34 research outputs found
Ion-Luminescence properties of GaN films being developed for IPEM
No full textRadiation effects microscopy (REM) for the next generation integrated circuits (ICs) will require GeV ions both to provide high ionization and to penetrate the thick overlayers in present day ICs. These ion beams can be provided by only a few cyclotrons in the world. Since it is extremely hard to focus these higher-energy ions, we have proposed the ion photon emission microscope (IPEM) that allows the determination of the ion hits by focusing the emitted photons to a position sensitive detector. The IPEM needs a thin luminescent foil that has high brightness, good spatial resolution and does not change the incident ion's energy and direction significantly. Available organic-phosphor foils require a large thickness to produce enough photons, which results in poor spatial resolution. To solve this problem, we have developed thin, lightly doped n-type GaN films that are extremely bright. We have grown high quality GaN films on sapphire using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), detached the films from the substrate using laser ablation, and made them self-supporting. The smallest foils have 1 mm(2) area and 1 um thickness. The optical properties, such as light yield, spectrum and decay times were measured and compared to those of conventional phosphors, by using both alpha particles from a radioactive source and 250 keV ions from an implanter. We found that the GaN performance strongly depends on composition and doping levels. The conclusion is that 1-2 um GaN film of a 1 mm(2) area may become an ideal ion position detector
The inhomogeneous electron liquid in some bioinorganic assemblies studied by density functional methods
No full textAbstract: The review starts with a discussion of some recent advances related to the foundations of density functional theory (DFT). Some emphasis is placed on methods which should have special relevance to bioinorganic assemblies. In particular, the inhomogeneous electron liquid in the ground state of such systems is a specific focal point. After a brief summary concerning the possible variational validity of some popular energy functionals, the future value of the important Dirac idempotent density matrix is emphasised, both from first principles and semiempirically by making use of X-ray diffraction experiments. The review concludes with two topical examples of bioinorganic assemblies. The first concerns our own work on an anticancer drug based on a Ru complex, while as a second example a recent DFT study of a molecular biosensor by K. Salazar-Salinas, L.A. Jauregui, C. Kubli-Garfias, J.M. Seminario [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 105101 (2009)] involving an Fe complex is briefly summarised
Does strict employment protection discourage job creation? Evidence from Croatia
No full textEmployment protection legislation in Croatia is among the most strict in Europe. Firing is difficult and costly, and flexible forms of employment are limited. Is this apparent rigidity reflected-as one would expect based on standard economic theory-in low labor market dynamics? Is job creation low and hiring limited? Is the job security of insiders achieved at the cost of outsiders not being able to enter thelabor market? The author attempts to answer these questions by examining job flows. If the employment protection legislation is binding, then job and worker turnover should be low. He shows that this is indeed the case. Hiring is limited and the average job tenure is very long in Croatia. Job destruction is low, however job creation is still lower. The result is accumulation of unemployment, in large part due to new labor market entrants not being able to find a job. The high degree of job protection also seems to strengthen the bargaining position of insiders and results in relatively high wages. So, wages in Croatia are higher than among its competitors, even after adjusting for productivity. These high labor costs are likely to contribute to limited job creation in existing firms, but also are likely to discourage the entry of-and thus job creation in-new firms. The author presents evidence that firm growth has been indeed limited in Croatia, contributing to the low employment level. The author examines other potential causes of high unemployment in Croatia (the unemployment benefit system, labor taxation, the wage structure, and skill and spatial mismatches). He argues that they do not play a substantial part in accounting for poor labor market outcomes in Croatia. The author concludes that the stringent employment protection legislation is the key labor market institution behind low job creation and high unemployment. Based on this he recommends specific measures aimed at liberalizing the labor market to foster job creation and employment.Labor Management and Relations,Labor Policies,Labor Markets,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade Finance and Investment,Labor Markets,Labor Management and Relations,Labor Standards,Banks&Banking Reform,Environmental Economics&Policies
Glaucoma awareness
No full textThis thesis investigates three different aspects of glaucoma awareness
using both quantitative and qualitative methods.
Patient Awareness:
This qualitative study looked at patients perceptions of glaucoma.
Participants (N=28) reported low levels of awareness of glaucoma prior to
their diagnosis and assumed that symptoms were the ‘normal’
deterioration of eyesight. As symptoms have a gradual onset, participants
had learnt to cope with diminishing sight ability. Findings suggested
health promotion a priority to increase public awareness of the existence
and symptoms of glaucoma among those at high risk.
