34,223 research outputs found
The Set of Idempotents in the Weakly Almost Periodic Compactification of the Integers is not Closed
No full textThis paper answers negatively the question of whether the sets
of idempotents in the weakly almost periodic compacti?cations of (N; +) and
(Z; +) are closed
Analytical methods for the study of bioactive compounds from medicinally used Echinacea species
No full textEchinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. are frequently used as medicinal plants and their preparations are among the most widely used herbal medicines. The extracts from these species have shown a highly complex chemical composition, including polar compounds (caffeic acid derivatives, CADs), non-polar compounds (alkylamides and acetylenic secondary metabolites; essential oil) and high molecular weight constituents (polysaccharides and glycoproteins). All these chemical classes of compounds have demonstrated to possess interesting biological activities. In the light of all the above, this paper is focused on the analytical techniques, including sample preparation tools and chromatographic procedures, for the chemical analysis of bioactive compounds in medicinally used Echinacea species. Since sample preparation is considered to be a crucial step in the development of analytical methods for the determination of constituents present in herbal preparations, the strength and weakness of different extraction techniques are discussed. As regards the analysis of compounds present in Echinacea plant material and derivatives, the application of different techniques, mainly HPLC, HPLC-ESI-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, HPCE, HPTLC and GC, is discussed in detail. The strength, weakness and applicability of the different separation tools are stated.Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Echinacea angustifolia DC. var. angustifolia and Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. are frequently used as medicinal plants and their preparations are among the most widely used herbal medicines. The extracts from these species have shown a highly complex chemical composition, including polar compounds (caffeic acid derivatives, CADs), non-polar compounds (alkylamides and acetylenic secondary metabolites; essential oil) and high molecular weight constituents (polysaccharides and glycoproteins). All these chemical classes of compounds have demonstrated to possess interesting biological activities. In the light of all the above, this paper is focused on the analytical techniques, including sample preparation tools and chromatographic procedures, for the chemical analysis of bioactive compounds in medicinally used Echinacea species. Since sample preparation is considered to be a crucial step in the development of analytical methods for the determination of constituents present in herbal preparations, the strength and weakness of different extraction techniques are discussed. As regards the analysis of compounds present in Echinacea plant material and derivatives, the application of different techniques, mainly HPLC, HPLC-ESI-MS, HPLC-ESI-MS/MS, HPCE, HPTLC and GC, is discussed in detail. The strength, weakness and applicability of the different separation tools are stated
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K∗0γ )/B(B0s→φγ ) and the directCP asymmetry inB 0→K∗0γ
No full textThe ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and B0s→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=7TeV. The value obtained is
B(B0→K⁎0γ)B(B0s→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06(stat.)±0.04(syst.)±0.10(fs/fd),
where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(B0s→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5.
The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be
ACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7(stat.)±0.9(syst.))%.
Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations
Fridericia crassiductata Dózsa-Farkas & Cech, 2006, sp.n.
