Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Hydro-chemical characteristics and evaluation of water quality for irrigation purposes in the Madukismo Sugar Factory Area, Kasihan, Bantul
Full text linkRiver water is crucial for irrigation requirements although it may be jeopardized by both natural phenomena and anthropogenic activity. The rice fields in Mrisi Hamlet, Tirtonirmolo, Bantul are irrigated by water sourced from the vicinity of the Madukismo sugar factory. This raises worries on the contamination of irrigation water by waste from sugar factories, which would subsequently affect rice fields. This study aimed to (i) examine the quality and hydro-chemical features of irrigation water in the study region, and (ii) investigate the impact of irrigation water on NPK concentration in soil and rice yield. The employed research approach is descriptive quantitative. Laboratory analysis was conducted on samples of water, soil, and vegetation. The analysis of water samples was conducted at the source areas, as well as at the inlet, middle, and outflow points of the tertiary irrigation channel traversing the rice fields. Samples were collected from rice fields irrigated with uncontaminated water and those contaminated by sugar industry effluent. The evaluation of irrigation water quality is founded on PP No. 22 of 2021. A statistical study using the ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate plant development across different locales. The study's results indicated a considerable disparity in irrigation air quality between contaminated and unpolluted areas, as evidenced by the metrics of air temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The quality of irrigation water contaminated by sugar industry effluent surpassed the established maximum limit for irrigation water. Nevertheless, the waste from the Madukismo sugar refinery positively influenced plant output. The growth and productivity of rice plants on contaminated soil exceeded those on unpolluted land. The rice yield in the contaminated region was 8,000 kg/Ha, higher than in the control area, which yielded just 4,800 kg/Ha
Agroclimatic characteristics, nutrient uptake, morphology, and yield of abaca plants (Musa textilis nee) which managed agroforestry in Ngawi
Full text linkThis research aimed to measure microclimate characteristics, evaluate abaca plants nutrient uptake, morphology and yield, and determine the optimal microclimate characteristics on abaca cultivation land managed using teak-based agroforestry in the middle and advanced phases in Ngawi. The research was arranged in a nested design. The parameters observed include agroclimatic characteristics, nutrient uptake, physiology and morphology, as well as yield of abaca plants. The middle phase of abaca-teak agroforestry shows higher humidity and lower temperatures than the advanced phase with a difference of 3% and 1.57ºC, respectively. This is because microclimate in the middle phase is more suitable due to the multistrata canopy structure and greater plant diversity. The absorption all of macro and micro nutrients in the middle phase was better than in the advanced phase, indicating that abaca in the middle phase had more nutrient uptake. The morphological traits of abaca in the middle phase were better and significantly different compared to those in the advanced phase, with the differences in plant height variables of 110.11 cm, apparent stem circumference of 7.99 cm, and number of suckers of 5. Furthermore, in terms of yield characteristics, all variables showed that abaca planted in the middle phase was better than the advanced phase, it can be seen the respective differences in the number of banana fronds is 4 blade, the weight of banana fronds is 2.95 kg/plant, the fresh weight of fiber is 353.66 g/plant, and the weight of dry fiber is 120.67 g/plant
Growth, yield, and yield related characteristics of sweet corn hybrids organically grown in a tropical highland
No full textThe development of organic sweet corn varieties is ideally addressed to have a good adaptation to a variety of environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the performance of 17 sweet corn hybrids, consisting of 15 promising hybrids and 2 commercial hybrids grown organically in the highlands. The study was conducted in Batu City, East Java (1160 m above sea level) and arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Evaluation was carried out on growth performance, productivity, and yield quality. The findings of the study showed that all tested hybrids exhibited good growth performance, as indicated by robust plant and a lot of leave. Nevertheless, Caps 2 x Caps 22, Caps 5 x Caps 17B, Caps 17B x Caps 23, and Caps 22 x Caps 23, respectively, emerged as the best hybrids in terms of overall growth performance. In terms of the productivity and quality of the ears produced, the hybrids Caps 5 x Caps 17B, Caps 5 x Caps 22, Caps 15 x Caps 17A, Caps 17A x Caps 17B, and Caps 17B x Caps 22 demonstrated their superiority in ear yields while meeting all established market quality standards.These findings suggest that, for orgnic production, these five hybrids can serve as the alternative for commercial varieties adressed for conventional production. Further evaluation on the yield stability across environmental conditions is needed to make these hybrids more predictable and dependable for the organic growers
Comparative survey of profitability, production and sustainability between organic and conventional farming (case study on corn, rice and tomato farmers in Minahasa)
