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Le secrétaire-diplomate aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Un maître en information et action politiques
No full texteditorial reviewedLa diplomatie de la première modernité mobilise plusieurs types d’acteurs. Aux côtés de l’ambassadeur permanent, encore rare, et de l’envoyé en charge de missions circonscrites, le secrétaire-diplomate joue un rôle central. Celui-ci a longtemps été sous-estimé par l’histoire politique. L’objectif de la conférence est de le mettre en lumière en retraçant les carrières de quelques « secrétaires pour les affaires d’Allemagne » actifs à Bruxelles.
Parfois, le secrétaire-diplomate part lui-même en ambassade pour rapporter et/ou négocier au nom de son employeur. Mais le plus souvent, il pratique la diplomatie par l’écrit, à partir de ses bureaux. Il réceptionne, rédige et expédie des lettres ; il traduit, résume, informe et conseille. Surtout, il s’informe constamment et garde des archives. Un secrétaire-diplomate comme Urbain Scharberger (années 1540-1579) maîtrise les rouages de l’information politique, participant ainsi à la mise en place d’actions diplomatiques.
Ses successeurs du 17ᵉ siècle perfectionnent ces compétences, tout en les adaptant à un environnement diplomatique de plus en plus structuré et bureaucratisé. Ils deviennent de véritables experts des réseaux d’information, capables de compiler, analyser et synthétiser d’importants volumes de données politiques. Leur maîtrise des langues, des codes diplomatiques et des réalités internationales les érige en conseillers techniques et stratégiques de premier plan. Enfin, leur expertise et leur expérience des affaires européennes leur confèrent un poids grandissant dans la définition des orientations diplomatiques et l’élaboration des décisions gouvernementales.
Le chapitre consacré aux « secrétaires-diplomates » s’agence en plusieurs parties qui sont autant d’éclairages des principales fonctions de ces hommes de plume et acteurs politiques de première importance : correspondre, se documenter, informer, conseiller, représenter, négocier, traduire
Bridging the Gap: How Process Mining Practitioners and Researchers Address Data Quality Issues
Full text linkProcess mining integrates process science and data science to analyze workflows using event logs. As an academic discipline, it has seen rapid adoption in industry, often combined with machine learning and automation. Here, we explore how researchers and practitioners approach data quality issues found in event logs and how they apply preprocessing techniques to solve such issues. Results show that practitioners often undervalue data quality challenges and rely on basic methods, likely due to limited experience and dependence on commercial tools. On the other hand, researchers prioritize diverse and advanced preprocessing techniques and view data quality issues as critical in process mining projects. Respondents with dual roles demonstrate specific expertise, addressing diverse challenges with data quality issues and applying more complex preprocessing techniques. The study emphasizes the need for collaboration between academia and industry, integrating process mining into education, and enhancing tool capabilities. These steps can bridge knowledge gaps, promote best practices, and advance research and practical application in process mining.9. Industry, innovation and infrastructurev
Challenges in completing EMU: asymmetric competition vs fiscal harmonisation. A case study of the Benelux countries
Full text linkpeer reviewedThis paper aims to investigate the concept, context and socio-economic consequences of fiscal competition in the integrated economic space of EMU in completion, to pinpoint the positive and negative factors at work via a case study of the Benelux countries – both founder members of the EU and pioneers of EMU – and to examine the impact on European and international regulations in the field. In particular, it will endeavour to provide a comprehensive interpretation of fiscal policy in the Benelux countries via a comparative approach and from a historical perspective. It will look at the development of respective domestic fiscal policies, driven by national interests and by membership of a Community that is subject to requirements in terms of harmonisation and taxation, but also by constant contact (and frequent clashes) with the multilateral international environment
Why do Large Language Models Judge Differently than Humans? An Examination of Sentiment Analysis of Movie Reviews
No full textpeer reviewedThis research investigates the root causes of divergence between Large Language Model (LLM)-based and human sentiment judgments. Using an inductive approach, we qualitatively analyzed a movie review dataset and identify two main causes: (i) contextual statements, where sentiment depends on situational factors (e.g., describing a film as "childish" may be positive for younger audiences but negative for adults); and (ii) linguistic statements, where sentiment shifts due to complex constructions such as sarcasm or double negation. Our study thus highlights the importance of both context (where, when, and for whom a statement is made) and linguistic form (how it is phrased) in sentiment interpretation. We contribute to the literature by identifying justificatory mechanisms behind differences in sentiment judgments between humans and LLMs. This may initiate a broader discourse on whether machine-generated sentiment can serve as a valid proxy for human interpretation. Even more, human-in-the-middle approaches may still outperform solely LLM-based sentiment interpretations.R-AGR-3728 - PEARL/IS/13342933/DFS - FRIDGEN Gilbert9. Industry, innovation and infrastructur
Frequency Spectrum for Suborbital Flights: Between Air and Space?
No full texteditorial reviewedThe question which frequencies should be used by radio stations onboard of suborbital vehicles remains open. The lack of a WRC-23 resolution on suborbital vehicles does not mean the end of studies of how these stations should be treated
From the 19th to the 21st Century: Paradigmatic Shifts in the Luxembourgs Economy
No full textpeer reviewedBeginning in the 20th century, Luxembourg experienced several periods of transition. The largely agriculture-based economy became industrialized, driven by a powerful steel industry which remained the dominant sector from the immediate post-Second World War years to the mid-1970s. In 1974 the steel industry began to decline, marking the end of the ‘Trente Glorieuses’. Luxembourg was forced to implement considerable structural changes and embarked on its second major transition, from an industrial economy to a service economy based on the financial sector. The third is the transition to the knowledge economy, which is currently in full swing in LuxembourgCompetition, convergence, harmonisation – a comparative analysis of taxation in the Benelux states” (FISCOLUX: 2019-2023
Space Resources Activities, Not Only For Europe
No full texteditorial reviewedSpace resources may contribute to the human presence in outer space. Several States including Luxembourg have adopted laws regulating the authorization of space resources activities. The international framework is debated in the UN COPUOS
