522,999 research outputs found

    M. C. K. Withell

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    "VX 137097 Sig M.C.K. Withell. 7 Aust. Inf. Bn(A.I.F.) Feb 1942 - Oct 1943 I was there when Australia needed me."VX 137097 Sig M.C.K. Withell. 7th Australian Infantry Battalion (Australian Imperial Forces) February 1942 - October 1943. I was there when Australia needed m

    P e n e r a p a n M o d e l P e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C D a l a m M e n i n g k a t k a n K e m a m p u a n M e m b a c a P e m a h a m a n S i s w a K e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t B a n y u w a n g i T a h u n P e l a j a r a n 2 0 1 1 / 2 0 1 2

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    D a l a m K u r i k u l u m T i n g k a t S a t u a n P e n d i d i k a n ( K T S P ) m a t a p e l a j a r a n B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a u n t u k S D K e l a s I V s e m e s t e r 2 , S t a n d a r K o m p e t e n s i y a n g h a r u s d i c a p a i s i s w a a d a l a h 1 ) m e n d e n g a r k a n p e n g u m u m a n d a n p e m b a c a a n p a n t u n , 2 ) m e n g u n g k a p k a n p i k i r a n , p e r a s a a n , d a n i n f o r m a s i d e n g a n b e r b a l a s p a n t u n d a n b e r t e l e p o n , 3 ) m e m a h a m i t e k s m e l a l u i m e m b a c a i n t e n s i f , m e m b a c a n y a r i n g , d a n m e m b a c a p a n t u n 4 ) m e n g u n g k a p k a n p i k i r a n , p e r a s a a n , d a n i n f o r m a s i s e c a r a t e r t u l i s d a l a m b e n t u k k a r a n g a n , p e n g u m u m a n , d a n p a n t u n a n a k . S e d a n g k a n K o m p e t e n s i D a s a r y a n g h a r u s d i c a p a i s i s w a a d a l a h 1 ) m e n y a m p a i k a n k e m b a l i i s i p e n g u m u m a n y a n g d i b a c a , 2 ) b e r b a l a s p a n t u n d e n g a n l a f a l d a n i n t o n a s i y a n g t e p a t , 3 ) m e n e m u k a m k a l i m a t u t a m a p a d a t i a p p a r a g r a f m e l a l u i m e m b a c a i n t e n s i f , 4 ) m e n y u s u n k a r a n g a n t e n t a n g b e r b a g a i t o p i k s e d e r h a n a d e n g a n m e m p e r h a t i k a n p e n g g u n a a n e j a a n ( h u r u f b e s a r , t a n d a t i t i k , t a n d a k o m a d a n l a i n l a i n ) . B e r d a s a r k a n K o m p e t e n s i D a s a r d i a t a s , h a l y a n g h a r u s d i c a p a i s i s w a a d a l a h s i s w a d a p a t m e m b a c a s e c a r a c e r m a t u n t u k m e m a h a m i s u a t u t e k s s e c a r a t e p a t , a k u r a t l e n g k a p , d a n k r i t i s t e r h a d a p f a k t a k o n s e p , g a g a s a n , p e n d a p a t , p e n g a l a m a n , p e s a n , d a n p e r a s a a n y a n g a d a p a d a w a c a n a t u l i s . P a d a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t d i t e m u k a n b e b e r a p a p e r m a s a l a h a n d a l a m h a l m e n e m u k a n k a l i m a t u t a m a . D i a n t a r a n y a 1 ) k u r a n g n y a k e m a m p u a n m e m b a c a p e m a h a m a n s i s w a , 2 ) b e l u m a d a n y a p e n e r a p a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n . D e n g a n p e r m a s a l a h a n t e r s e b u t m a k a p e n e l i t i m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n e r a p k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C p a d a p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n . B e r d a s a r k a n h a s i l o b s e r v a s i d a p a t d i k e m u k a k a n r u m u s a n m a s a l a h y a i t u 1 ) b a g a i m a n a k a h p e n e r a p a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C y a n g d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n m e m b a c a p e m a h a m a n s i s w a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t B a n y u w a n g i ? 