7 research outputs found
Photograph Identification
No full textA presentation of the author's ongoing research into the preservation, dating and identification of subjects of photographs taken in the period 1860 to 1910. Particular emphasis is given to carte-de-visite and cabinets of Armidale photographers Andrew Cunningham, HB Solomons & WD Solomons. Most of the subjects in the photographic examples discussed, are relatives of the author, in particular of ancestors of early settlers in the Armidale Region: John Nelson Ingram Moore, William Cleghorn, John Dallison Bradley and Joseph Scholes. To put the photographs in context, some brief details of these families are also discussed
Pilot-scale thermal treatment of atuomotive shredder residue: Pyrolysis chair is a resource or waste
No full textChallenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal
No full textThe challenge for the automotive industry is how to ensure they adopt the circular economy when it comes to the disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELV). According to the European Commission the UK achieved a total reuse and recovery rate of 88%. This is short of the revised ELV directive target of 95% materials recovery, which requires a minimum of 85% of materials to be recycled or reused. A significant component of the recycling process is the production of automotive shredder residue (ASR). This is currently landfilled across Europe. The additional 10% could be met by processing ASR through either waste-to-energy facilities or Post shredder technology (PST) to recover materials. The UK auto and recycling sectors claimed there would need to be a massive investment by their members in both new capacity and new technology for PST to recover additional recycle materials. It has been shown that 50% of the ASR contains valuable recoverable materials which could be used to meet the Directive target. It is expected in the next 5years that technological innovation in car design will change the composition from easily recoverable metal to difficult polymers. This change in composition will impact on the current drive to integrate the European Circular Economy Package. A positive factor is that main driver for using ASR is coming from the metals recycling industry itself. They are looking to develop the infrastructure for energy generation from ASR and subsequent material recovery. This is driven by the economics of the process rather than meeting the Directive targets. The study undertaken has identified potential pathways and barriers for commercial thermal treatment of ASR. The results of ASR characterisation were used to assess commercial plants from around the world. Whilst there were many claiming that processing of ASR was possible none have so far shown both the technological capability and economic justification. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The 2014-17 Global Coral Bleaching Event: The Most Severe and Widespread Coral Reef Destruction
No full textOcean warming is increasing the incidence, scale, and severity of global-scale coral bleaching and mortality, culminating in the third global coral bleaching event that occurred during record marine heatwaves of 2014-2017. While local effects of these events have been widely reported, the global implications remain unknown. Analysis of 15,066 reef surveys during 2014-2017 revealed that 80% of surveyed reefs experienced significant coral bleaching and 35% experienced significant coral mortality. The global extent of significant coral bleaching and mortality was assessed by extrapolating results from reef surveys using comprehensive remote-sensing data of regional heat stress. This model predicted that 51% of the world’s coral reefs suffered significant bleaching and 15% significant mortality, surpassing damage from any prior global bleaching event. These observations demonstrate that global warming’s widespread damage to coral reefs is accelerating and underscores the threat anthropogenic climate change poses for the irreversible transformation of these essential ecosystems.The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch program and National Coral Reef Monitoring Program were supported by funding from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and Ocean Remote Sensing Program. University of Maryland and ReefSense personnel were fully supported by NOAA grant NA19NES4320002 (Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies) at the University of Maryland/Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, and by the Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Program (ProTech)-Satellite contract with Global Science & Technology, Inc. Funding for data collation and analysis provided by Vulcan Inc. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. Figure 4 inspired by a National Geographic infographic [57]. We thank J. Moneghetti for assistance with statistical programming
Readiness of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter for LHC collisions
No full textThe ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter has been operating continuously since August 2006. At this time, only part of the calorimeter was readout, but since the beginning of 2008, all calorimeter cells have been connected to the ATLAS readout system in preparation for LHC collisions. This paper gives an overview of the liquid argon calorimeter performance measured in situ with random triggers, calibration data, cosmic muons, and LHC beam splash events. Results on the detector operation, timing performance, electronics noise, and gain stability are presented. High energy deposits from radiative cosmic muons and beam splash events allow to check the intrinsic constant term of the energy resolution. The uniformity of the electromagnetic barrel calorimeter response along η (averaged over φ) is measured at the percent level using minimum ionizing cosmic muons. Finally, studies of electromagnetic showers from radiative muons have been used to cross-check the Monte Carlo simulation. The performance results obtained using the ATLAS readout, data acquisition, and reconstruction software indicate that the liquid argon calorimeter is well-prepared for collisions at the dawn of the LHC era
The ATLAS simulation infrastructure
No full textThe simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes
