Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science)
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Effects of rice husk mulch dosage on the growth and yield of corn
No full textDrought significantly affects corn phenology and yield. Rice husk mulching is a technical cultural strategy to mitigate water stress caused by drought. This research aimed to determine the optimal dosage of rice husk mulch for the growth and yield of corn. Determining the optimal dosage of rice husk mulch is essential for agricultural efficiency, environmental sustainability, and plant health. A single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design was arranged for this research. The treatment consisted of varying dosages of rice husk mulch, namely 2; 4; 6; 8 kg.m⁻² rice husk mulch and without rice husk mulch. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD at α= 5%. The highest of plant height (185.99 cm), number of leaves (12.58), stem diameter (23.32 mm), stem dry weight (146.40 g), leaf dry weight (37.20 g), root dry weight (53.90 g), total dry weight (237.50 g), and suppressed weeds up to 234.47% were achieved in 6 kg.m⁻² rice husk mulch. At this dosage, it impacts the optimal cob weight with cornhusk and the dry weight of the kernels. The optimal dosage of rice husk mulch was 5.9 kg.m⁻². This study shows that optimizing plant height and cob weight with cornhusk per plant are key indicators for achieving high corn yield. The study demonstrates that rice husk mulch can suppress weeds, and enhance corn growth and yield during drought, compared to conditions without rice husk mulch
Impact of organic matter and sand on soil characteristics, leaf area, and chlorophyll of sweet corn (Zea mays saccnutritionta Sturt) on Vertisol from Bojonegoro
Full text linkVertisols contain clay minerals that expand significantly during the rainy season and shrink during the dry season. This condition causes changes in the availability of water and soil ions. This study aimed to examine the effect of adding organic matter (OM) and sand on changes in vertisols and plant growth. The study was conducted using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was 5 kinds of OM: control (B0), 15 tons of banana peel compost ha⁻¹ + cow dung (10:1) (B1), 15 tons of leaf litter compost ha⁻¹ (B2), 15 tons of water hyacinth compost ha⁻¹ + cow dung (1:1) (B3), and 1 ton of biochar ha⁻¹ (B4). The second factor was the provision of sand as much as 3 level, namely: 0% (P0), 20% (P1), and 40% (P2). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. Sweet corn was used as a growth indicator. The observed soil chemical parameters were soil pH, organic C, NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) using standard methods. Leaf area was measured using the Arnon method. The results showed providing banana peel compost + cow dung with 40% sand increased the best NO₃⁻ and soil pH levels. The highest soil C-organic content was found in the treatment with aloe vera compost + cow dung and 0% sand. The best leaf area and plant chlorophyll levels were achieved using banana peel compost + cow dung with 20% sand
Anatomical responses of roots and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) to K fertilization doses
No full textCocoa is one of important commodities for the economy of Indonesia. However, national exports of the commodity has declined due to decreasing of domestic cocoa production. For enhancing cocoa production, potassium fertilization is required. Potassium (K) is an essential macronutrient in the physiology, anatomy, and yields processes. Anatomically, K is needed in the elongation of meristem tissue as well as for increasing the yields of fruit and seed. The objectives of this research included the study of the effect of K fertilizer dose and determination of optimum K doses on root anatomy development as well as the yield of cocoa pods. This research was conducted on the cocoa plantation of PT. Pagilaran. Applied doses of K fertilization consisted of 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 g KCl/plant in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications. Observed variables consisted of root anatomy and yield of cocoa pods. The results indicated that the dose of K fertilization significantly influenced both stele and xylem diameters of cocoa roots but insignificantly effected the thickness of cork tissue, phloem diameter, and the thickness of cambium tissue. Moreover, the dose also showed significant effect on the number of beans per pod, the weight of 100 beans, as well as the fresh and dry weight of beans per plant. It was also revealed that the dose showed no significant effect on length, diameter, and weight of the cocoa pods. It implied that K fertilization dose had effect on root anatomical properties and yield of cacao.