No full textFridericia crassiductata sp.n. Type material deposited in the author’s (DózsaFarkas, K.) collection at the Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Type locality: Zemplén Mountains, Hungary, Holotype: F. 14 (1967) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, picked up from beech litter, 48 o 28 ’ 22 ” N, 21 o 25 ’ 59 ” E 214m, 20.04. 2004. coll. K. DózsaFarkas. Paratype: P. 81.1 (1968) Komlóska–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 25 ’ 53 ”N, 21 o 27 ’ 30 ”E, 223m, purple moorgrass meadow, 28.05. 2003, one stained specimen coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.2 (1969) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 24 ’04”N, 21 o 24 ’ 32 ”E, 497m, mixed hornbeambirches forest, 28.05. 2003, one stained specimen coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.3 (1970) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 28 ’ 22 ” N, 21 o 25 ’ 59 ” E, 214m from beech litter, 20.04. 2004, three specimens, coll. K. DózsaFarkas, P. 81.4 (1971) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (Quercus cerris) 48 o 28 ’ 19 ”N, 21 o 25 ’ 58 ” E 217m, 20.04. 2004, three specimens, coll. K. Dózsa Farkas, P. 81.5 (1972) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, beech forest 48 o 23 ’ 59 ”N 21 o 24 ’ 21 ”E 542m, 0 5.28. 2003, one praeclitellar half of body (the caudal part used of DNAbased examinations (in Table 1:No. 1) coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.6 (1973) Bagolybérci gerinc, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (Quercus petraea) 48 o 24 ’ 27 ’N 21 o 23 ’ 41 ”E 593m, 0 5.28. 2003, one specimen, coll. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny. Etymology: ‘crassus’ (Lat.) = thick, ductus (Lat.) = duct, tube. Referring to the thick and long spermathecal ectal duct. Description Length 13–20 mm. Diameter 0.5–0.7 mm at VIII, and 0.6–0.8 mm at clitellum. Segment number (38) – 40 – 56. Chaetae (Fig. 1 A) a maximum of 10 per bundle, formula (Nielsen & Christensen 1959): 4,5,6,7 – 6,5, 4,(3,2): 7,8,9,10 – 8,7,6,5,4,(3,2). Outer chaetae much longer than inner, e.g. the outermost 76 – 85 μm long and the innermost 33–38 μm in a praeclitellar bundle, the outer 95–100 μm long and the inner 85–90 μm long at the caudal part of the body. Cutaneous glands: about 10 rows of brown reticulate cells per segment. The epidermis is often hard to see through, due to these brownpigmented cells on the anterior segments (Fig. 1 B). Body wall of medium thickness (about 38–47 μm) cuticle thin (3 μm). Head pore at 0/I, well visible (Fig. 1 C). Dorsal pores beginning from VII. Brain (Fig. 1 D) 1.2–1.5 times longer than wide (140–180 μm long) in the posterolateral regions one small aggregation of refractive globules on either side. Oesophageal appendage (peptonephridia) (Fig. 2 A) variable, proximally some short branches, the main tube extends to V with wide lumen, and 1–2 branches distally. Sometimes the proximal branches cannot be found. Pharyngeal glands (septal glands) all paired with ventral lobes (in VI distinctly largest often with posterior projection), dorsal connection absent. Nephridia 5 pairs from VI/VII – X/XI, postseptale 2,5times longer than the anteseptale, medial origin of efferent duct. Coelomocytes (Fig. 1 E): mucocytes type b (Möller 1971), small (20–24 – 32 μm) with refractile vesicle, often dark in transmitted light, lenticytes (length 5–11 μm) are scarce. Chylus cells not visible due to the dense dark chloragocytes. Dorsal blood vessel from (XV)–XVII–XVIII, blood colourless. Clitellum well developed, XII–XIII girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate (Fig 3). Seminal vesicle is very large, occupying 3–4 segments (VIII–XII). Sperm funnel (Fig. 4 A) 250–380 μm long and 140–160 μm wide, collar narrower than the funnel body. Spermatozoa about 264 μm long, head 95 μm. Male copulatory organ is 170–200 μm long, 80–140 μm wide and 80–120 μm high, the bursal slit (Fig. 4 B) is longitudinal with more transverse components. Three small subneural glands (Fig. 4 C) in the XIV–XV–XVI segment. The ectal duct of spermatheca (Fig. 2 B, 5 A) is very wide (35–48 μm) and long (580–640 μm), longer than the body diameter. The ectal duct canal is narrow (6–7 