah Perlakuan Sinkronisasi Estrus dengan Implan Progesteron Intravagina pada Sapi Perah = Ovulatory Follicular Dynamics After Estrus Synchronization Using Intravaginal Progesterone Implant in
Full text linkThe study aimed to follow ovulatory follicular dynamics and plasma progesterone profile after estrus synchronization using progesterone intravaginal implant CIDR and its combination with PGF2αand GnRH. A total of 15 non-pregnant dairy cows, 4-5 years of age, healthy and reproductively sound were divided into 3 treatment groups. Treatment 1,CIDR implant was inserted intravaginally for 9 days (CIDR)treatment 2, given CIDR and 250 µg GnRH intramuscularly at implant removal (CIDR + GnRH)treatment 3, CIDR and 25 mg PGF2αat day 7 of implant insertion (CIDR + PGF2α). Transrectal ultrasonographic examination using real time, B-mode, with 7.5 MHz transducer was performed everyday for 12 days to follow ovulatory follicular dynamics. Blood plasma was taken every day for progesterone determination using EIA technique. Data were tested using analysis of variance and correlation analysis. The result indicated that CIDR implant was a potent agent for estrus synchronizationwith the onset of estrus was 66.18 ± 03.42 hours after its removal. The addition of GnRH resulted the highest ovulatory growth rate following the implant removal (1.67 ±0.17", 1.93:t 0.13b dan 1.53 ±0.20"mmlday, P < 0.05). Insertion of CIDR hampered dominant follicular development and its removal caused rapid follicular growth and followed by ovulation. Its insertion resulted steady increase in plasma progesterone levels and its removal resulted in sudden decrease in the hormonal levels, induced ovulatory follicular development, followed by estrus and ovulation. The CIDR implant also inhibited luteal growth, caused no effect of PGF2αadministration on decrease of plasma progesterone levels. Addition of GnRH at the time ofCIDR removal enhancedthe highest rate of ovulatory follicular growth
Daya Proteksi Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix) terhadap Nyamuk Demam berdarah = Protection Capacity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix) Peel Extract Against Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever Mosquitoes
Full text linkThe use of chemicals as mosquitos repellent may cause health problems. Extract of caffir lime (Citrus hystrix) as mosquitoes can be used as another option.The present study was aimed to analyze the protection capacity of C. hystrix against Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The experimental study using completely randomized design was done. The obtained data were calculated using the protection capacity fomlUla and analyzedusing t-test. Theresult indicated thatprotection capacityof Citrushystrix extract for 6 hours on average gave 34.82% of protection against Ae. aegypti and 41,44% of Ae. albopictus.The caffir lime extract has been able to reject the mosquitoes, Ae. aegypti andAe. albopictus. Although the thrust of the caffir lime isnot as good as chemical products, butit can be used as alternative mosquitoesrepellent.
Penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai bahan penolak (repellent) nyamuk dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan. Ekstrak kulitjeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) sebagai repellent nyamuk dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan lain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa kemampuan daya proteksi ekstrak kulit jeruk purut terhadap nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus. Penelitian eksperimental dengan metode rancangan acak lengkap selesai dilakukan. Datayang diperoleh dihitung menggunakan rumus daya proteksi dan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda. Hasilnya menunjukkan, bahwa ekstrak kulit jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) selama 6 jam memberikan proteksi rata-rata 34,82% dan 41,44%, masing-masing terhadap Ae. Aegypti danAe. albopictus. Ekstrak kulit jeruk purut mampu menolak nyamukAe. aegypti maupunAe. albopictus. Meskipun kemampuan daya tolak kulit jeruk ini tidak sebaikbahan kimia, namun dapat dijadikanbahan alternatifpenolak nyamuk
Profit Darah Tikus Putih Wistar pada Kondisi Subkronis Pemberian Natrium Nitrit = Blood Profiles of Wistar RatS due to Subchronic Condition Caused by Sodium Nitrite
Full text linkNowadays, chemicals used as food additives are increasing. One of the chemicals commonly used is sodium nitrite (NaNOJ. Sodium nitrite is found in sausage and another meat product. Sodium nitrite is used as food preservative agent. But, the presence ofNaNOz can influence blood cells ability to carry oxygen. It causes anemia and forms nitrosamines, carcinogenic agents. This research ispurposed to know blood profiles of Wistar rats on subchronic condition caused by NaNOz.The research was done for 3 months as subchronic time. Twenty seven Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, control group (K), first group (PI) treated by NaNOzwith dose of 11,25 mg/kg bodyweightlday, and second group (P2) treated by NaNOz with dose of 22,50 mg/kg bodyweightlday. Blood samples were collected from orbital sinus and tested once a week for hematological parameters, including white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte level, and neutrophil level. The data were analyzed with ANOVA using SPSS 16 program for Windows and the blood profiles alteration were seen. The results from this study showed there were no significant differences among the blood profiles of Wistar rats treated by NaNOz with dose of 11,25 mg/kg bodyweightlday and dose of22,50 mg/kg bodyweight/day compared to that of the control group, except WBC values at subchronic condition at dose of22,50 mg/kg bodyweightlday which decreased 23,46%. The NaNOz could not influencethe blood profiles of rats treatedby NaNOzsubchronically.