Current public awareness:
This study looked to document public awareness and knowledge of
glaucoma.
The study used health knowledge questionnaires in three different
populations:
1. nationally representative sample of 1009 people
2. telephone Interviews – 500 Isle of Wight, 226 Ealing
3. face-to-face interviews – 300 Ealing
Between 71-93% of those interviewed by telephone had heard of
glaucoma. However, only 23% of those interviewed face-to-face in Ealing
reported having heard of glaucoma. We found a relatively high level of awareness and knowledge of glaucoma in the general UK population but
identified at least one pocket of poor knowledge in a specific subpopulation.
Can we change awareness?
This study investigated whether a public health campaign could increase
awareness and change help-seeking behaviour with respect to ocular
health with residents in Southall, Ealing aged 60+. The health knowledge
questionnaire from the previous study was used to assess the campaign.
The health campaign comprised of four components.
1. Television
2. Local Press
3. Local Radio
4. Places of worship
The results showed a significant increase in the number of people who
had heard of Glaucoma rising from 22% to 53%. Before the intervention
most people had heard about glaucoma from their GP, friend or relative.
After intervention the majority (69%) had heard of glaucoma from the
radio.
This study showed a significant increase in awareness from using
different kinds of media and showed radio to be the most effective in the target community. Although the campaign raised awareness it did not
show a change in help seeking behaviour
Generalised model for heteroazeotropic batch distillation with variable decanter hold-up
No full textA general model of batch heteroazeotropic distillation is proposed. Both liquid phases present in the decanter can be refluxed or withdrawn as distillate, their hold-up can be increased, decreased or kept constant, as well. By assuming maximal separation, that is, that the composition of the condensate always equals to that of the heteroazeotrope, the still path equation was derived. The still path directions are determined for all the 16 possible operational policies. It is possible to steer the still path in a desired direction by changing the operational parameters, which allows the recovery of a pure component in the still. The still path directions are validated by rigorous simulations for three policies not published yet using the mixture water – formaldehyde – propyl formate. From the 16 operational policies, 11 can be considered as useful in practice. To demonstrate the advantage of using a non-traditional policy, the separation of the mixture aniline – ethylene glycol – water was investigated, as well. By using a non-traditional operational policy with hold-up reduction in the decanter a higher purity of ethylene glycol was obtained in the still
Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs
No full textAllergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children
Interplay Between Cell Growth And Cell Cycle In Plants
No full textThe growth of organs and whole plants depends on both cell growth and cell-cycle progression, but the interaction between both processes is poorly understood. In plants, the balance between growth and cell-cycle progression requires coordinated regulation of four different processes: macromolecular synthesis (cytoplasmic growth), turgor-driven cell-wall extension, mitotic cycle, and endocycle. Potential feedbacks between these processes include a cell-size checkpoint operating before DNA synthesis and a link between DNA contents and maximum cell size. In addition, key intercellular signals and growth regulatory genes appear to target at the same time cell-cycle and cell-growth functions. For example, auxin, gibberellin, and brassinosteroid all have parallel links to cell-cycle progression (through S-phase Cyclin D-CDK and the anaphase-promoting complex) and cell-wall functions (through cell-wall extensibility or microtubule dynamics). Another intercellular signal mediated by microtubule dynamics is the mechanical stress caused by growth of interconnected cells. Superimposed on developmental controls, sugar signalling through the TOR pathway has recently emerged as a central control point linking cytoplasmic growth, cell-cycle and cell-wall functions. 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Is There an Opportunity to Establish the Social-Capitalism in the Post Socialist Transition?
