10 research outputs found
Food Intake, Diet Quality and Behavioral Problems in Children: Results from the GINI-plus/LISA-plus Studies
No full textBackground/Aims: To assess the association between food intake and diet quality and behavioral problems at the 10-year follow-up of the two population-based birth cohorts of the studies German Infant Nutritional Intervention and `Influences of lifestyle-related factors on the immune system and the development of allergies in childhood'. Methods: Cross-sectional data on food intake over the past year were collected by a parent-reported food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was based on reference values of food amounts of the optimized mixed diet. Behavioral problems were assessed by a parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Relationships between food category intake, diet quality and behavior problems were examined using multivariable regression modeling adjusted for gender, sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, physical exercise, television viewing/PC use and total energy intake. A total of 3,361 children with complete data were analyzed. Results: Children with increased intake of confectionery had increased odds of having emotional symptoms {[}adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.32] compared to children with low intake. A higher diet quality score was associated with lower likelihood of emotional symptoms (ORadj 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.98). The un-adjusted significant relationship between diet quality and hyperactivity/inattention was attenuated by adjusting for several confounders to an ORadj of 0.92 (95% CI 0.82-1.03). Conclusions: Increased consumption of high-sugar products and lower diet quality are associated with a higher likelihood of emotional symptoms in children. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base
Pre-Data Report
No full textThe effect of a Utility-Value Intervention on long-distance students' academic performanc
Evolutionary dynamics of avian and non-avian limb morphology
No full textVariation of phenotypic traits and covariance among them strongly controls the strength
and direction of natural selection.
These patterns are characterized as phenotypic covariance
structure: the degree to which traits vary in coordinated fashion. The quantitative analysis of
covariance structure, and particularly how it changes over evolutionary time, will reveal how
genetic variation translates into phenotypic variation, the sources of and limits to variation, and
ultimately a mechanistic understanding of phenotypic evolution.
Traits may covary due to several possible intrinsic (e.g., two traits influenced by the same
gene) or extrinsic factors (e.g., two traits of the same functional apparatus). Flight styles vary
greatly in birds from flightless birds with little or no functional influence to strong flappers with
great functional influence. This variation allows specific tests of the expected magnitude of
functional influences on patterns of integration. In chapter one of this thesis, we analyzed the
covariance structure of the fore and hind limbs of adult and embryonic chickens, ducks, and
cowbirds to test the following evolutionary hypotheses: 1) If patterns of covariance are
determined predominantly by intrinsic factors, but these factors evolve over time (but not in
relation to function), closely related species will have more similar matrices than when compared
with distantly related species, meaning the similarity of variance/covariance matrices among
species is a function of phylogenetic “distance”; 2) If patterns of covariance are determined
predominantly by function (i.e., natural selection for a function), functionally similar taxa will be
more similar than would be expected given their phylogeny; 3) If patterns of covariance are
determined by a complex relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the similarity of
variance/covariance matrices will show no pattern with respect to phylogeny or function; 4) If
extrinsic influence dictates ontogenetic appearance of patterns of trait covariance and this is done iii
with the application of function during ontogeny, patterns of covariance seen in the adult birds
will appear later in ontogeny; 5) If intrinsic influence dictates ontogenetic appearance of patterns
of trait covariance and selection for functional ability has influenced the developmental process,
patterns of covariance seen in the adult birds will appear early in ontogeny.
We found that the covariance structures of adult chickens, ducks, and cowbirds do not
differ significantly and therefore the developmental processes in the limbs of these birds are
conserved.
The origin of birds and associated transition to flight fundamentally changed fore- and
hind limb function. As the forelimbs became dedicated to locomotion, the biomechanical
requirements of powered flight likely placed substantially different selective regimes on the
skeletal elements of the limbs. Specifically, it has been shown that the relative sizes of the
humerus an ulna are closely related to flight style in various clades of birds. This pattern suggests
a tight link between locomotor function and wing skeletal morphology, and potentially a
constraint on the evolution of these elements. In contrast, non-avian theropods and flightless
birds likely had more relaxed biomechanical constraints on these elements, and therefore the
potential for greater evolutionary lability.
In chapter two of this thesis, we tested whether the relationships among limb elements
show different evolutionary dynamics in flying and flightless theropods (including birds). We
used published databases of element lengths supplemented with measurements from the
literature. We also constructed a composite phylogeny including theropods and both extant and
extinct birds. Using these data and this tree, we statistically tested whether the rates and patterns
of evolutionary correlation between the humerus and ulna differ between flying and flightless
species. Specifically, we tested four models using a likelihood-ratio test and AIC: 1) flying and iv
flightless theropods shared common rates and evolutionary correlations between the humerus
and ulna, 2) different rates, but a shared correlation, 3) shared correlation, but different rates, and
4) different rates and patterns of correlation.