Sweet corn windbreaker’s effect on microweather changes and increases growth and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.) on the Samas coastal sandy land
Full text linkHigh wind speed is one of the limiting factors for plant cultivation in coastal sandy land. To mitigate this, sweet corn, an annual plant, can be cultivated as a windbreaker. Water spinach is one of the short-lived plants cultivated by farmers in coastal sandy land. The study aimed to figure out the microweather change, growth, and yield of water spinach protected by sweet corn as windbreaker in various planting locations in Samas coastal sandy land. The research had been conducted in Samas coastal sandy land, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, from October to November 2022. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design non-factorial, containing five treatment levels and four repetitions. The treatment of the planting location of sweet corn as a windbreaker is without sweet corn, sweet corn positioned on the “east”, sweet corn on the “east and west”, sweet corn on the “south”, and sweet corn on the “south and north”. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if the difference was marked, the data analysis was proceeded to Tukey HSD with α = 5%. The results showed that sweet corn windbreaker placed on the “east” was the most effective in decreasing wind speed, thereby modifying the microweather of water spinach plot by lowering air temperature and increasing air humidity and soil moisture content during November on the Samas coastal sandy land. Growth, dry matter accumulation, and water spinach yield increased, although the dry harvest index and fresh harvest index did not show any improvement
Effects of water hyacinth compost and biological agents (Trichoderma sp) on the growth and yield of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) in dry land
Full text linkShallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of leading vegetable commodities intensively cultivated by farmers for a long time, including farmers in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT). The purpose of this study was to produce water hyacinth compost with ability to interact with Trichoderma sp. in order to improve the shallot bulb quality cultivated in dry land. This factorial experimental research was arranged in a Split Plot Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications. There were 10 treatment combinations with 30 experimental plots. Two factors were tested in this research. The first factor was the water hyacinth compost as the main plot, namely: 15 ton ha⁻¹ water hyacinth compost (K1) and without water hyacinth compost (K2), while the second factor as a sub-plot was the concentration of Trichoderma sp., consisting of watering with plain water (as control) of 100 mL(P0), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 5 mL.L⁻¹ (P1), watering with a concentration of Trichoderma sp. 10 mL.L⁻¹ (P2), watering with Trichoderma sp. concentration 15 mL.L⁻¹ (P3) and watering with Trichoderma sp. 20 mL.L⁻¹ (P4). The treatment of water hyacinth compost fertilizer at 15 tons ha⁻¹ with a concentration of Trichoderma sp 20 mL.L⁻¹ resulted in the highest number of shallot leaves (84.27 strands) and tillers (10.82). The shallot bulb weight per plot was 2455.33 g, and the number of bulbs per plot was 350.40 bulbs
Sugarcane leaf litter biomass and its effects on increasing sugarcane drought stress tolerance and reducing CO₂ emissions
No full textBurning biomass on sugarcane plantations can lead to pollution (CO₂ emissions) and degradation in soil properties. Adopting non-burning technology can increase the value of biomass by applying it directly to the soil, although this may result in nutrient immobilization, which can hinder optimal plant growth due to high lignin and cellulose content or high CN ratio. On the contrary, composting waste with a decomposer will boost plant nutrient availability and enhance other soil characteristics. This research was aimed to assess the effect of several types of sugarcane organic matter on improving soil characteristics, growth of sugarcane and the CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted using a Completely Randomized Factorial Design with two factors: type of organic matter (control, fresh litter and compost of sugarcane biomass) and level of drought stress (100, 75, 50 and 25%). Incubation occurred over 16 weeks, divided into two phases of 8 weeks each. The results showed that the application of organic materials in the form of compost could reduce water loss caused by environmental heat and sugarcane growing process. Furthermore, compost application improved soil chemical and biological properties by increasing soil pH, total nitrogen (N), total phosphate (P), total potassium (K), and the total microbial population, although differences were not significant compared to the control. Additionally, applying organic matter in the form of compost or litter helped suppress or reduce emissions, with compost treatment proving more effective than litter in reducing CO₂ emissions
Effects of explants and culture medium compositions on quality of chrysanthemum ‘Jayanti Agrihorti’ rooted cuttings
Full text link'Jayanti Agrihorti' is a superior chrysanthemum therefore rooted cuttings quality is required. In vitro propagation increases the rate of propagation and produces true-to-type plants. The research to obtain the best explants and culture medium composition that is capable of producing high-quality plants. The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the explant, including the apical shoot of 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, and the nodal segment. The second factor was in vitro culture medium composition (CP), consisting of CP1 (Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃) for subculture), CP2 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ benzyl amino purine (BAP) for initiation, followed by MS for subculture), CP3 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture), and CP4 (MS + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for subculture). Acclimatization was performed after third subculture. The apical shoot size of 0.5−1.0 cm is optimum for producing chrysanthemum-rooted cuttings. Meanwhile, MS medium for initiation stage, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture is the best culture medium composition for in vitro propagation. This explant and culture medium composition produced higher chlorophyll a, b, and a+b content, thereby resulting in higher plant, more leaves, larger stem diameter, and longer root length. This are recommended for chrysanthemum propagation, particularly in 'Jayanti Agrihorti'
Humic acid enriched with urea and NPK factory by-products promoted the growth and yield of Saccharum officinarum L.
Full text linkNutrient uptake efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) must be increased using organic matter to restore soil fertility, resulting in greater productivity. The humic substance is a complex organic material that is excellent for overcoming this challenge. This study aimed to determine the effect of the humic acid enriched by liquid urea by-product (PSUC) and liquid NPK by-product (PSNC) application on the growth and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022 on PT RNI plantation land, Jatitujuh, Majalengka. The research was arranged in a completely randomized (CRD) using two different humic acid product prototypes (PSUC and PSNC) with two evaluation times, a screening and a semi-pilot scale. Solid humic at a dose of 15 Kg ha⁻¹ was applied by mixing it with inorganic fertilizers, while liquid humic at a total dose of 15 L ha⁻¹ was applied by foliar spray technique at 1, 2, and 3 months after planting (MAP). The results showed that applying humic acid PSUC and PSNC enhanced sugarcane shoot growth, segmented stem number, and diameter. In addition, it could consistently promote sugarcane yields on the semi-pilot scale up to 19.18% and 24.26% under humic acid PSUC and PSNC treatments, respectively. Therefore, both in the screening and semi-pilot evaluation, the solid and liquid humic acid PSUC and PSNC applied simultaneously are potential organic materials to enhance sugarcane growth and yield