2 ) b a g a i m a n a k a h p e n i n g k a t a n k e m a m p u a n m e m b a c a v i i i http://library.unej.ac.id/ http://library.unej.ac.id/ http://library.unej.ac.id/ http://library.unej.ac.id/ p e m a h a m a n s e t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e m b e l a j a r a n m e l a l u i m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C p a d a s i s w a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t B a n y u w a n g i ? . T u j u a n y a n g i n g i n d i c a p a i d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i p e n e r a p a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C y a n g d a p a t m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n m e m b a c a p e m a h a m a n p a d a s i s w a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t B a n y u w a n g i s e r t a u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e m a m p u a n m e m b a c a p e m a h a m a n s e t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e m b e l a j a r a n m e l a l u i p e n a r a p a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C p a d a s i s w a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t B a n y u w a n g i J e n i s p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h P e n e l i t i a n T i n d a k a n K e l a s ( P T K ) . P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n d i S D N I I K a b a t K e c a m a t a n K a b a t K a b u p a t e n B a n y u w a n g i . S u b j e k p e n e l i t i a n a d a l a h s e l u r u h s i s w a k e l a s I V S D N I I K a b a t y a n g b e r j u m l a h 1 6 s i s w a . M e t o d e p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h t e s , o b s e r v a s i , w a w a n c a r a d a n d o k u m e n t a s i . P r o s e d u r p e n e l i t i a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a 4 t a h a p y a i t u : p e r e n c a n a a n , t i n d a k a n , p e n g a m a t a n d a n r e f l e k s i . P e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n 2 s i k l u s y a i t u s i k l u s 1 d a n s i k l u s 2 . H a s i l p e n e r a p a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n C I R C i n i y a i t u s i s w a d a p a t t e r m o t i v a s i b e l a j a r d e n g a n p e n g g u n a a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n g u r u , s e h i n g g a m e m o t i v a s i s i s w a d a l a m m e n e m u k a n k a l i m a t u t a m a d a n a k i b a t n y a h a s i l b e l a j a r s i s w a u n t u k s i k l u s 1 m e n c a p a i r a t a r a t a s k o r 7 0 , 1 9 d a r i 1 6 s i s w a . P a d a s i k l u s 2 t e r j a d i p e n i n g k a t a n h a s i l b e l a j a r y a n g h a s i l n y a m e n c a p a i s k o r 7 8 , 4 1 s e c a r a k l a s i k a l d a r i 1 6 s i s w a . P e n i n g k a t a n t e r s e b u t t e r j a d i k a r e n a p a d a s i k l u s I I g u r u d a l a m m e n y a m p a i k a n m a t e r i p e m b e l a j a r a n s u a r a g u r u s u d a h t e r d e n g a r n y a r i n g d a n j e l a s . T u j u a n n y a a g a r s i s w a d a p a t m e n e r i m a m a t e r i y a n g d i s a m p a i k a n g u r u d e n g a n j e l a s , p a d a s a a t p e m b e l a j a r a n s i s w a t i d a k g a d u h s e p e r t i p a d a s a a t p e m b e l a j a r a n s i k l u s I d a n s i s w a s u d a h l e b i h a k t i f d i a k h i r p e m b e l a j a r a n . P e n e l i t i m e n y a r a n k a n a g a r g u r u S D d a p a t m e m a n f a a t k a n m o d e l p e m b e l a j a r a n y a n g m e n a r i k a g a r d a p a t m e m o t i v a s i s e m a n g a t b e l a j a r s i s w a ; u n t u k s i s w a h e n d a k n y a l e b i h b e r s e m a n g a t k e t i k a p r o s e s p e m b e l a j a r a n d a n m e n g e m u k a k a n i d e n y a a g a r p e n g e t a h u a n n y a b e r t a m b a h b a n y a k , t i d a k p e r l u m a l u u n t u k m e n y a m p a i k a n p e r t a n y a a n d a n p e n d a p a t y a n g d i m i l i k i

    Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ

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    The ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5. The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%. Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations

    Measurement of the isospin asymmetry in B -> K(*) mu+mu- decays

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    The isospin asymmetries of B → K (∗) μ + μ − decays and the partial branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B + → K ∗+ μ + μ − are measured as a function of the di-muon mass squared q 2 using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected with the LHCb detector. The B → Kμ + μ − isospin asymmetry integrated over q 2 is negative, deviating from zero with over 4 σ significance. The B → K ∗ μ + μ − decay measurements are consistent with the Standard Model prediction of negligible isospin asymmetry. The observation of the decay B 0 → K S μ + μ − is reported with 5.7 σ significance. Assuming that the branching fraction of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − is twice that of B 0 → K S μ + μ −, the branching fractions of B 0 → K 0 μ + μ − and B → K ∗+ μ + μ − are found to be (0.31−0.06) × 10−6 and (1.16 ± 0.19) × 10−6, respectively

    A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e L e v e l s o f P a r a t h y r o i d H o r m o n e , O e s t r o g e n a n d S e l e c t e d B o n e M i n e r a l s i n M e n o p a u s a l W o m e n

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    M e n o p a u s e i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h v a r i o u s p h y s i o l o g i c a l a n d b i o c h e m i c a l c h a n g e s t h a t h a v e e f f e c t s o n b o n e m i n e r a l s a n d t h e i r m e t a b o l i s m . T h e r e h a v e b e e n a l o t o f c o m p l a i n t s a b o u t b o n e p a i n s a n d b o n e r e l a t e d p r o b l e m s e s p e c i a l l y a m o n g m i d d l e a g e d w o m e n . T h u s , t h e w o r k w a s d e s i g n e\ud d t o a s s e s s a n d c o m p a r e t h e l e v e l s o f p a r a t h y r o i d h o r m o n e ( P T H ) , o e s t r o g e n a n d s e l e c t e d b o n e m i n e r a l s ( c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t e ) i n p r e - a n d p o s t - m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n . A t o t a l o f o n e h u n d r e d s u b j e c t s w e r e i n v e s t i g a t e d . T h e y c o m p r i s e d f i f t y p r e - m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n w i t h i n t h e a g e s o f 2 0 y e a r s a n d 4 5 y e a r s a n d f i f t y p o s t - m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n w i t h i n t h e a g e s o f 5 0 y e a r s a n d 6 5 y e a r s . T h e l e v e l s o f p a r a t h y r o i d h o r m o n e , o e s t r o g e n , c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t e w e r e m e a s u r e d i n t h e s u b j e c t s . P a r a t h y r o i d h o r m o n e a n d o e s t r o g e n w e r e a n a l y z e d u s i n g e n z y m e i m m u n o a s s a y t e c h n i q u e w h i l e c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t e w e r e a n a l y z e d u s i n g s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r i c m e t h o d . T h e r e s u l t s s h o w e d t h a t p a r a t h y r o i d h o r m o n e , c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t e w e r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e d ( p < 0 . 0 5 ) w h i l e t h e r e w a s d e c r e a s e i n o e s t r o g e n i n p o s t - m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n c o m p a r e d w i t h p r e m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n . P T H a n d o e s t r o g e n c o r r e l a t e d s i g n i f i c a n t l y a t ( p < 0 . 0 1 ) i n b o t h p r e - a n d p o s t m e n o p a u s e . T h i s s t u d y c o n c l u d e d t h a t p o s t m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n h a v e i n c r e a s e d s e r u m l e v e l s o f p a r a t h y r o i d h o r m o n e , c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t e b u t d e c r e a s e d s e r u m l e v e l o f o e s t r o g e n . S i g n i f i c a n t p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n e x i s t s b e t w e e n P T H a n d o e s t r o g e n i n b o t h p r e - a n d p o s t m e n o p a u s e b u t n o s i g n i f i c a n t r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n P T H a n d o e s t r o g e n w i t h c a l c i u m a n d p h o s p h a t

    K a j i a n F i s i o l o g i s B i j i K o p i R o b u s t a D a n A r a b i k a S e l a m a P r o s e s P r a P e r k e c a m b a h a n