μm) throughout, and not widening proximally. Two (rarely three) large sessile eggshaped brown ectal glands (80–130 μm long, 60–75 μm wide) (Fig. 5 B, 5 C). The ampulla with a single ring of 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula (50–70 μm long), laterally compressed by each other, filled with sperm (Fig. 5 A). Proximal part of ampulla cylindrical with a wide lumen. There is a separate opening into oesophagus. Two to four mature eggs at a time. Distribution and habitat: Known only from the type locality (Zemplén Mountains [northeastern part of the Hungarian Central Mountains]), in beech, hornbeam and birch forest). Diagnosis The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) the size of the body (1320 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, segment number (38)– 40–56); (2) the form of spermatheca, with 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula, long and thick ectal ducts, and two very large (80–130 μm long) eggshaped ectal glands; (3) maximum ten chaetae per bundle; (4) all pairs of pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes and the dorsal connection absent; (5) the clitellum is girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate; (6) seminal vesicle is large; (7) penial slit is longitudinal with more transverse components; and (9) three subneural glands in XIV–XVI. from F. ratzeli (Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 and F. eiseni Dózsa Farkas, 2005) in the following morphological properties: F. r a t z e l i (Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 has only small spermathecal ectal glands, the coelomocytes type are between type a and type c (while the new species has two large ectal glands and type b of coelomomucocytes with refractile vesicle). F. eiseni were found to have tiny spermathecal ectal gland(s), the ectal duct is far thinner (24–26 μm compared to 35–50 μm in F. crassiductata), the spermathecal diverticula is more or less the same shape in the new species, whereas the size of the diverticula of F. eiseni is variable and the two lateral ones are always larger. The shape of the spermatheca of F. crassiductata shows high morphological similarity with F. re g u l a r i s (Nielsen and Christensen, 1959), however, the ectal duct is far more slender and the ectal gland is absent or very small (see Schmelz, 2003, Fig. 61 A). Moreover, in the case of the latter species the oesophageal appendages are more coiled (type b) and the maximal chaetal number is four. Large Fridericia species with similar spermathecae (F. regularis Nielsen and Christensen, 1959, F. oconeensis Welch, 1914, F. firma Smith and Welch, 1913, F. agricola Moore, 1895) differ from the new species by the absence of the subneural gland(s). F. oconeensis differs from the new species by the thinner spermathecal duct and absent (or very small) ectal glands, furthermore, the small diameter of the spermathecal ampulla with diverticula (70 μm). Neither F. f i r m a, nor F. agilis Smith, 1895 and F. agricola possesses ectal glands of the spermatheca. In the case of F. agilis and all the four species mentioned above, the maximal number of chaetae does not reach 8 (it is 8–10 in the case of the new species). Finally, two other species described in Italy seem to be partly similar considering the spermatheca: F. gigantea Dequal, 1912 and F. florentina Dequal, 1914. F. gigantea is much larger (30–45 mm long, 90–95 segments). Also, F. florentina has more segments (85–90) and although it has two large spermathecal ectal glands, the spermathecal duct is short and the diverticula of the spermatheca are placed in two groups on the opposite sides of the ampulla.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, K. & Cech, G., 2006, Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 1310 on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17385
Measurement of b-hadron masses
No full textMeasurements of b-hadron masses are performed with the exclusive decay modes B +→J/ψK +, B 0→J/ψK +, B0→J/ψKS0, Bs0→J/ψφ and Λb0→J/ψΛ using an integrated luminosity of 35pb -1 collected in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The momentum scale is calibrated with J/ψ→μ +μ - decays and verified to be known to a relative precision of 2 ×10 -4 using other two-body decays. The results are more precise than previous measurements, particularly in the case of the Bs0 and Λb0 masses