Full text linkThis study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap by comparing productivity (yield), profitability (profit margin per hectare), and sustainability index between organic and conventional systems. This study applied a comparative observational design with two treatment groups: organic and conventional farming. Population observed in this study was farmers cultivating rice, corn, and tomatoes in the study area. Sampling was carried out using stratified random sampling based on crop type, ensuring balanced representation across the two farming systems. The sample size was 100 plots per system, resulting in 200 plots. Assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variances were tested using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests, respectively. Independent samples t-tests were conducted at α = 0.05 to compare yield, profit margin, and sustainability index between systems. A two-way ANOVA was performed if a system × crop interaction was significant. Power Analysis via Monte Carlo Simulation was performed to ensure the study has sufficient statistical power (≥ 0.80) to detect the expected differences in yield, profit margin, and sustainability index between organic and conventional systems. Organic farming demonstrates robust advantages in profit and sustainability, with promising but variable impacts on yield. Researchers and policymakers should prioritize adequately powered studies when comparing agronomic performance to ensure that subtle yield effects are not overlooked
Growth and development of ‘sweet net 9’ melon (Cucumis melo L.) in NFT hydroponics as affected by pruning leaves below fruits and foliar application of potassium sulphate (K2SO4)
Full text linkLeaf pruning reduces resource competition, directing assimilates to fruit development, while aging plants require supplemental K to support nutrient uptake. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pruning leave below fruits and foliar application of K₂SO₄ on fruit weight and quality. The experiment was conducted over three months (October–December 2024) in a screenhouse at Pondok Pesantren Aqwamu Qila, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Sampling and analysis were carried out at the Crop Production Management Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. A split-plot design was used with two factors, namely K₂SO₄ concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3 g/L) as the main plot and pruning (with/without) as the subplot, resulting in 8 treatment combinations replicated in 3 blocks. Data were analyzed using split-plot ANOVA in R-Studio, followed by DMRT at a 95% confidence level when significant differences were found. The study showed that pruning significantly increased leaf length (16.49%) and width (20.89%). The application of 0 g/L K₂SO₄ produced the highest harvest index (0.49), though not significantly different compared to that of 2 g/L and 3 g/L. Combining leaf pruning with 2 g/L K₂SO₄ resulted in a high leaf area and LAI (5.68), comparable to non-pruned plants with 3 g/L K₂SO₄ (5.83). This combination also yielded the highest fruit potassium content (1.90%) but lowered fruit sweetness (8.65 ˚Brix). The elevated potassium content may provide health benefits, particularly in reducing blood pressure
Effects of color shade-net on the growth and yield quality of garlic in the lowlands area
No full textGarlic is a bulbous plant that grows and produces superb bulb yields in environments with temperatures between 15−25°C and humidity levels of 60−70%. A challenge in garlic growing in lowland areas is the suboptimal bulb growth caused by elevated air temperatures (23−37°C). Through experimentation with the 'Lumbu Putih' variety, predominantly cultivated at low elevations in Gunung Kidul Regency, the use of shade nets is anticipated to modify the microclimate, hence establishing optimal circumstances for garlic plant development. This research specifically targeted to identify the shade net colors that can alter the microclimate to optimize the development, productivity, and quality of garlic production. The study was performed in Logandeng Village, Playen District, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, at an elevation of approximately 215 meters above sea level. The treatments were organized according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) including three levels: open land as a control, white shade nets, and black shade nets. Each treatment level comprised five replications organized as blocks. The data collected was analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test at a significance threshold of 5%. The findings indicated that the shade net treatment enhanced the leaf count, leaf surface area, plant development rate, and dry weight per plant. The black shade net treatment yielded a superior quantity of cloves and an increased bulb density relative to the white shade net. According to the findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) study, garlic production is directly controlled by the yield component of 96.2% and indirectly affected by the growth component of 88.3%. The yield and growth component factors that generate direct and positive contributions, as indicated by the Stepwise Multiple Regression analysis, include total root length, plant dry weight, bulb diameter, and clove count
Effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn
Full text linkIn Indonesia, corn is an important commodity that serves as the second source of carbohydrates after rice, whose productivity is influenced by management practices applied during cultivation. This research aimed to determine the effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn. This research was arranged in a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design, with different agriculture management practices as treatments, consisting of TI1 = Best Practices (Drip Irrigation + Rice Husk + Mycorrhiza), TI2 = Farmers’ Practices (Furrow Irrigation) + Mycorrhiza, and TI3 = Farmers’ practices (Furrow Irrigation). The data observed were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD at α= 5%. The results showed that the TI1 produced significantly higher plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, weight of cob with cornhusk and kernel dry weight, and effectively suppressed weed growth compared to TI2 and TI3. TI1 produced a significantly higher number of leaves, root dry weight, and total dry weight compared to TI3, but not significantly different compared to TI2. TI1 produced not significantly different stem dry weight and harvest index compared to TI2 and TI3. The kernel dry weight per plant observed in TI1 was 157.63 g, which was 14.22% and 22.91% higher than in TI2 and TI3, respectively. Based on the coefficient correlation and path analysis, the number of leaves, plant height, and total dry weight should be considered as important plant growth variables to produce high kernel dry weight.