Penggunaan bahan kimia sebagai bahan tambahan pangan semakin berkembang. Salah satu yang umum digunakan adalah natrium nitrit (NaN02) pada sosis dan produk olahan daging lain. Natrium nitrit berfungsi sebagai pengawet makanan, tetapi NaN02 dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan eritrosit membawa O2, menyebabkan anemia dan membentuk nitrosamin yang karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil darah tikus putih Wistar pada kondisi subkronis akibat pemberian NaN02. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 3 bulan pada kondisi subkronis, digunakan 27 ekortikus putih Wistar.Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi kontrol (K), perlakuan I (PI) dengan dosis NaN02 11,25 mg/kgBB/hari, dan perlakuan 2 (P2) dengan dosis 22,50 mg/kgBB/hari. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan setiap minggu melalui sinus orbitalis dan diuji leukosit total (WBC), eritrosit total (RBC), kadar hemoglobin (HGB), persentase hematokrit (HCT), persentase limfosit, dan persentase neutrofil. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA menggunakan program SPSS 16for Windows dan diamati perubahan profil darahnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada beda nyata antara profil darah tikus putih Wistar kelompok Kontrol, dosis NaN02 11,25mg/kgBB, dan dosis NaN02 22,50 mg/kgBB, kecuali pada penurunan WBC pada kelompok dosis 22,50 mg/kgBB pada kondisi subkronis, yaitu sebesar 23,46%. Pemberian NaN02 pada kondisi sub kronis belumberpengaruh padaprofil darah tikus putih uji
HARMONIOUS INTERACTION AMONG ETHNICAL COMMUNITIES IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Full text linkThis research was conducted in 13 villages of Secanggang district, North Sumatra Province-Indonesia. This study describes the capacity and condition of harmonious interaction among ethnical communities in regional development, which focuses on villager motivation as intervening variables. Motivation is a very important instrument in bridging the concepts of harmony among communities towards regional development. Development of a region is implemented through harmonious interaction among various ethnic communities that can serve motivation as an intervening variable. This study uses a combination of qualitative (exploratory) and quantitative method. There is one factor that plays a role as a determinant factor in causing successful development. The interaction. either directly or indirectly,generates assimilation between ethnical cultures.
Penelitian ini dilakukan di 13 Desa Kecamatan Secanggang, Propinsi Suamtra Utara-Indonesia. Penelitian ini memaparkan kapasitas dan keharmonisan interaksi antar komll11itas etnis dalam pembangunan wilayah yang terkosentrasi pada motivasi masyarakat sebagai variabel intervening. Motivasi merupakan sebagai suatu instrument yang sangat penting didalam menjembatani antara konsep keharmonisan antar komunitas terhadap pembangunan wilayah. Pembangunan wi/ayah salah satunya direalisasikan melalui keharmonisan interaksi antar komunitas etnis yang dapat menumbuhkan motivasi sebagai variabel penjelasnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode gabllngan yakni kualitatif (eksplorasi) dan kuantitati! Analisis kuantitatif dengan kuesioner dilakukan dengan pengembangkan dan pendalaman di lapangan. Terdapat satllfaktor yang berperan sebagai penentu keberhasilan wilayah. Proses interaksi tersebut baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung menyebabkan asimilasi budaya antar komunitas etnis
ZONASI DAERAH RAWAN GEMPA BUMI DI KECAMATAN PUNDONG, BANTUL BERDASARKAN PENDEKATAN GEOMORFOLOGI
Full text linkGempabumi 27 Mei 2006 mengakibatkan kerusakan berat pada bangunan di Kecamatan Pundong, Kabupaten Bantul, Yogyakarta. Kerusakan bangunan yang diakibatkan oleh gempabumi bervariasi di setiap bentuklahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan geomorfologi dengan satuan bentuklahan sebagai unit analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bentuklahan dapat menjadi indikator tingkat kerusakan bangunan akibat gempabumi. Aspek-aspek geomorfologi memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang berbeda di suatu daerah dan pengaruh aspek-aspek geomorfologi tersebut membentuk suatu zona rmvan gempabumi di Kecamatan Pundong. Zona kerawanan tinggi terhadap gempabumi berada pada kelompok bentuklahan Dataran Fluvio-VulkanikMerapi Muda. Zona kerawanan sedang terhadap gempabumi terdapat pada bentuklahan Lereng Kaki Koluvial Material Lava, Breksi, dan Tuf Zona kerawanan rendah terhadap gempabumi terletak pada lereng tengah dan lereng atas perbukitan struktural di sebelah timur Kecamatan Pundong.
The earthquake May 27, 2006 caused severe damage on buildings in Pundong District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Earthquake-induced buildings damage vary at each landform. This research is using geomOlphological approach with landform unit as an analysis unit. The result shows that landform characteristics can be an indicator level of earthquakeinduced buildings damage. The geomorphological aspects has levels of induce in a certain area and the induce of geomorphological aspectsformed a certain earthquake prone zone in Pundong District. The high prone zone is located at the group of landforms Fluvio-Volcanic Young Merapi Plain. The moderate prone zone is located at Colluvial Footslope consist of breccias, lava, and tuff. The slight prone zone is located in the middle and upper slope of structural hills in the east part of Pundong District