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    R I N G K A S A N K o p i m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u m i n u m a n y a n g p a l i n g d i s u k a i o l e h s e m u a o r a n g d i d u n i a . M i n u m k o p i b i s a m e n y e g a r k a n t u b u h , k a r e n a m e n g a n d u n g s e k i t a r 1 1 0 1 5 0 m g k a f e i n p e r c a n g k i r . K a f e i n a d a l a h s e n y a w a a l a m i d a l a m b i j i k o p i , y a n g d a p a t m e r a n g s a n g s i s t e m s a r a f p u s a t , r e l a k s a s i o t o t p o l o s , d a n m e r a n g s a n g d i u r e s i s . N a m u n , k a f e i n t i d a k b a i k u n t u k k e s e h a t a n k h u s u s n y a b a g i p e m i n u m k o p i y a n g s e n s i t i f t e r h a d a p b a h a n i n i . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e g u n a a n d a r i k o p i s e b a g a i m i n u m a n y a n g m e n y e g a r k a n d a n m e m i l i k i e f e k y a n g b a i k p a d a k e s e h a t a n , p e n t i n g u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n e l i t i a n t e n t a n g p r a p e r k e c a m b a h a n b i j i k o p i . P e n e l i t i a n i n i b e r t u j u a n u n t u k m e n e n t u k a n e f e k m e t o d e p r a p e r k e c a m b a h a n u n t u k m e n g u b a h k a n d u n g a n d a r i k a r b o h i d r a t , p r o t e i n , l e m a k , p o l i f e n o l d a n a n t i o k s i d a n b i j i k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a . P e r c o b a a n d i l a k u k a n d i L a b o r a t o r i u m G e n e t i k a d a n P e m u l i a a n T a n a m a n D e p a r t e m e n A g r o n o m i , F a k u l t a s P e r t a n i a n , U n i v e r s i t a s J e m b e r , d i l a k s a n a k a n m u l a i t a n g g a l 1 J u n i 2 0 1 2 s a m p a i 2 8 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 2 . B i j i k o p i A r a b i k a d a n R o b u s t a d i p e r o l e h d a r i D u s u n M a g e r s a r i , D e s a B a d e a n , J e m b e r J a w a T i m u r . P e n e l i t i a n d i l a k u k a n p a d a 2 j e n i s k o p i ( A r a b i k a d a n R o b u s t a ) s e l a m a 1 s a m p a i 7 h a r i d e n g a n d i u l a n g 3 k a l i . P a r a m e t e r y a n g d i a m a t i a n t a r a l a i n : k a n d u n g a n k a r b o h i d r a t , p r o t e i n , l e m a k , p o l i f e n o l d a n a n t i o k s i d a n d a l a m b i j i k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a . H a s i l p e n e l i t i a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a m e t o d e p r a p e r k e c a m b a h a n m e m b e r i k a n p e n g a r u h t i d a k n y a t a t e r h a d a p k a n d u n g a n k a r b o h i d r a t b i j i k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a . K a n d u n g a n k a r b o h i d r a t t e r t i n g g i k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a t e r d a p a t p a d a p e r l a k u a n 1 h a r i y a i t u s e b e s a r 2 , 5 % u n t u k k o p i r o b u s t a d a n 2 , 3 % u n t u k k o p i a r a b i k a . U m u m n y a , m e t o d e p r a p e r k e c a m b a h a n b i j i k o p i m e n y e b a b k a n p e n u r u n a n k a n d u n g a n p r o t e i n d a l a m b i j i k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a . K a n d u n g a n t o t a l p o l i f e n o l m e n i n g k a t s e l a m a p r o s e s p r a p e r k e c a m b a h a n p a d a k o p i r o b u s t a d a n a r a b i k a y a i t u m a s i n g m a s i n g s e b e s a r 0 , 3 % d a n 1 , 4 8 % , d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n p o l i f e n o l t e r t i n g g i p a d a p e r l a k u a n 2 h a r i ( 0 , 1 4 u n t u k k o p i r o b u s t a s e d a n g k a n p a d a k o p i a r a b i k a p a d a p e r l a k u a n 4 h a r i s e b e s a r ( 0 , 1 8 % )

    Measurement of the B0→K∗0e+e− branching fraction at low dilepton mass

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    The branching fraction of the rare decay B 0 → K ∗0 e + e − in the dilepton mass region from 30 to 1000 MeV/c 2 has been measured by the LHCb experiment, using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The decay mode B 0 → J/ψ (e + e −)K ∗0 is utilized as a normalization channel. The branching fraction B(B0→K∗0e+e−) is measured to be B(B0→K∗0e+e−)30−1000MeV/c2 =(3.1+0.9−0.8+0.2−0.3±0.2)×10−7, where the first error is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third comes from the uncertainties on the B 0 → J/ψ K ∗0 and J/ψ → e + e − branching fractions

    K E A N E K A R A G A M A N JE N I S I K A N D I B L O K B E D U L S E G O R O A N A K T A M A N N A S I O N A L A L A S PU R WO