No full textRecently Claus Offe has put the question that concerns the fate of the European model of social capitalism: Can the model of social capitalism survive the European integration in the context of certain contemporary tendencies? Offe has presupposed that the mentioned model is challenged by the processes of globalization and the integration of the post socialist countries into the European Union. The working hypothesis of the article is that there is an opportunity to provide a coherent answer to this question. The article consists of two parts. In the first part the author starts with the Polanyis socio-economic theory and emphasises the importance of this approach for the analysing of the tendencies of capitalism in Western Europe and in the post socialist countries. The author argues that with the Polanyis theory we are able to explicate the forms of the embedded liberalism in Western Europe after 1945 and the orientation of non-embedded neo-liberalism and the functioning of the workfare state after the crisis of the Keynesian welfare state. Despite the tendencies of the globalisation projected by neo-liberalism, the central element of the social capitalism, namely, the welfare state, remains with the dimensions of the continuity. In the next part the author points out that there is an asymmetrical structure between the Western-Europe and non-Western part of Europe concerning the socialisation of capitalism. The neoliberalisation in accordance with the model of the transfer of ideal-type of capitalism is more strongly implemented in the countries of transition. In addition, the mentioned theoretical approach provides opportunities to explain the failures of implementing of neo-liberalism in the post socialist countries. On the basis of the endorsing of the socio-economic aspects we can adress the issue pointed out by Offe.Karl Polanyi, Transition, Social capitalism, Welfare state
Estado psicológico de los estudiantes que asisten a un programa universitario para personas mayores: enfoque en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión
No full textIt is a fact that the global population is aging and Europe is the country with the largest proportion of population aged 60 years and over. studies have demonstrated the importance of social networks and social inclusion in the welfare of the elderly. The aim of the current study was to assess psychological status in a group of students participating in a university-based program for retired/elderly people. The hypothesis proposed was that participation in the program would have a positive impact on anxiety and depression symptoms. 45 individuals attending a program for retired/elderly people at the University of the Basque Country in Bilbao, Spain, were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). The assessment was done prior to the participation in the University-based curriculum, as well as eight months after. Socio-demographic data were also collected. Changes from time 1 to time 2 evaluations in total and factor scores for key dimensions of the BSI were analyzed. For doing so, T tests and multifactorial analyses -particularly focused on anxiety and depression symptoms- were used. A positive change following participation in the program was observed in most dimensions of the BSI, particularly in measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. The provision of special university-based programs for elderly/retired people may lead to positive outcomes in psychological status.Es cierto que la población mundial está envejeciendo. Europa es el país que tiene la mayor proporción de población de 60 años o más. En este sentido, diferentes estudios demuestran la importancia de las redes sociales y la inclusión social en el bienestar de las personas mayores.El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el estado psicológico de un grupo de estudiantes que participan en un programa universitario para personas mayores o jubiladas. La hipótesis de trabajo fue que la participación en el programa tendría un impacto positivo en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión de los estudiantes. 45 personas que asistían a un programa para personas mayores/jubiladas en la Universidad del País Vasco en Bilbao, España, fueron evaluadas antes y después de ocho meses de participación en el currículo universitario, con el Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). También se recogieron datos sociodemográficos.Se analizaron los cambios de las evaluaciones de tiempo 1 a tiempo 2 en las puntuaciones totales y factoriales para las dimensiones clave de las partidas del balance mediante pruebas T y análisis multifactoriales, con especial atención en los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Se observó un cambio positivo tras la participación en el programa en la mayoría de las dimensiones, especialmente en las medidas de ansiedad y síntomas de depresión. La provisión de programas especiales basados en la universidad para personas mayores/jubiladas puede conducir a resultados positivos en el estado psicológico de las personas mayores.
 
Functional biology of the Steel syndrome founder allele and evidence for clan genomics derivation of COL27A1 pathogenic alleles worldwide
No full text© 2020, The Author(s). Previously we reported the identification of a homozygous COL27A1 (c.2089G\u3eC; p.Gly697Arg) missense variant and proposed it as a founder allele in Puerto Rico segregating with Steel syndrome (STLS, MIM #615155); a rare osteochondrodysplasia characterized by short stature, congenital bilateral hip dysplasia, carpal coalitions, and scoliosis. We now report segregation of this variant in five probands from the initial clinical report defining the syndrome and an additional family of Puerto Rican descent with multiple affected adult individuals. We modeled the orthologous variant in murine Col27a1 and found it recapitulates some of the major Steel syndrome associated skeletal features including reduced body length, scoliosis, and a more rounded skull shape. Characterization of the in vivo murine model shows abnormal collagen deposition in the extracellular matrix and disorganization of the proliferative zone of the growth plate. We report additional COL27A1 pathogenic variant alleles identified in unrelated consanguineous Turkish kindreds suggesting Clan Genomics and identity-by-descent homozygosity contributing to disease in this population. The hypothesis that carrier states for this autosomal recessive osteochondrodysplasia may contribute to common complex traits is further explored in a large clinical population cohort. Our findings auNorthwell Healthnt our understanding of COL27A1 biology and its role in skeletal development; and expand the functional allelic architecture in this gene underlying both rare and common disease phenotypes
