Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Genetic parameters and yield potential of Indonesian soybean varieties (Glycine max L.) in wetland during dry season
Full text linkCultivating soybean in wetland areas presents unique challenges, particularly during water-limited conditions like dry season, where yield performance can vary significantly among genotypes. This research aimed to assess the yield potential of Indonesian soybean varieties in wetland during dry season, to estimate genetic parameters, and to determine the relationship among traits. Twenty soybean genotypes were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Yield components measured included seed weight per plot, number of seeds per plant, and overall yield potential (tons per hectare). The results revealed significant variation among the genotypes. The estimation of genetic parameters indicates that traits comprising plant height, 100-seed weight, and the number of seeds per plant have high heritability and significant CVG/CVP ratios, suggesting efficient genetic selection potential and opportunities for genetic improvement through breeding. Pearson’s correlation network plot shows positive associations between traits, including plant height (PH), weight of biomass (WB), weight of seed per plot (WSP) and yield. 'Deja 1' variety exhibited the highest yield potential at 1.75 tons per hectare, while 'BS 99' variety showed the lowest at 0.18 tons per hectare. These findings underscore the importance of genotype selection in enhancing soybean productivity in water-limited environments. The study offers valuable insights for future breeding programs aimed at improving soybean yields in challenging conditions, such as dry season in wetlands, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices in Indonesia
Utilization of Trichoderma sp. and compost to increase nitrogen in specific soil types as planting media
Full text linkNitrogen deficiency dramatically affects plant growth, development, and productivity. This study aims to determine the utilization of Trichoderma sp. and compost in increasing the nitrogen content of several types of soil used as planting media. The research was conducted using an experimental method arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern. The first factor is the soil types, namely Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Vertisol. The second factor is dose of compost consisting of 4 levels, namely K1 (0 tons ha-1 or no compost), K2 (10 tons ha-1), K3 (20 tons ha-1), and K4 (30 tons ha-1). The third factor is the concentration of Trichoderma sp., which consists of 4 levels, namely T1 (0 CFU ml-1), T2 (106 CFU ml-1), T3 (108 CFU ml-1), and T4 (1010 CFU ml-1). Results showed that the combination of compost and Trichoderma sp. had a natural effect on increasing the N content of each soil type. N-total content from highest to lowest was found in soil types such as Inceptisol (0.384%), Alfisol (0.243%), and Vertisol (0.230%). Combining compost and Trichoderma sp. increases sustainable nitrogen availability and is more environmentally friendly
Utilization of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.) anthocyanins as a sensor for nitrite detection in domestic wastewater
Full text linkMonitoring wastewater quality is increasingly essential for enhancing wastewater treatment procedures. Domestic wastewater, produced by residential and commercial operations, contains considerable organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants, including nitrite ions, which provide serious health hazards. This research develops a nitrite detection sensor utilizing anthocyanins derived from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata L.). The extraction utilized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) using a solvent combination of 96% ethanol, distilled water, and 80% acetic acid, resulting in the maximum anthocyanin content of 7.653 mg/g dry weight. The sensor's performance was assessed in terms of stability, selectivity, and sensitivity. The results demonstrated temperature stability at 30°C, with a retention rate of 98.92%, and selectivity for nitrite was verified in the presence of several possible interfering chemicals. Sensitivity tests indicated a detection threshold of 250 ppm for nitrite. The sensor exhibited a shelf life of 19 hours at ambient temperature (25°C) and 11 days at 5°C
Seed germination and growth of Joseph’s coat (Amaranthus tricolor L.) following exposure with Naphthalene-1-Acetic Acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)