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    T a m a n N a s i ona l A l a s P ur w o m e r up a ka n s a l a h s a t u da r i 50 t a m a n n a s i ona l y a n g a d a di I ndone s i a . Ta m a n N a s i ona l A l a s P ur w o t e r l e t a k di K e c a m a t a n Te ga l dl i m o da n K e c a m a t a n P ur w oha r j o , K a bu pa t e n B a n y uw a n g i , J a w a Ti m ur , I ndon e s i a . S e g or o A na k y a n g t e r da p a t di B e dul A l a s P ur w o m e r up a ka n s e bua h t e l uk ke c i l s e pa nj a n g 18,8 km de nga n l e b a r r a t a r a t a 40 0 m . S e g o r o A na k t e r k e n a l s e ba ga i pa nt a i y a n g m e m i l i ki ka w a s a n hut a n m a n g r o ve t e r l ua s di J a w a Ti m ur . S e c a r a e kol og i s hut a n m a n g r ov e be r f un g s i s e ba ga i t e m pa t pe m i j a ha n P a da pe ne l i t i a n i ni , pe n ga m bi l a n s a m pe l i ka n di l a kuka n pa da bul a n j uni 2 012 de nga n m e n gg un a ka n m e t ode s i s t e m s t a s i un. P e ng a m bi l a n s p e s i m e n i k a n di l a kuka n pa da 10 s t a s i un de n ga n j a r a k a nt a r s t a s i un a d a l a h 500 m e t e r . U kur a n s e t i a p s t a s i un y a i t u 100 x 100 m e t e r . P e ng uku r a n j a r a k a nt a r s t a s i un m e ngg un a ka n G P S da n unt uk m e ne nt uka n a r a h d a l a m pe nga m bi l a n s pe s i m e n p a da s e t i a p s t a s i un m e n gguna ka n a l a t k om pa s pr e s m a t i k. P e ng um pul a n s pe s i m e n i ka n di s e t i a p s t a s i un di l a kuka n m e ngg un a ka n a l a t be r up a j a l a t e ba r da n pa nc i n g y a n g di l a kuka n s e l a m a 30 m e ni t de nga n pe n gul a n g a n 5 ka l i . S pe s i m e n i ka n y a ng di pe r o l e h s e l a nj ut n y a di hi t ung j e ni s n y a da n j um l a h i nd i vi du p a da t i a p j e ni s n y a , ke m udi a n di f i ks a s i m e ngg una k a n f or m a l i n 5 % d a n di be r i l a be l y a n g be r i s i da t a l a pa nga n . F a kt or a bi ot i k y a ng di ukur a da l a h s uhu, pH , k e c e r a h a n, s a l i ni t a s , a r us a i r , B O D da n C O D .H a s i l pe ne l i t i a n m e nunj u kka n ba hw a di S e g or o A na k di t e m uka n 13 j e ni s i ka n da r i 12 f a m i l i da n 13 g e nus de ng a n j um l a h s e l ur uh i ka n y a n g di t e m uka n s e ba n y a k 319 s pe s i m e n . J e ni s i k a n t e r s e but a da l a h Eph i ne phe l us c oi oi de s , D i pl ogr am m us gor am e ns i s , Ac e nt r ogo bi us c ani nus , Pom adas y s ar ge nt e us , T ox ot e s j ac ul at r i x , Apogon s a ngi e ns i s , Z e nar c hopt e r us s p, Pl e c t or hi nc hus gi bbos us , L ut j anus f ul v i f l am m a, C ar anx s e x f as c i at us , M onodac t y l us ar ge nt e us , Si l l ago s i ham a da n T e r apon t he r aps . N i l a i i nde ks ke a ne ka r a g a m a n j e ni

    Study of B-meson decays to eta K-c(*), eta(c)(2S)K(*), and eta(c)gamma K(*)

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    We study two-body B-meson decays to a charmonium state (eta(c), eta(c)(2S) or h(c)) and a K+ or K-*0(892) meson using a sample of 349 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We measure B(B-0 -> eta K-c*(0)) = (5.7 +/- 0.6(stat) +/- 0.9(syst)) x 10(-4), B(B-0 -> eta(c)(2S)K*(0)) h(c)K(+)) x B(h(c) -> eta(c)gamma) h(c)K*(0)) x B(h(c) -> eta(c)gamma) K (K) over bar pi) = (1.9 +/- 0.4(stat) +/- 1.1(syst))%. We also measure the mass and width of the eta(c) meson to be m(eta(c)) = (2985.8 +/- 1.5(stat) +/- 3.1(syst)) MeV/c(2) and Gamma(eta(c)) = (36.3(-3.6)(+3.7)(stat) +/- 4.4(syst)) MeV

    E F F E C T S O F I N T E R N A L C O N T R O L S Y S T E M S O N R I S K M A N A G E M E N T I N C O M M E R C I A L B A N K S I N N A K U R U T O W N

