15,436 research outputs found
Letter from S. B. Simmons to J. R. Redding
No full textLetter from S. B. Simmons to J. R. Redding, concerning request from H. B. Perry
Analyzing Social Experiments as Implemented: A Reexamination of the Evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program
No full textSocial experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Significant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented. We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40. Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study.social experiment, compromised randomization, early childhood intervention, multiple-hypothesis testing
Analyzing Social Experiments as Implemented: A Reexamination of the Evidence From the HighScope Perry Preschool Program
No full textSocial experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Significant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented. We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40. Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study.
Analyzing Social Experiments as Implemented: A Reexamination of the Evidence From the HighScope Perry Preschool Program
No full textSocial experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Signicant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented. We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40. Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study.early childhood intervention; compromised randomization; social experiment; multiple-hypothesis testing
Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy of molecular ions in the mid-infrared with up-conversion detection and Brewster-plate spoilers
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Previous issue date: 6Molecular ions are challenging to study with conventional spectroscopic methods. Laboratory discharges produce ions in trace quantities which can be obscured by the abundant neutral molecules present. The technique Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy (NICE-OHVMS) overcomes these challenges by combining the ion-neutral discrimination of velocity modulation spectroscopy with the sensitivity of Noise-Immune Cavity-Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS), and has been able to determine transition frequencies of molecular ions in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) with sub-MHz uncertainties when calibrated with an optical frequency combfootnote{J. N. Hodges, A. J. Perry, P. A. Jenkins II, B. M. Siller, and B. J. McCall, textit{J. Chem. Phys.} (2013), textbf{139}, 164201.}. However, the extent of these studies was limited by the presence of fringes due to parasitic etalons and the speed and noise characteristics of mid-IR detectors. _x000d_
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Recently, we have overcome these limitations by implementing up-conversion detection and dithered optics. We performed up-conversion using periodically poled lithium niobate to convert light from the mid-IR to the visible to be within the coverage of sensitive and fast silicon detectors while maintaining our heterodyne and velocity modulation signals. The parasitic etalons were removed by rapidly rotating CaF windows with galvanometers, which is known as a Brewster-plate spoilerfootnote{C. R. Webster, textit{J. Opt. Soc. Am. B} (1985), textbf{2}, 1464.}, which averaged out the fringes in detection. Together, these improved the sensitivity by more than an order of magnitudefootnote{C. R. Markus, A. J. Perry, J. N. Hodges, and B. J. McCall, textit{Opt. Express} (2017), textbf{25}, 3709--3721.} and have enabled extended spectroscopic surveys of molecular ions in the mid-IR
Analyzing social experiments as implemented: evidence from the HighScope Perry Preschool Program
No full textSocial experiments are powerful sources of information about the effectiveness of interventions. In practice, initial randomization plans are almost always compromised. Multiple hypotheses are frequently tested. "Significant" effects are often reported with p-values that do not account for preliminary screening from a large candidate pool of possible effects. This paper develops tools for analyzing data from experiments as they are actually implemented. We apply these tools to analyze the influential HighScope Perry Preschool Program. The Perry program was a social experiment that provided preschool education and home visits to disadvantaged children during their preschool years. It was evaluated by the method of random assignment. Both treatments and controls have been followed from age 3 through age 40. Previous analyses of the Perry data assume that the planned randomization protocol was implemented. In fact, as in many social experiments, the intended randomization protocol was compromised. Accounting for compromised randomization, multiple-hypothesis testing, and small sample sizes, we find statistically significant and economically important program effects for both males and females. We also examine the representativeness of the Perry study. Download appendix
Measurement of the ratio B(B[0,s] to J/psi f0(980) )/B(B[0,s] to J/psi phi(1020)) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
No full textSubmitted to Phys. Lett. B - see paper for full list of authorsInternational audienceThe ratio R(f0/phi) of the branching fractions of the B[0,s] meson to the CP-odd eigenstate J/psi f0(980) and to J/psi phi(1020) is measured, where J/psi to mu+ mu-, f0 to pi+ pi-, and phi to K+ K-. The analysis is based on a data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.3 inverse femtobarns. The result is R(f0/phi) = 0.140 +/- 0.013 +/- 0.018, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This result is consistent with theoretical predictions and previous measurements of R(f0/phi). It is the most precise measurement of the ratio to date
Cross-language computational investigation of the length effect in reading aloud
No full textInternational audienceThe authors examined whether 2 computational models of reading, the dual-route cascaded model (M. Coltheart, K. Rastle, C. Perry, R. Langdon, & J. C. Ziegler, 2001) and the connectionist 2-layer model (M. Zorzi, G. Houghton, & B. Butterworth, 1998), were able to predict the pattern that the length effect found in reading aloud is larger in German than in English (J. C. Ziegler, C. Perry, A. M. Jacobs, & M. Braun, 2001). The results showed that the dual-route cascaded model, which uses a serial mechanism for assembling phonology, successfully predicted this cross-language difference. In contrast, the connectionist model of Zorzi et al. (1998) predicted the opposite: a larger length effect in English than in German. Both the success of one model and the failure of the other highlight fundamental differences between 2 major classes of computational models
Complementary and alternative medicine use in England: results from a national survey
No full textObjectives:? in many countries, recent data on the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are available. However, in England, there is a paucity of such data. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of CAM use in England.Design:? data were obtained from the Health Survey for England 2005, a national household survey that included questions on CAM use. We used binary logistic regression modelling to explore whether demographic, health and lifestyle factors predict CAM use.Results:? data were available for 7630 respondents (household response rate 71%). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of CAM use were 44.0% and 26.3% respectively; 12.1% had consulted a practitioner in the preceding 12 months. Massage, aromatherapy and acupuncture were the most commonly used therapies. Twenty-nine percent of respondents taking prescription drugs had used CAM in the last 12 months. Women (OR 0.491, 95% CI: 0.419, 0.577), university educated respondents (OR 1.296, 95% CI: 1.088, 1.544), those suffering from anxiety or depression (OR 1.341, 95% CI: 1.074, 1.674), people with poorer mental health (on GHQ: OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.026, 1.100) and lower levels of perceived social support (1.047, 95% CI: 1.008, 1.088), people consuming ? 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day (OR 1.327, 95% CI: 1.124, 1.567) were significantly more likely to use CAM.Conclusion:? complementary and alternative medicine use in England remains substantial, even amongst those taking prescription drugs. These data serve as a valuable reminder to medical practitioners to ask patients about CAM use and should be routinely collected to facilitate prioritisation of the research agenda in CA
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