No full textAmaranthaceae is a family of plants that can be used as vegetables and medicinal herbs. Amaranthus tricolor L. is commonly cultivated because it has fast growth rate and short life cycle that can be boosted by growth regulators such as auxins. A. tricolor L. is commonly cultivated because it has a fast growth rate and short life cycle. Growth regulators, such as auxins, can boost the growing process. This research aimed to study the effects of Naphthalene-1-Acetic Acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) on the seed germination and growth of A. tricolor L. and to determine effective concentration of NAA or 2,4-D application to A. tricolor L. This research was arranged in a completely randomized design with exogenous hormones application as treatments. The treatments consisted of various concentrations of NAA and 2,4 D (0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 80 ppm) applied to A. tricolor L. plants every two weeks. Germination test of A. tricolor L. was carried out for 14 days, and the application of NAA and 2,4-D on A. tricolor L. plant was given for 56 days. Observations were made on the plant height, fresh and dry weight, stomatal density, and the content of chlorophyll and carotenoid. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with significance level of 5%. NAA treatment delayed seed germination by one day compared to control, while 2,4-D treatment inhibited germination for several days with the higher concentration of 2,4-D applied, the greater inhibition of seed germination. NAA of 10 ppm increased plant height, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, and leaf area of A. tricolor L. The application of NAA and 2,4-D reduced stomatal density and carotenoid content of A. tricolor L., with greater effects at higher concentrations of synthetic auxins. This research concluded that NAA or 2,4-D inhibited germination of A. tricolor L. seeds, NAA of 10 ppm effectively increased plant growth and chlorophyll content, but higher NAA concentrations inhibited growth. Application of 2,4-D with concentrations above 40 ppm could be lethal for A. tricolor L.
The synergistic effects of zeolite and urea fertilizer on improved nitrogen use efficiency in oil palm seedling growth
Full text linkNitrogen is an essential nutrient for all plants, including oil palm, and the availability of inorganic nitrogen is crucial for supporting the development of oil palm from the seedling stage. However, the fast-release characteristic of urea often leads to its loss before it can be absorbed by plants, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency. To address this issue, one approach is to combine urea with zeolite, a natural mineral with nutrient retention properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mixing urea with zeolite in oil palm seedlings. During a three-month fertilization application in the oil palm main nursery, conventional fertilization with urea was compared with urea mixed with zeolite, both inactivated and activated, at two percentages: 20% and 40%. The addition of zeolite at various percentages and various zeolite activities produced growth similar to that of urea fertilizer without zeolite. This shows that both activated and non-activated zeolites can be utilized to reduce the amount of urea dosage used in the nursery. The adoption of zeolite at various percentages and levels of activity has the potential to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in comparison to urea. The application of zeolite led to a significant increase in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) values. Specifically, the addition of 40% zeolite resulted in considerable NUE values of 18.76% and 22.17% for inactivated and activated zeolite, respectively. In addition to its growth-promoting effects, the use of zeolite in combination with urea can also have cost-saving benefits. The addition of 20% and 40% inactivated zeolite could reduce the cost of nitrogen fertilizer by 27.4% and 36.6%, respectively, compared to 100% urea, making it a more economical option for oil palm plantations. Furthermore, the overall cost of NPK fertilization for three months with inactivated zeolite saved 7.54%-10.09%, while activated zeolite was 5.38%–5.77%
Analysis of factors affecting differences in potassium buffering capacity in several soil orders