The resulting evolutionary rates seem to reflect evolution of body mass, particularly in
non-bird flightless theropods. Flightless birds show higher evolutionary correlations I both limbs,
which may reflect the diversity of characteristic morphologies required by different flight styles
and hind limb functions in flying theropods.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2014-07-18T18:24:40Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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Lift date: 2016-09-16T17:13:01Z
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Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries
No full textIt is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions?warmth and competence?plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.Fil: Friehs, Maria Therese. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Kotzur, Patrick F.. University of Durham; Reino UnidoFil: Kraus, Christine. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Schemmerling, Moritz. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Herzig, Jessica A.. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Stanciu, Adrian. Leibniz Institute For The Social Sciences Gesis; AlemaniaFil: Dilly, Sebastian. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Hellert, Lisa. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Hübner, Doreen. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Rückwardt, Anja. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Ulizcay, Veruschka. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Christ, Oliver. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Brambilla, Marco. Università Degli Studi Di Milano-bicocca; ItaliaFil: De keersmaecker, Jonas. Universitat Ramon Llull; EspañaFil: Durante, Federica. Università Degli Studi Di Milano-bicocca; ItaliaFil: Gale, Jessica. University of Canterbury; Nueva ZelandaFil: Grigoryev, Dmitry. Hse University; RusiaFil: Igou, Eric R.. University Of Limerick; IrlandaFil: Javakhishvili, Nino. Ilia State University; GeorgiaFil: Kienmoser, Doris. FernUniversität in Hagen; AlemaniaFil: Nicolas, Gandalf. Rutgers University; Estados UnidosFil: Oldmeadow, Julian. Swinburne University Of Technology; AustraliaFil: Rohmer, Odile. Université de Strasbourg; FranciaFil: Sætrevik, Bjørn. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Barbedor, Julien. Université Catholique de Louvain; BélgicaFil: Bastias, Franco Emmanuel. Universidad Catolica de Cuyo - Sede San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Bjørkheim, Sebastian B.. University of Bergen; NoruegaFil: Bolatov, Aidos. Astana Medical University; KazajistánFil: Duran, Nazire. University of Durham; Reino UnidoFil: Findor, Andrej. Univerzita Komenského V Bratislave; Eslovaqui
Consanguineous marriage and congenital heart defects: a case-control study in the neonatal period.
No full textThe independent effect of consanguinity on the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs), all and specific types, was investigated in newborns admitted to nine hospitals located in Beirut, Lebanon and members of the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network (NCPNN). Cases were 173 newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of participating hospitals during the 3-year period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2002 and diagnosed during their hospital stay as having one or more CHD. Cases with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Cases with more than one CHD were assigned one principal malformation. Controls consisted of a random sample of 865 newborns without a CHD admitted to the NICU during the same period. After controlling for confounders, first cousin consanguinity remained significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: infants born to first cousin marriages had a 1.8 times higher risk of having a CHD diagnosed at birth compared to those born to unrelated parents (95% CI: 1.1-3.1). In particular, first-cousin marriage was a significant risk factor for ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), hypoplastic left heart (HLH), and single ventricle (SV). No association was found with d-transposition of the great arteries, coarctation, pulmonary atresia (PA), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The results of this study suggest a familial factor in the multifactorial etiology of CHDs. Additional epidemiologic and family-based genetic studies are needed to understand the complex cause of CHDs
Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries.
No full textIt is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions-warmth and competence-plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges
Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries
No full textIt is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges
Vida y obra de un médico morisco en el exilio: Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ (ss. XVI-XVII)
No full textOne of the Spanish Muslim authors that could not be identified until now is Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ al-Andalusī, to whom two short medical treatises are attributed. A study of the preserved manuscripts of both works, as well as the revision of some sources and recently published studies, will allow us to identify this author as the Granadan Morisco Muḥammad b. Abī l-‛Āṣī (or Muhhemed Bulhaç), a physician that in the first half of the 17th century left the Iberian Peninsula to reside in Istanbul, and afterwards in Cairo, where his trace is lost in the year 1637. In this article, we will expose all the available biographical data about this person, and we will make a brief analysis of his two treatises.Uno de los autores hispanomusulmanes que hasta la fecha no había podido ser identificado es Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. Abī l-‛Āṣ al-Andalusī, a quien se atribuyen dos breves tratados sobre medicina. Un estudio de los manuscritos conservados de ambas obras, así como la revisión de algunas fuentes y estudios recientemente publicados, nos permiten identificar a este autor con el morisco granadino Muḥammad b. Abī l-‛Āṣī (o Muhhemed Bulhaç), médico que en la primera mitad del s. XVII abandonó la Península Ibérica para residir durante algunos años en Estambul y posteriormente en El Cairo, donde se pierde su pista en el año 1637. En el presente artículo, expondremos todos los datos biográficos disponibles de este personaje, y haremos un breve análisis de sus dos tratados