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    F r e q u e n t r e p o r t s o f f r a u d s i n t h e f i n a n c i a l s e c t o r i n K e n y a e s p e c i a l l y w i t h i n t h e B a n k i n g s e c t o r h a v e b e e n r e p o r t e d o v e r t h e l a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s ( 2 0 0 8 - 2014) . I n t h e s e c o n d q u a r t e r o f 2 0 1 0 , o u t o f 1 0 2 c o r p o r a t e f r a u d c a s e s r e p o r t e d i n K e n y a , a l l w e r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n a d e q u a t e r i s k c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s b y c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s . E x p o s u r e t o s u c h r i s k s a f f e c t n o t o n l y t h e i r b o t t o m l i n e s , b u t a l s o l e a d s t o s u b s t a n t i a l r e d u c t i o n i n r e s o u r c e s , s e v e r e d i s r u p t i o n s t o t h e f l o w o f i n f o r m a t i o n a n d c o m m u n i c a t i o n , l o s s o f r e c o r d s a m o n g o t h e r s . T h e p u r p o s e o f t h e s t u d y t h e r e f o r e s o u g h t t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t s o f i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m s o n r i s k m a n a g e m e n t i n c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s i n N a k u r u . T h e s p e c i f i c o b j e c t i v e s w e r e : t o a s s e s s t h e e f f e c t o f i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l c o m p o n e n t s o n t h e r i s k m a n a g e m e n t o f c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s , t o a s s e s s t h e e f f e c t o f i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s o n r i s k m a n a g e m e n t o f c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s , a n d t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t o f i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e s o n r i s k m a n a g e m e n t o f c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s . T h e s t u d y a d o p t e d a d e s c r i p t i v e s u r v e y d e s i g n . T h e t a r g e t p o p u l a t i o n c o m p r i s e d o f 2 8 C o m m e r c i a l B a n k s i n N a k u r u T o w n . A c e n s u s w a s e m p l o y e d a n d t w o r e s p o n d e n t s p e r b a n k ( o n e f r o m c r e d i t a n d one f r o m o p e r a t i o n s d e p a r t m e n t ) w e r e p u r p o s i v e l y s e l e c t e d t h u s t o t a l i n g t o 5 6 r e s p o n d e n t s . D a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d u s i n g s t r u c t u r e d q u e s t i o n n a i r e s . D a t a w e r e a n a l y z e d u s i n g d e s c r i p t i v e a n a l y s i s b y u s e o f C h i s q u a r e w h i l e C o r e l a t i o n a n a l y s i s a n d m u l t i p l e r e g r e s s i o n w e r e u s e d f o r i n f e r e n t i a l s t a t i s t i c s . T h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s t u d y s h o w e d t h a t i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l c o m p o n e n t s ( r = . 720 , α = 0 . 0 1 ) , i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l m e a s u r e ( r = . 7 4 3 , α = 0 . 0 1 ) , a n d i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e ( r = . 701 , α = 0 . 0 1 ) w e r e p o s i t i v e l y a n d s i g n i f i c a n t l y c o r r e l a t e d t o r i s k m a n a g e m e n t . M u l t i p l e r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s s h o w e d t h a t i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l c o m p o n e n t s ( β = 0 . 4 8 5 ) , i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l m e a s u r e ( β = 0 . 1 8 9 ) , a n d i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l p r o c e d u r e ( β = 0 . 0 8 6 ) w h e n r e g r e s s e d a g a i n s t B a n k s r i s k m a n a g e m e n t i n N a k u r u T o w n . A d j u s t e d r 2 w a s 0 . 8 7 i m p l y i n g t h a t t h e r e g r e s s i o n m o d e l can e x p l a i n 8 7 % o f t h e v a r i a b i l i t y . T h e s t u d y c o n c l u d e s t h a t b a n k i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s s h o u l d s t r i v e f o r t i g h t e r i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m s o n m i t i g a t i n g r i s k s t h r o u g h c o m p o n e n t s , m e a s u r e s a n d p r o c e d u r e s . I t i s r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t a t t e n t i o n b e g i v e n t o t h e s t r o n g i n f l u e n c e s o n t h e i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m s o f c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s w h i l e s t r a t e g i c o b j e c t i v e s a n d r i s k m a n a g e m e n t p o l i c y o f t h e c o m p a n y b e d e t e r m i n e d a t t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d s e n i o r m a n a g e m e n t b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e p o l i c i e s t o b e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o d a i l y o p e r a t i o n s a n d t o d e d i c a t e t h e n e c e s s a r y r e s o u r c e s t o a c h i e v e t h i s . F u r t h e r s t u d i e s s h o u l d b e a t t e m p t e d i n a s s e s s i n g t h e r i s k m a n a g e m e n t a n d i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s y s t e m s i n m i c r o f i n a n c e s i n s t i t u t i o n
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