Full text linkEach soil order has different reactivity to potassium ion retention capacity, especially potassium buffering capacity. These differences are related to soil characteristics, including clay mineral content and type, cation exchange capacity, and soil texture class. This study compared the potassium buffering capacity (PBCk) of Andisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols. The PBCk experiment reacted 2.5 grams of air-dried soil (passing a 0.5 mm sieve) and 25 ml of KCl solution with a series of concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 ppm. Then, it was shaken for 24 hours to reach equilibrium conditions. The next day, the solution was centrifuged to obtain a clear solution. The remaining K content in the equilibrium solution was measured using a flame photometer. The amount of K read was calculated to obtain the Q/I factor and PBCk value from the gapon equation. The Q/I relationship was used to estimate PBCk values for each soil order with changes in K in the solution or Q (∆K) as the X axis and the intensity of K or I (CRk) as the Y axis. Then, the K intensity data were connected to the PBCk results to determine the buffer capacity of the four soil orders. Vertisols showed the highest PBCk (1.099 cmol kg-1/mol L-1)0.5, followed by Andisols, Alfisols, and Inceptisols. The determining factors include clay minerals in the form of smectite (2:1), high CEC value, and soil texture dominated by clay
Assessment of acid soils for sanitary landfill in Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, South – South, Nigeria
Full text linkOpen dumping of refuse is the order of the day and the collective method for discarding municipal solid waste, and the inefficient way of handling waste coupled with poor planning of landfill has resulted to environmental pollution and land degradation. Sanitary landfills are therefore necessary for the appropriate disposal of municipal waste. Thus, this study was carried out to assess the soils of Beeri in Khana Local Government Area for sanitary landfill. Three soil map units (pedons) based on vegetation, toposequence and drainage were identified and delineated in the study area. A modal soil profile of 2 m × 2 m × 2 m dimensions was dug in the identified soil map units, and the genetic horizons were labeled and sampled for laboratory analysis. Results obtained revealed that sand fractions varied from 804 g/kg in horizon-B of pedon 2 to 924 g/kg in pedon 1; silt content varied between 14 g/kg in horizon-AB of pedon 3 to 24 g/kg in B-horizon of pedons 1 and 2; and clay content decreased from 172 g/kg in B-horizon of pedon 2 to 52 g/kg in pedon 1. Bulk density decreased from 0.935 gcm⁻³ in horizon-Ah of pedon 1 to 1.4550 gcm⁻³ in B-horizon of pedon 2. Soil pH ranged from strongly acidic 4.89 in AB-horizon of pedon 2 to slightly acidic 5.47 in Bw-horizon of pedon 1. Effective cation exchange capacity decreased from10.86 cmolkg⁻¹ in pedon 2 to 2.84 cmol/kg in pedon 3. Soil suitability assessment of the study area indicated that the soils were not suitable (N) for the construction and operation of sanitary landfill as a result of defects in soil texture, high sand and low clay contents, porosity, and low ECEC. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to improve texture, bulk density, porosity, and ECEC through appropriate management practices so that the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved to a moderate to high level of suitability for sanitary landfill
Yield gap analysis between irrigated and rainfed rice agroecosystem
Full text linkRice is an essential crop for worldwide food security, providing the primary feeding for nearly half of the people on earth. In order to meet the increasing demand for rice, it is necessary to reduce the yield gap between irrigated and rainfed rice agroecosystem; therefore, a descriptive approach is used to estimate the yield gap (Yg) between irrigated (Yp) and rainfed rice agroecosystems (Yw) and identify its key factors. This research aimed to identify the causes of the yield gap between irrigated and rainfed rice agroecosystems and evaluate the causes of the yield gap so as to minimize the yield gap. This research had been conducted from December 2021 to April 2022 in two different locations, an irrigated and a rainfed rice agroecosystem (planted between M. cajuputi stands). Fourteen genotypes were grown in a complete randomized block design consisting of three blocks in each location (irrigated and rainfed rice fields). The experimental unit at each research location was 20 m² (4 m × 5 m), and the harvest area was 12 m² (3 m × 4 m), consisting of 192 populations of rice plants. The results showed that soil fertility limiting factors, including total nitrogen, phosphorus and available potassium caused the yield gap. The maximum yield recorded was in G2 (8.83 ton.ha⁻¹) in the irrigated agroecosystem, while the minimum yield was in G8 (0.64 ton.ha⁻¹) in the rainfed agroecosystem. Yield gap analysis revealed a gap of 5.27 ton.ha⁻¹ between the irrigated and rainfed systems. The most significant yield gap was observed in G3 at (6.92 ton.ha⁻¹), whereas the least was in G10 (3.17 ton.ha⁻¹). The genotype G2, exhibiting the highest yield in the irrigated agroecosystem, is recommended for planting, while G4, with a potential yield of 4.14 ton.ha⁻¹, is suggested for rainfed agroecosystems