Observations of Bºs→ψ(2S)η and Bº(s)→ψ(2S)π+π- decays
No full textFirst observations of the B0s
→ψ(2S)η, B0 →ψ(2S)π
+
π
− and B0s
→ψ(2S)π
+
π
− decays are made
using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected by the LHCb experiment in
proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of
√
s = 7 TeV. The ratios of the branching fractions
of each of the ψ(2S) modes with respect to the corresponding J/ψ decays are
B(B0s
→ψ(2S)η)
÷
B(B0s
→J/ψη)
= 0.83± 0.14 (stat)±0.12 (syst) ±0.02 (B),
;
B(B0→ψ(2S)π
+
π
−
)
÷
B(B0→J/ψπ
+
π
−
)
= 0.56± 0.07 (stat)±0.05 (syst)± 0.01 (B),
;
B(B0s
→ψ(2S)π
+
π
−
)
÷
B(B0s
→J/ψπ
+
π
−
)
= 0.34± 0.04 (stat)±0.03 (syst)± 0.01 (B),
where the third uncertainty corresponds to the uncertainties of the dilepton branching fractions of the J/ψ
and ψ(2S) meson decays
Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→K0Sπ+ and B+→K0SK+
No full textAn analysis of B+ → K0
Sπ+ and B+ → K0
S K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp
collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−1 and 2 fb−1 collected at centre-ofmass
energies of
√
s = 7 TeV and
√
s = 8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the
direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+ → K0
S K+
)/B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = 0.064 ± 0.009 (stat.) ±
0.004 (syst.), ACP(B+ → K0
Sπ+
) = −0.022 ± 0.025 (stat.) ± 0.010 (syst.) and ACP(B+ → K0
S K+
) =
−0.21 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.). The data sample taken at
√
s = 7 TeV is used to search for
B+
c
→ K0
S K+ decays and results in the upper limit ( fc · B(B+
c
→ K0
S K+
))/( fu · B(B+ → K0
Sπ+
)) <
5.8 × 10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fc and fu denote the hadronisation fractions of a ¯b
quark
into a B+
c or a B+ meson, respectively
Evidence for the decay B0→J/ψω and measurement of the relative branching fractions of meson decays to J/ψη and J/ψη′
No full textFirst evidence of the B 0 → J / ψ ω decay is found and the B s 0 → J / ψ η and B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0 decay:frac(B (B 0 → J / ψ ω), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 0.89 ± 0.19 (stat) - 0.13 + 0.07 (syst),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 14.0 ± 1.2 (stat) - 1.5 + 1.1 (syst) - 1.0 + 1.1 (frac(f d, f s)),frac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B 0 → J / ψ ρ 0)) = 12.7 ± 1.1 (stat) - 1.3 + 0.5 (syst) - 0.9 + 1.0 (frac(f d, f s)), where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of f d / f s, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of B 0 and B s 0 mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of B s 0 → J / ψ η ′ and B s 0 → J / ψ η decays is measured to befrac(B (B s 0 → J / ψ η ′), B (B s 0 → J / ψ η)) = 0.90 ± 0.09 (stat) - 0.02 + 0.06 (syst)
Measurement of the CKM angle gamma from a combination of B->Dh analyses
No full textA combination of three LHCb measurements of the CKM angle gamma is presented. The decays B->DK and B->Dpi are used, where D denotes an admixture of D0 and D0-bar mesons, decaying into K+K-, pi+pi-, K+-pi-+, K+-pi-+pi+-pi-+, KSpi+pi-, or KSK+K- final states. All measurements use a dataset corresponding to 1.0 fb-1 of integrated luminosity. Combining results from B->DK decays alone a best-fit value of gamma = 72.0 deg is found, and confidence intervals are set gamma in [56.4,86.7] deg at 68% CL, gamma in [42.6,99.6] deg at 95% CL. The best-fit value of gamma found from a combination of results from B->Dpi decays alone, is gamma = 18.9 deg, and the confidence intervals gamma in [7.4,99.2] deg or [167.9,176.4] deg at 68% CL, are set, without constraint at 95% CL. The combination of results from B->DK and B->Dpi decays gives a best-fit value of gamma = 72.6 deg and the confidence intervals gamma in [55.4,82.3] deg at 68% CL, gamma in [40.2,92.7] deg at 95% CL are set. All values are expressed modulo 180 deg, and are obtained taking into account the effect of D0-D0bar mixing
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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